基于Kriging代理模型的苯乙烯流程优化

针对苯乙烯工艺流程的设计及控制复杂性,使用Kriging代理模型方法,对由Aspen plus构建的苯乙烯工艺流程模拟系统进行建模,并且使用分布估计算法对目标函数进行优化。结果表明,基于Kriging模型的分布估计算法,在保证较高精度要求的前提下,明显减少了计算时间,有效地化解了精度和效率之间的矛盾,具有理论意义及实用价值。     

混合Kriging代理模型的高维参数估计优化算法

基于Kriging代理模型的优化算法对于解决函数计算昂贵的优化问题非常有效,但并不适用于高维参数的优化.针对该问题,提出了一个混合Kriging代理模型和多种优化技术的算法.该算法在Kriging模型选择新样例点时使用单维参数独立优化以克服维度灾难并提高收敛速度,同时基于已构建的Kriging代理模型信息提出一种新的动态坐标扰动策略,并将该策略用于高维参数优化以得到更好的目标函数值.为了保证不丢失全局最优解,在使用一般期望提高加点策略作为选点原则时,在期望函数的多个峰值同时选点.为了验证算法的有效性,将该算法应用于具有41维参数的人类白细胞代谢网络参数估计问题.实验结果表明,在有限的迭代次数下,该算法能产生较小的目标函数值,以及和实验拟合较好的参数估计结果.     

基于Kriging代理模型的船舶水动力性能多目标快速协同优化

引入Kriging代理模型,对船舶兴波阻力、垂荡和纵摇运动幅值进行了多目标快速优化.优化过程中,以Rankine源非线性势流理论和三维频域面元法为基础,利用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)并结合船体曲面修改函数对船体型线进行多目标优化设计,将高精度Kriging代理模型引入到优化进程中以解决迭代造成的耗时难题.数值分析结果表明:该优化方法能够使船型最优,在设计吃水、服务航速下有效减少航行阻力并提高耐波性能,且Kriging代理模型方法可以大幅提高船型优化效率.最后,基于雷诺平均(RANS)方程的计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对模型尺度λ为31.599的最优船型的阻力结果进行了对比验证,以证明优化结果的可靠性.     

基于偏最小二乘的Kriging代理模型在加氢裂化建模中的应用

提出了一种改进的代理模型方法 (Kriging with Partial Least Squares,KPLS)。该方法在Kriging模型的基础上引入偏最小二乘的思想,利用偏最小二乘方法构建新的Kriging模型的高斯核函数。将该模型应用于加氢裂化过程建模,有效地提高了航煤、柴油质量收率的预测精度。采用GLAMP(Global and local search strategy)优化算法对建立的KPLS模型进行优化,仿真结果显示航煤、柴油质量收率得到了显著提升。     

基于Kriging模型的高压共轨柴油机标定应用

为解决电控柴油机随着控制参数的增多造成的标定工作量大、工作效率低的问题,将基于模型的标定方法应用于VMR425DOHC高压共轨柴油机的经济性优化过程中. 采用LHS-ESE算法设计控制参数的试验空间,根据获得的试验数据建立控制参数与响应数据之间的Ordinary Kriging代理模型,并在此基础上进行优化得到最终的控制参数MAP. 试验结果表明,对比常规标定方法,采用基于模型的标定可以使试验样本点选取更加合理,大幅提高试验标定效率,Kriging代理模型的使用使预测结果更为精确,最大误差率在2%以内,满足共轨柴油机建模需要,优化结果使发动机燃油经济性区域得到扩大.      

基于网格变形与代理模型的横梁参数化建模与轻量化优化

建立了包含导轨结合面的横梁有限元模型,并通过模态实验验证了有限元模型的正确性,在多种极限工况下对原横梁进行了静动态特性分析与评价;针对现有优化方法的不足,采用了一种新的优化设计方法:通过网格变形技术实现结构尺寸的参数化建模,基于拉丁超立方采样、相对灵敏度分析和Kriging近似模型建立横梁结构优化的代理模型以代替现有的有限元仿真模型;以体积最小为优化目标,以刚度、强度和动态性能不变为约束条件,采用遗传算法进行优化设计.优化结果表明:在保持横梁最大变形、静刚度以及一阶模态频率基本不变的情况下,横梁总质量减少了58 kg(减少了5.9%).     

压力铸造成型工艺参数优化数学模型研究

针对压铸成型的工艺参数系统难以建立精确的数学模型,参数优化凭经验试凑,难以得到最优成型工艺参数的问题。本文提出了一种基于量子粒子群算法改进的Kriging算法来建立压铸成型工艺参数系统精确的数学模型,通过Kriging代理模型技术建立工艺参数与控制量之间的精确数学模型,采用量子粒子群算法对Kriging代理模型的变差函数的参数进行优化,提高KRIGING建立的工艺参数与控制量之间的数学模型精度。仿真结果表明:基于量子粒子群算法改进后的Kriging模型精度评价指标的R²提高了9. 4741%,RMSE降低了82. 3207%,RMAE降低了84. 9139%,预测误差更小,由原来的[-2,10]优化为[-2,1]之间,提高了Kriging模型的拟合精度。     

基于半导体制冷的动力锂电池包散热优化

为提升动力锂电池包的散热性能和能量密度,基于半导体制冷方案,提出一种多目标优化设计方法,对动力锂电池包的排布间距和半导体制冷量进行优化设计。基于建立的半导体制冷方案的热分析模型,采用拉丁超立方试验及径向基函数(radial basis function, RBF)、响应面法(response surface methodology, RSM)、Kriging代理模型方法建立最高温度、最大温差及间距体积的近似模型。以最大温差和间距体积为目标,最高温度为约束建立电池包散热优化模型,运用多目标遗传算法(multi-objective genetic algorithm, MOGA)进行寻优求解,并通过实验验证优化方案仿真结果的可靠性。优化后仿真结果表明：电池模组间距体积减小了32.42%,最大温差降低了13.64%,最高温度降低了0.53%,该方法显著地提升了电池包的散热性能和能量密度。     

基于Kriging法的铁道车辆客室结构优化

为解决铁道车辆客室空间尺寸和内部部件接触刚度优化配置问题,实现客室结构多目标多参数优化设计,以座椅-桌子结构和座椅-座椅结构2种模型为例,基于Kriging算法构造了目标参数(乘员头部性能指标CHI15,CHI36和胸部性能指标CT3ms)关于设计变量(小桌高度h、小桌与座椅距离l1、座椅间距l2、桌子接触刚度k1和座椅接触刚度k2)的代理模型,分别得到目标参数随设计参数变化的响应曲面,并采用遗传算法对建立的目标参数代理模型进行整体寻优,得到2种结构模型的最优参数配置。分析结果表明:各代理模型的遗传算法寻优结果与数值计算的模拟结果吻合较好,误差范围为-5.94%~2.23%,说明基于Kriging代理模型和遗传算法的优化结果是可靠的。研究结果可用于指导铁道车辆客室结构的布置。     

一种基于Kriging模型加点策略的多目标粒子群优化算法

针对工程问题中优化结果误差较大的不足, 提出一种基于Kriging模型的多目标粒子群优化算法. 先利用Kriging模型的响应信息对误差进行预测, 并将预测误差引入Pareto支配关系比较、 全局领导者和局部领导者的选取及变异机制的进行过程中, 再结合文中加点策略使优化过程在少量抽样的前提下快速准确地逼近Pareto前沿解集. 性能测试结果表明, 该算法可提高复杂系统模型的优化效率及准确性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.