水槽试验浪成沙纹的特征及控制因素

在水槽中利用周期（１．０￣１．９ｓ）、波高（８．６￣１１．７ｃｍ）不同的规则波及波群塑造了沙纹。试验指出：１、沙纹的垂向形态指数及对称性指数符合标准浪成沙纹的相应值；２、沙纹的波长、波高、陡度与波浪水质点近底床水平运动方向的轨迹直径、波浪流的无量纲切应力、沉积物的活动性参数呈函数关系；３、沙纹的对称性与波浪的底部质量输移速率和水质点近底床的水平方向运动速率的比值有关。     

潮滩微地貌的声学观测与分析

于2013年6月8日至6月9日在江苏如东潮滩进行海底地貌与沉积动力学观测.采用"差值法"从声呐数据中提取底形信息,并分析底形演化与水动力、悬沙浓度的关系.底形数据结果表明,潮周期内底床形态变化明显;分析同步的沉积动力学观测数据发现,底床形态的起伏程度与流速呈正相关关系.随着流速增加,近底部水体悬沙浓度增加,底床形态起伏程度增加;流速减小,近底部水体悬沙浓度回落,底床形态的起伏程度降低.分别分析东西向与南北向底床起伏程度与流速的关系表明,流向对沙纹的起伏程度具有重要影响,垂直沙纹走向的水流会增大底床形态的起伏程度,平行沙纹走向的水流会减小底床形态起伏程度.     

波浪作用下沙质海滩沉积物运动特征

基于二维波浪水槽实验,采用沙质斜坡概化海滩,分别选用规则波和椭圆余弦波进行实验,测量波浪作用前后的海滩剖面形态及断面沉积物粒径组成,探讨波浪作用下沙质海滩沉积物运动特征,包括剖面形态演化特征及其床沙分选规律.结果表明:沙质海滩剖面形态时空演化特征受波浪类型、波高、周期等因素影响,呈现出沙坝形态和滩肩形态,发现波浪Irribarren参数可以作为沙质海滩剖面演化形态的判别参数.在本实验条件下,Irribarren参数大,海滩剖面呈现滩肩形态;Irribarren参数小,海滩剖面则呈现沙坝形态.海滩床面沉积物在波浪作用下产生了明显的分选现象,波浪破碎产生的强烈紊动造成床面沉积物的起动、并为小颗粒的运动提供动力.水体紊动导致水流挟沙力降低,大颗粒泥沙在紊动较强区域产生沉积,部分被水流挟带发生向岸推移;小颗粒泥沙则随水流运动,在紊动较弱的区域分散沉积.     

非线性波作用下非对称沙纹床面流场特性数值分析

海床上的沙纹对泥沙输运和波浪衰减有着重要的影响.通过数值波浪水槽研究了非线性波作用下非对称沙纹床面底层的流动特性.控制方程为雷诺时均方程和 k-ε紊流模型.入射波为椭圆余弦波,采用PLIC-VOF法追踪自由表面.通过数值模拟得到了不同波浪条件下的瞬时速度场和涡量场.计算结果表明:非线性波作用下,非对称沙纹床面两侧的涡动强度不相等,涡量值与波浪参数密切相关;波浪非线性增强,涡量值增大,最大涡量值对应的相位角减小;涡量值大小的变化与外流场速度变化不同步达到最大,随着Ursell数增大,涡量值在小相角下达到最大值.     

斜坡海床上管道位置对其周围冲刷影响试验

斜坡海床上不同管道位置会引起不同冲刷,会对海床形态演变产生影响,因此管道周围的海床床面变化对于管道的铺设极为重要。在波浪水槽中,采用中值粒径为0.38 mm 原型沙铺设1∶15坡度的底床模型进行试验,测量波浪作用下不同管道位置的床面形态。通过测量和计算管后冲刷坑深度、沙坝和沙坑到坡脚的距离,分析管道位置对沙质斜坡海床上床面形态演变的影响规律。试验结果表明,管道存在使波浪在破碎点附近波高增加,管道搁置在相对水深比Δ=0.36处与无管条件相比,波高增加幅度接近10%;随着相对水深比Δ减小,管后冲刷坑最大值先减小后增大,管道搁置在Δ=0.47处,管后冲刷坑最大值约为0.2倍管径,对床面形态影响最小;随着管道距离破碎点越近,形成的沙坝位置向岸方向移动。     

自然海况下波浪特性的初步研究

通过分析大量的海外浮标观测资料，发现波龄和无因次波高之间存在着非常好的相关性，自然海况下的波浪场满足3/5指数律，其波龄可达到几十，远远超过风浪波龄的上限1.4，说明波浪组成波之间波-波共振非线性相互作用是波浪内部结构的主要调节机制，使波高和周期之间具有很好的相关性。     

非对称不规则沙纹床面流动稳定性特征的理论研究

沙质床面在水流从其上流过之后通常都不能保持其平整性, 随着水流强度的增加, 会依次出现沙纹、沙垄等的床面形态. 在这几种床面形态中, 沙纹的尺度是最小的, 刚出现时一般是对称的, 但随着时间的推移, 逐渐发展为非对称形态. 沙纹的这种不对称性, 一方面体现了水流对床面形态的影响, 另一方面也对作用在其上面的层流及其稳定性特征产生重要影响. 我们就非对称沙纹床面上明渠层流稳定性特征做详细探讨, 并与对称沙纹床面上的层流稳定性特征做了比较.     

作用在斜坡海底管线上的斜向波浪力试验

通过模型试验研究了在斜向波浪作用下斜坡沙床上海底管线所受波浪力的变化规律。通过改变相对波高、K_c数以及管线与斜坡坡脚线夹角θ,测量管线中间位置截面表面所受波浪点压力和管线整体三维总力。试验结果表明,改变相对波高、K_c数和管线与斜坡坡脚线夹角,管线表面所受点压力和总力均呈现相应的规律,且θ对管线总力影响最大;管线所受波浪点压力表现为"正弦"曲线规律,局部表面受力在一定程度上反映了管线整体受力变化。     

波浪作用下太湖梅梁湾口近底部湍流特征

为了更好地了解太湖的湍流特性及其对底泥再悬浮和絮凝扩散的影响,2015年8月13日14:00时在太湖梅梁湾口定点对水流和波浪连续观测了24h,波潮仪和浊度仪被用于观测波浪要素和悬浮物浓度,另有两台声学多普勒流速仪(ADV)用于观测距离湖底10cm和30cm处的湍流特征.整个测量期间主要经历了三种不同的波浪情况,通过对ADV的观测结果进行分析处理,计算出不同波浪分级下的雷诺应力,湍流动能和湍流动能耗散率等湍流特征参量.观测结果表明在整个测量期间底部的剪切应力和湍流动能与波高要素有着良好的线性关系;同时结合室内底泥侵蚀试验结果表明在本文研究时段内,直接利用波要素推导切应力比利用ADV推导出的雷诺应力更加符合太湖梅梁湾口底部剪切应力的实际情况.本文的结果可为进一步研究与湍流密切相关的太湖污染物扩散和生物过程提供基础.     

规则波作用下群桩波浪力的实验研究

1 实验条件与方法 1.1 实验条件 全部实验在长×高×宽为 24.0×1.0×1.5 m的水槽内进行。水槽首部安装可产生 2.0—19.0 cm波高,0.60—1.85 s波浪周期的摇板式生波机。生波机前后分别安有滤波器和立式金属消能器以改善波浪稳定条件和池臂的反射效应。实验范围:桩径:D=2—4cm,桩距:l/D为1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5,4.o(l—相邻桩中至中距离);波高:H=2.5—10.0 cm; 实验分单排枚平行波向线排列,单排桩垂直波向线排列,方阵排列与单排桩比较三组。 1.2 实验方法 实验采用重力相似定律,实验桩用有机玻璃或钢管制做,用悬臂梁承受波浪作用,上端用测力…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to