贡嘎山地区黄背栎的光合特性

应用Li-6 400光合测定系统研究了贡嘎山地区不同海拔黄背栎(Quercus pannosa)幼树的光合生理特性。结果表明:(1)在8月晴天,不同海拔生长的黄背栎叶片净光合速率日变化均呈比较平稳的单峰曲线,无光合午休现象,随着海拔的升高,叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率均降低,而叶片气孔导度增加,有利于高海拔地区植物光合作用气体交换;(2)不同海拔试验点叶片净光合速率对光合辐射的响应有较大的差异,叶片光补偿点为39.16~68.06μmol/(m2.s),光饱和点为1 124.78~1 754.88μmol/(m2.s),表观光量子利用效率为0.028 12~0.031 73。随着海拔的升高,叶片光补偿点、光饱和点和最大净光合速率增加;(3)叶片CO2补偿点为68.47~105.21μmol/mol。随着海拔的升高,CO2补偿点降低,有利于植物对高海拔地区低CO2分压环境的适应。CO2饱和点在700μmol/mol左右,羧化效率为0.035~0.038。     

CO2浓度倍增对宁夏枸杞光合特性的影响

采用开顶式气室(OTC)控制模拟环境,测定1年生宁夏枸杞苗木在CO2倍增浓度((700±20)μmol/mol)处理下的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率及光响应曲线以及CO2响应曲线等,研究CO2浓度倍增对枸杞苗木光合特性的影响。结果表明:在各自生长环境下,处理组ECC((700±20)μmol/mol)的枸杞净光合速率在整个处理期间均高于对照组的ACC((350±20)μmol/mol),同时光补偿点提高,光饱和点降低,CO2饱和点升高。因此,CO2浓度增高可以提高枸杞叶片的净光合速率和水分利用效率。     

松嫩草原碱化草甸朝鲜碱茅光合生理生态特性的研究

在松嫩平原碱化草甸生长季中期,朝鲜碱茅不同龄级叶片净光合速率的日变化均为双峰曲线,第一个峰值出现在12:00左右,第二峰值出现在17:00左右;各龄级叶片中以4 a叶片的净光合速率最高,5 a叶片次之,3 a叶片最低.朝鲜碱茅为C3植物,光补偿点为56 μmol/ (m2·s),光饱和点为1 800 μmol/ (m2 ·s),光半饱和点为600 μmol/ (m2·s),光近饱和点为1 500 μmol/ (m2·s).     

南京椴和心叶椴苗期光合特性比较

利用Li 6400便携式光合作用测定仪,分别测定南京椴(Tilia miqueliana)和心叶椴(T.cordata)2年生苗木叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Cond)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)等指标的日变化,对两树种光合特性进行对比分析。结果表明：8月中旬天气晴朗时,两种椴树净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均呈双峰曲线,胞间CO2浓度变化呈单谷曲线;两树种的光补偿点分别为36.2 μmol/(m2·s)和22.8 μmol/(m2·s),光饱和点分别为1 384.8 μmol/(m2·s)和1 216.5 μmol/(m2·s),CO2补偿点分别为76.4 μmol/mol和80.9 μmol/mol,CO2饱和点则分别为1 872.5 μmol/mol和1 655 μmol/mol。基于对这两个树种净光合作用的分析,笔者发现南京椴净光合速率日均值大于心叶椴。     

陕北柠条的光合特性

用Licor-6400便携式光合作用测定系统测定了陕北吴旗县柠条在年生长季内叶片净光合速率随光照度和CO2浓度的变化规律,并测定了柠条叶片的蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用率(WUE)随光照度的变化规律.结果表明:在年生长季内,柠条叶片光补偿点(LCP)的变动范围为37.4～70.92 μmol/(m2·s),光饱和点(LSP)为1 324.07～1 626.04 μmol/(m2·s),表观光量子效率(φ)为0.008 99～0.014 76 μmol/mol;柠条叶片的CO2补偿点(CCP)为56.76～126.80 μmol/mol,CO2饱和点(CSP)为1 154.60～1 828.86 μmol/mol.说明柠条为C3植物,不耐荫,应栽植在阳光充足的地方.柠条在年生长季内蒸腾速率(Tr)的大小排序为:Tr9月＞Tr8月＞Tr6月＞Tr7月＞Tr5月;水分利用率(WUE)高低排序为:WUE5月＞WUE7月＞WUE8月＞WUE6月＞WUE9月.     

花楸幼苗光合特性及其影响因子分析

使用Li-6400光合测定系统研究了生态因子对花楸(Sorbus pohuashanensisHedl.)二年生幼苗叶片的光合生理特性的影响.结果表明:花楸幼苗净光合速率日变化曲线均呈单峰型,无午休现象,且峰值(18.7μmol/(m2.s))出现在12:00,净光合速率的变化是由非气孔因素决定的;花楸光合作用受多因子交互作用的影响,交互作用对净光合速率的影响大于单一因子,其中光合有效辐射对净光合速率的影响最大;正常大气条件下,花楸幼苗叶片光饱和点为1 268.4μmol/(m2.s)、补偿点为31.9μmol/(m2.s),CO2饱和点为998.82μmol/mol、CO2补偿点为51.87μmol/mol.     

金钱树苗期光合特性研究

运用美国 L I- COR公司制造的 L I- 6 4 0 0便携式光合作用测定系统 ,研究设施内金钱树 (Zamioculcaszamiif olia)的光合特性。结果表明 :金钱树叶片净光合速率的日变化呈双峰型 ,有明显的“光合午休”现象。金钱树苗期的光饱和点为 4 2 7μmol.m- 2 .s- 1 ,光补偿点为 38μm ol.m- 2 .s- 1 ;CO2 饱和点为 12 0 0 μl.L- 1 ,补偿点为6 0～ 70 μl.L- 1。对高温 (>30℃ )的反应敏感。金钱树适合于遮阴环境下生长。     

遮荫处理的白英光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性研究

利用GFS-3000 光合作用仪和MINI-PAM 叶绿素荧光仪测定了遮荫处理(平均光强分别为1 000(对照)、500和250 μmol·m-2·s-1)后白英植株光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的变化,从而研究了适宜栽培白英的光照条件.结果表明,白英的光系统Ⅱ实际光化学效率和最大光化学效率的日变化比较平稳且维持在一个较高的水平;随着遮光处理的加强,白英叶片的净光合速率,补偿点、光饱和点、CO-2补偿点和CO-2饱和点均呈现出下降的趋势,而光合色素含量均呈现上升的趋势.研究结果证实,白英最适合在866.00 μmol·m-2·s-1光照条件下栽培.     

非洲菊光合特性的研究

运用美国LI＿COR公司制造的LI＿6400便携式光合作用测定系统,研究了非洲菊的光合特性。结果表明:叶片净光合速率的日变化呈双峰型,有明显的"光合午休"现象。非洲菊的光饱和点约为1200μmol/m2·s,光补偿点约为50μmol/m2·s;CO2饱和点约为1600μL/L,补偿点约为60～70μL/L。对高温(>30℃)的反应敏感。     

响叶杨光合蒸腾和水分利用效率对光强 及CO2浓度升高的响应

以2年生响叶杨幼树为试验材料,利用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定系统,对自然条件下响叶杨不同光合有效辐射(PAR)强度及不同CO2浓度(cCO2)处理下叶片光合及水分生理生态参数的变化特征进行了研究。结果表明：(1)400 μmol/mol CO2摩尔分数条件下,响叶杨叶片净光合速率(Pn)与PAR之间的回归方程为：yPn=-1.0×10-5x2PAR+0.030 3xPAR-1.103 1,相关系数可达0.988 2;光饱和点、光补偿点及表观量子效率分别为1 515 μmol/(m2·s)、55 μmol/(m2·s)和0045;叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)与PAR间回归方程：yTr=0.002 6xPAR+7.153 2,相关系数为0.878 6;叶片水分利用效率(WUE)与PAR间回归方程为：yWUE=-1.0×10-6x2PAR+0.003 5xPAR-0.093 3,相关系数为0.949 3。(2)PAR为1 000 μmol/(m2·s)的条件下,Pn与CO2摩尔分数(cCO2)之间回归方程为：yPn=2.0×10-5x2CO2+0.047 2xCO2-2.852 3,相关系数为0.950 2,CO2饱和点、补偿点及羧化速率分别为1 180 μmol/mol、64 μmol/mol和0.058,但随cCO2增加Tr呈无规则变化,且两者无明显的相关关系;WUE与cCO2之间的回归方程为：yWUE=3.0×10-6x2CO2+0.007 2xCO2-0.450 4,相关系数为0.926 3。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.