水泥混凝土路面板再生集料工程特性强化方法

为改善水泥混凝土路面板再生集料的工程特性,分别采用物理磨耗法与化学试剂喷涂法,对再生集料进行了强化处理,研究了钢球数量、转动圈数、化学试剂类型、试剂用量和拌和时间对再生集料吸水率和压碎值的影响,并对强化前后表面形貌进行了微观扫描分析.结果表明:采用物理和化学强化法均可以显著改善再生集料的工程特性;最优的物理磨耗试验条件为采用8个钢球和转动300圈,最优的化学强化试剂为有机硅树脂,最佳用量和拌和时间分别为2%和30 s;物理磨耗可以去除再生集料表面的硬化水泥浆体,化学试剂通过固化成膜来修复再生集料微观损伤,均可有效地降低其吸水率和压碎值.     

基于表面自由能理论的温拌再生沥青-集料粘附特性

根据表面能理论,通过表面张力分析仪测试不同掺量新旧沥青和集料的表面自由能参数,分析温拌再生沥青表面自由能的变化规律以及温拌再生沥青-集料粘附特性。研究结果表明:再生沥青的表面自由能随旧沥青掺量增加而增大;温拌剂的添加改变了沥青的极性分量和Lewis酸碱作用力参数,改善了沥青的表面自由能,增强了沥青与石料的粘附能力;结合温拌条件下石灰岩、花岗岩2种石料粘附功之比以及水稳定性能试验结果,说明温拌剂的添加增强了沥青混合料粘附性能,从而改善再生沥青混合料的水稳定性能。     

基于表面能理论的沥青-集料体系的粘附特性研究

基于表面自由能理论,采用接触角法测定2种沥青与4种集料的表面自由能参数,分别计算出各种沥青-集料体系的粘附功和剥落功,以表征沥青-集料体系的粘附性优劣;并采用冻融劈裂试验进行验证.结果表明:石灰岩集料与SK70改性沥青的粘附功最大,剥落功最小;花岗岩集料与SK基质沥青的粘附功最小,剥落功最大.此外,剥落功表征的沥青-集料体系的粘附性能与冻融劈裂试验表征的粘附性能基本一致;且沥青-集料体系的剥落功更能直观地定量评价沥青-集料体系的粘附性能.     

再生骨料混凝土耐久性能影响因素研究

简单破碎再生骨料混凝土的需水量很大,导致混凝土的收缩大、氯离子渗透系数大、碳化速度快以及抗冻性差等弱点.骨料颗粒整形技术可以除去骨料表面粘附的水泥石,减少表面微裂缝使得再生骨料变得圆滑,显著降低需水量,混凝土的收缩性能、抗氯离子渗透性、抗碳化性能和抗冻性能均显著改善,改善了再生骨料混凝土的耐久性能.     

就地热再生技术在湖南省的适用性研究

为了研究就地热再生技术在湖南省高速公路沥青路面养护工程中的适用性,依托衡大高速公路,通过对旧路面沥青混合料的沥青和集料进行试验分析,分析旧沥青三大指标的变化情况,并通过掺入不同比例的再生剂进行性能试验,确定再生剂的用量;通过对旧集料进行筛分试验,分析旧集料的碎化情况。基于连续两年跟踪观测,从路面抗车辙能力、破损状况、抗滑性能和行驶质量四个方面评价就地热再生的养护效果。     

有机轻集料混凝土的单轴受压试验研究

研究了原发发泡聚苯乙烯(EPS)颗粒、再生EPS颗粒或废橡胶粒部分取代粗集料的有机轻集料混凝土在单轴受压时的破坏形态、弹性模量、应力-应变全曲线等,并采用不同公式对有机轻集料混凝土的应力-应变全曲线进行拟合.结果表明:各轻集料混凝土的应力-应变全曲线总体形状与普通混凝土的相似,但曲线上各特征点与普通混凝土不同;轻集料混...     

城市建筑废弃物再生水泥稳定混合料路用性能

为探究建筑废弃物再生集料应用于道路基层的适用性和可行性,通过对再生原材料基本力学性能分析,建立优化混合料配合比设计方法,确定再生集料粒径类型、与天然集料混合比例及水泥胶结料用量等,研究再生集料掺量(质量分数为10%、18%、28%,下同)、养护龄期(7～90 d)等因素对再生混合料力学强度性能、力学刚度、抗冻性能、抗冲刷性能及收缩性能的影响。研究结果表明:再生集料的力学强度低于天然集料,吸水率达到10%,在掺量28%时,选用5～10 mm粒径组成的再生集料混合料力学强度值高于10～20 mm粒径的再生集料,试验结果的离散性也显著下降;随再生集料掺量的增加,再生混合料的路用性能指标均出现劣化现象,其中对劈裂强度的劣化幅度最大,抗压回弹模量影响次之,而抗压强度的影响最小;在掺量[10%,18%]范围内,冻融强度损失的下降幅度较大,而冲刷质量损失在掺量(18%,28%]时的下降幅度较大;随养护龄期的增加,再生集料掺量越高,其力学强度改善效果也更明显,能够显著弥补早期强度不足;随环境温度的提高,再生混合料的温缩系数也显著增加,且进一步提高了再生集料掺量变化对温缩系数的敏感性;与天然集料相比,城市建筑废弃物再生集料的基本性能指标有所减低,但通过合理的加工处理,仍能满足部分等级道路基层施工的相关规范要求,建议在使用过程中加强原材料指标控制。     

现场热再生技术在湖南省的适用性研究

为了研究现场热再生技术在湖南省高速公路沥青路面养护工程中的适用性,通过对衡大高速公路旧路面沥青混合料的沥青和集料进行试验分析,分析旧沥青三大指标的变化情况,并通过掺入不同比例的再生剂进行性能试验,确定再生剂的用量;通过对旧集料进行筛分试验,分析旧集料的碎化情况。基于连续两年跟踪观测,从路面抗车辙能力、破损状况、抗滑性能和行驶质量四个方面评价现场热再生的养护效果。     

再生集料沥青混凝土界面损伤行为特征

水泥混凝土再生集料是建筑垃圾经分选、破碎、筛分工艺处理后的天然集料替代物，包含了水泥砂浆、原生集料、水泥砂浆与原生集料复合体。沥青混凝土内部界面损伤是沥青路面开裂的主要诱因，探究再生集料对沥青混凝土内部界面损伤的影响，有利于水泥混凝土再生集料在路面工程的推广。本文首先采用再生集料制备再生集料沥青混凝土(recycled aggregate asphalt concrete，RAAM)，将RAAM中内部界面分为水泥砂浆-沥青砂浆界面(cement mortar-asphalt mastic interface, CMI)和天然集料-沥青砂浆界面(natural aggregate-asphalt mastic interface, NAI)，通过电镜扫描试验和X线计算机体层成像(X-ray computed tomography, X-ray CT)试验获取了沥青混凝土内部界面的微细观特征，并采用半圆弯曲试验和有限元模型分析了RAAM的界面力学特征。试验结果表明，再生集料中的附着水泥砂浆具有多孔结构，增加再生集料用量会加剧沥青混凝土高温压缩过程中的内部界面损伤，水泥砂浆内部、水泥砂浆-沥青砂浆界面（CMI）的联结失效是内部界面损伤的主要诱因；有限元(finite element method, FEM)仿真结果表明，随着再生集料用量的增加，沥青混凝土的断裂耗散能降低，混凝土内部的界面主应力平均值增大。通过本研究分析，建议再生集料沥青混凝土使用前先对再生集料表面水泥砂浆进行物理或化学强化处理，研究结果为将来再生集料在道路工程中的应用提供参考。     

赤泥沥青混合料动态响应与水稳定性提升

针对赤泥沥青胶浆遇水界面剥离导致的沥青混合料水稳定性不足问题,选用消石灰、水泥对其进行增强改性,通过沥青质量检测仪(QCT)、界面拉拔仪(PosiTest AT-A)、表面自由能测试仪、简单性能试验系统(SPT)与汉堡车辙仪(HWT),研究了原状赤泥以及改性赤泥对沥青胶浆流变学行为与界面黏附性的影响,通过表面自由能计算了沥青胶浆-集料界面的黏附功与剥离功,揭示了赤泥沥青胶浆-集料界面遇水后的强度失效机理,分析了赤泥沥青胶浆-集料界面的热力学演变规律,评价了沥青混合料的动态响应、高温抗车辙性能与水稳定性。结果表明:赤泥可以提高沥青胶浆的刚度并改善沥青胶浆的弹性;单纯使用赤泥作为填料制备的沥青胶浆抗水损害能力较弱,而加入消石灰可以明显提高赤泥沥青胶浆的黏结强度,从而改善赤泥沥青胶浆与集料界面的水稳定性;沥青胶浆-集料界面热力学黏附功与机械强度变化规律一致;赤泥替代石灰岩矿粉导致沥青混合料动态模量提高、相位角减小,加入消石灰进一步提高了沥青混合料的动态模量并降低相位角,但是水泥对赤泥沥青混合料的动态模量影响不大;赤泥可以提高沥青混合料干燥状态下的抗车辙能力,加入掺量(质量分数,下同)10%的消石灰进一步提高了沥青混合料的抗车辙能力;赤泥替代石灰岩矿粉严重影响了沥青混合料的抗水损害能力,通过消石灰物理改性可以提高赤泥沥青混合料的水稳定性。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.