Effect of rare earth elements on the microstructure and property for magnesium alloy AM60B

The effects of rare earth elements on the microstructure and properties of magnesium alloy AM60B alloy were studied. Different proportions of rare earth elements were added to AM60B and the tensile tests were carried out under different temperatures. The experimental results show that at room temperature the tensile strength of AM60B can be improved with the addition of rare earth elements. The ductility of which at room or elevated temperature (120℃) can also be improved, and the ductility is to some extent in proportion with the amount of rare earth elements. The ductility at 120℃ is better than that at room temperature. The microstructure graphs demonstrate that appropriate amount of rare earth elements (0.1%-0.2%, mass fraction) can fine AM60B's grain and improve its ductility.     

B和Gd复合微合金化对AZ91镁合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)及X射线衍射分析对添加微量B和稀土元素Gd的AZ91镁合金的显微组织及相组成进行了研究,并对其室温力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,AZ91镁合金中添加Gd后,Gd与Al形成杆状或块状的Al_2Gd化合物相。含Gd的质量分数为1.0%时,铸态合金的拉伸强度为207.8 MPa,相对未加Gd时提升了27.9%。AZ91镁合金复合添加B和Gd后,合金组织发生明显的变化,在减少Gd含量的基础上添加B,可达到用微量B代替部分Gd对AZ91的强化效果。对比单一添加Gd的铸态AZ91镁合金,在达到相同力学性能的情况下,(B+Gd)复合微合金化的AZ91镁合金的Gd添加量质量分数降低了19%,从而降低了成本。     

SO2/CO2气体对纯镁及AZ91D合金的保护行为

为探究气体保护纯镁及镁合金免于氧化及燃烧的机制,研究了体积分数为3%SO2和97%CO2混合气体在非封闭熔化炉中对熔融纯镁及AZ91D合金的保护行为。借助具有能谱测定(EDS)的扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别分析了熔融纯镁及AZ91D合金表面膜的显微组织、化学成分及相组成。结果表明:在680℃AZ91D合金表面膜密集连续,其厚度约为2μm,而纯镁表面膜厚度约为1μm,混合气体对AZ91D合金的保护效果优于纯镁。两种熔体表面膜由MgO、MgS及少量单质C相组成。除AZ91D表面膜含有少量Al外,两种表面膜均含有S、C、O及Mg元素。     

Si对快速凝固/粉末冶金(RS/PM) AZ91镁合金组织和性能的影响

采用快速凝固/粉末冶金(RS/PM)法制备了Si增强的AZ91镁合金.研究了不同Si含量对AZ91镁合金的微观组织、室温和高温力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着Si含量的增加,合金中原位生成的Mg2Si颗粒逐渐长大.Si的加入显著提高了合金的室温和高温力学性能.室温下,当Si含量≤3%时,合金的抗拉强度随着Si含量的增加而提高,当Si含量增加至5%时,合金的抗拉强度大幅度降低.其中RS/PM(AZ91+3%Si)合金表现出最优异的室温力学性能:bσ高达472.36 MPa,σ0.2和δ分别达到329.76 MPa和4.70%.合金的高温抗拉强度(473 K)随着Si含量的增加而提高.     

AZ91D镁合金在不同电解液体系中的微弧氧化行为

在3种不同电解液体系中,对AZ91D镁合金表面分别进行微弧氧化处理而得到氧化物陶瓷膜,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对其表面形貌和相组成进行分析,利用划痕仪测试氧化膜与镁合金基底的结合强度,并用电化学工作站分析氧化膜在模拟人体体液中的腐蚀性能.结果表明:在不同电解液体系中所获氧化膜的表面结构和组成不同;随着氧化时间的延长,微弧氧化涂层与基底的结合力先逐渐增加而后趋缓;微弧氧化处理可明显提高AZ91D镁合金的耐腐蚀性能.     

AZ91D铸造镁合金交流脉冲双极微弧电沉积陶瓷膜

利用交流脉冲方法在AZ91D铸造镁合金表面成功实现阴、阳极微弧电沉积陶瓷膜,并使用SEM和xRD等手段对陶瓷膜的厚度、组织形貌、成分、结构和耐蚀性作了相应研究分析.结果表明,应用交流脉冲方法不仅能够在AZ91D铸造镁合金上实现阴、阳双极微弧电沉积陶瓷膜,同时在阴、阳极陶瓷膜中电沉积有稀土元素Ce.通过比较动电位扫描极化曲线和交流阻抗分析发现阴、阳极微弧氧化处理后AZ91D镁合金的耐蚀性得到显著提高.     

Mg-Al基合金加铋合金化对其力学性能的改善作用

研究了合金元素Ｂｉ对Ｍｇ－９Ａｌ－０．８Ｚｎ（ＡＺ９１）基合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,结果表明Ｂｉ质量分数超过０．５％时,基体中有富Ｂｉ的第二相颗粒形成,并随着Ｂｉ加入量的增多而增加,该颗粒相具有六方Ｄ５２结构,热稳定性较高,适量Ｂｉ的加入改善了合金的铸态组织,提高了合金的室温和高温强度,改善了抗蠕变性能,而塑性有所降低。     

电池包用6061铝合金型材成分与挤压成型性关系

由于现有6061铝合金挤压成型性及力学性能较差，在实际生产中应用范围受限，通过改变合金成分开发新型6061铝合金，将Si的质量分数调整至国标上限0.73%～0.80%，Mg的质量分数调整至国标下限0.82%～0.90%，同时分别设计了多细晶元素（Mn+Cr的质量分数为0.40%）与少细晶元素（Mn+Cr的质量分数为0.14%）两种配比方式，分别命名为6061-A铝合金和6061-B铝合金。通过观察微观组织、测试力学性能、调整挤压速度，研究6061-A铝合金和6061-B铝合金的力学性能、挤压成型性。结果表明，6061-A铝合金挤压成型性更好，同时经（175±5）℃×8 h热处理后，型材屈服强度达到312 MPa，抗拉强度达到325 MPa，伸长率为9%，均高于标准要求。     

Recrystallization and mechanical properties of WE43 magnesium alloy processed via cyclic expansion extrusion

In this study, cyclic expansion extrusion (CEE), as a relatively new severe plastic deformation (SPD) process, is applied to a rare earth (RE) containing Mg alloy WE43. The effects of the processing temperature and the number of passes are also investigated. The results showed that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred after CEE processing at 400℃, and a bimodal structure with ultrafine DRXed grains surrounded the unrecrystallized grains. However, the DRX at 330℃ was retarded because of the existence of RE elements. The tensile tests showed that a simultaneous increase in the strength and the ductility of WE43 is obtained after CEE processing at 400℃ via two passes. Furthermore, the highest ultimate tensile strength of 440 MPa was achieved after the second pass of CEE at 330℃, and the highest ductility of 21% was attained after the second pass of CEE at 400℃. The microhardness measurements showed that the hardness increased from HV 80 to HV 114 and HV 98 after two passes of CEE processing at 330 and 400℃, respectively. In conclusion, increasing the processing passes could increase the mechanical properties and the volume fraction of the recrystallized grains. Moreover, increasing the temperature reduced the strength and the microhardness even if the elongation increased.     

钙和碳变质对AZ91D显微组织与性能的影响

镁合金的晶粒细化对于材质的金相组织和力学性能起着决定性作用.本课题通过在AZ91D中加入Ca和C2Cl6晶粒细化剂,分别研究了Ca,C对AZ91D组织以及力学性能的影响.利用熔剂保护法,制备了AZ91D标准拉伸试样,经过T4,T6处理后,采用金相显微镜(Olympus)、扫面电镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDAX)对制备的试样进行了显微组织、断口形貌及成分进行了观察与分析,并测试了抗拉强度和布氏硬度.试验结果表明:经过显微组织和断口形貌观察,加入细化剂后形成Al4C3,有效的抑制了晶粒的长大,使晶粒得到细化,当Ca和C2Cl6复合应用时,使得AZ91D的晶粒细化更加明显,力学性能得到提高,抗拉强度最高达到216N/mm2,布氏硬度值达到60HB.     

High thermal conductivity and high strength magnesium alloy for high pressure die casting ultrathin-walled components

With the rapid development of 3C industries,the demand for high-thermal-conductivity magnesium alloys with high mechanical performance is increasing quickly.However,the thermal conductivities of most common Mg foundry alloys(such as Mg-9wt%-1wt%Zn)are still relatively low.In this study,we developed a high-thermal-conductivity Mg-4Al-4Zn-4RE-1Ca(wt%,AZEX4441)alloy with good mechanical properties for ultrathin-walled cellphone components via high-pressure die casting(HPDC).The HPDC AZEX4441 alloy exhibited a fine homogeneous microstructure(average grain size of 2.8μm)with granular Al₁₁RE₃,fibrous Al₂REZn₂,and networked Ca₆Mg₂Zn₃ phases distributed at the grain boundaries.The room-temperature thermal conductivity of the HPDC AZEX4441 alloy was 94.4 W·m^-1·K^-1,which was much higher than 53.7 W·m^-1·K^-1 of the HPDC AZ91D alloy.Al and Zn in the AZEX4441 alloy were largely consumed by the formation of Al₁₁RE₃,Al₂REZn₂,and Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ phases because of the addition of RE and Ca.Therefore,the lattice distortion induced by solute atoms of the AZEX4441 alloy(0.171%)was much lower than that of the AZ91D alloy(0.441%),which was responsible for the high thermal conductivity of the AZEX4441 alloy.The AZEX4441 alloy exhibited a high yield strength of~185 MPa,an ultimate tensile strength of~233 MPa,and an elongation of~4.2%.This result indicated that the tensile properties were comparable with those of the AZ91D alloy.Therefore,this study contributed to the development of high-performance Mg alloys with a combination of high thermal conductivity,high strength,and good castability.     

微量稀土对铸态Cu-3.0Si-2.0Ni合金组织及性能的影响

加入适量的稀土元素能有效改善铜合金的组织和性能.铸态Cu-3.0Si-2.0Ni合金中添加稀土Ce后,进行熔炼及热处理试验,再通过室温拉伸、导电率试验和金相观察,研究了微量Ce对铸态Cu-3.0Si-2.0Ni合金组织与性能的影响.结果表明：铸态合金晶粒随着Ce含量的升高呈现先减小后递增的趋势;铸态合金的抗拉强度和导电性随着Ce的增加分别先升高后减低;当Ce的质量分数为0.06%时,铸态合金的抗拉强度最高、导电性最强.     

高压固溶处理对AZ91D铸造镁合金组织的影响

采用高压设备对AZ91D铸造镁合金进行高压固溶处理,研究高压固溶处理对AZ91D铸造镁合金组织的影响。研究结果表明,高压固溶处理可显著细化AZ91D铸造镁合金的晶粒,平均晶粒尺寸为58μm。同时,在晶粒内部,可见互相平行或交叉的孪晶,孪晶的厚度为1~5μm。高压固溶处理后的组织仍由α-Mg和β-Mg17Al12相组成,但是β-Mg17Al12相主要是以颗粒状分布于晶界。     

AZ91D镁合金组织细化及其对部分重熔半固态组织的影响

通过对熔体进行高强度剪切处理,研究了其对AZ91D镁合金的组织细化作用,获得了不同的铸锭组织,并研究了铸锭初始组织对二次加热后组织的影响.结果表明,熔体高强度剪切处理具有显著的晶粒细化作用,在650℃对熔体高强度剪切处理后,AZ91D镁合金铸锭平均晶粒尺寸由500μm降到170μm.降低熔体处理温度至605℃,组织得到进一步细化,平均晶粒尺寸约为60μm.原始组织大小对二次加热后组织的大小、液相分布具有重要的影响.熔体高强度剪切处理对AZ91D镁合金铸锭的晶粒细化作用在二次加热后能够基本保留下来.在相同的加热条件下,均匀细小的原始组织有利于获得更高的有效液相分数和更趋于球形的晶粒组织.     

Synergistic effect of Al and Gd on enhancement of mechanical properties of magnesium alloys

The effect of Gd/Al ratio on the properties of as-cast Mg-Gd-Al-Zn alloys was investigated by changing the chemical composition from that of AZ61 to GZ61. At the ratio of 1, the Al2Gd phase becomes predominant and Mg17Al12 is hardly seen in the microstructure. As a potent inoculant, the Al2Gd phase resulted in intense grain refinement and enhancement of strength, ductility and toughness. For instance, the tensile strength and elongation to failure of Mg-3Gd-3Al-1Zn alloy were enhanced by ~4% and 180% compared with those of AZ61 alloy, respectively. However, at high Gd/Al ratios, the Al2Gd phase was replaced by (Mg,Al)3Gd and Mg5Gd phases and very large grain sizes were achieved, which led to poor tensile properties and the appearance of cleavage facets on the fracture surfaces. Therefore, it can be deduced that the presence of Gd and Al, in appropriate amounts to reach Gd/Al ratio of ~ 1, is required for the achievement of grain refinement, good ductility, high strength, and the appearance of ductile fracture surfaces in the Mg-Gd-Al-Zn system. Conclusively, the Mg-Gd-Al-Zn alloys can be considered as a new class of structural magnesium alloy and it is superior to both AZ (Mg-Al-Zn) and GZ (Mg-Gd-Zn) series of alloys.     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金微合金化的研究进展

就单一合金元素及复合多种合金元素对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金的铸态组织、析出相、力学性能及腐蚀性能的影响进行综述。单独加入稀土元素Er,Ce,Ho,Sc等,可以净化基体,使合金熔铸缺陷明显减少,细化晶粒,促进合金元素在基体中的固溶,使晶界减少偏析;单独加入微量的Zr,可以提高合金的再结晶温度,抗拉强度,应力腐蚀能力;复合添加稀土及其他微量合金元素,对提高铝合金的综合性能更为有效。     

稀土对锌—铝—铜合金组织性能的影响

在Zn-Al-Cu合金中加入不同含量的稀土元素,研究其对合金中各相的形成过程及合金性能的影响,研究结果表明,稀土的加入可以细化晶粒,其中以稀土加入量0.06％时性能最佳。     

Al-Cr中间合金在熔融Al-Zn-Mg-Si-Fe镀液中的扩散反应研究

以Al-Cr中间合金锭和熔融Al-Zn-Mg-Si-Fe镀液为研究对象,研究了Al-Cr中间合金锭浸入含不同质量分数Fe的630 ℃熔融镀液15 h的扩散反应。使用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪分析了扩散前后Al-Cr中间合金锭组织和成分的变化,同时研究了镀液中Fe质量分数对Cr溶解度的影响。研究发现,随着镀液中的Zn、Mg、Si、Fe长时间向Al-Cr锭内部扩散,Al-Cr锭中原有的Al基体的组织转变成了与镀液成分相近的组织,原有的富Cr第二相转变成了Al-Cr-Zn-Si相和Al-(Fe, Cr)-Si相。随着Al-Cr锭中的Cr向镀液扩散,镀液中Cr质量分数升高,并在5 h后达到饱和。由于Cr和Al、Fe、Si优先形成了Al-(Fe, Cr)-Si金属间化合物,因此镀液中的Fe显著降低了Cr元素的饱和溶解度,当镀液Fe质量分数由0.10%增加至0.42%时,镀液中Cr质量分数由0.047%～0.059%减少至0.012%～0.016%。     

稀土对时效-回归-再时效处理的Al-Zn-Mg合金硬度和氢脆的影响

将少量稀土元素添加到Al-Zn-Mg合金中进行时效-回 归-再时效处理.利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射对该合金的显微结构和沉淀相进行了观察和研究. 结果表明, 经过时效-回归-再时效处理后, 稀土Al-Zn-Mg合金的晶粒尺寸减小, 沉淀相MgZn₂增加, 同时, 峰时效硬度和氢脆阻力增强.     

AZ91铸造镁合金屈服行为实验研究

摘要：在室温下,本文通过压剪试件（SCS）法对AZ91铸造镁合金进行不同加载速率下（4.8/48/480mm/min）的复合压剪实验,对AZ91铸造镁合金复杂应力状态下的力学行为进行研究。再结合单轴拉伸实验、单轴压缩实验和“帽型”试件剪切实验的结果,得到AZ91铸造镁合金的实验初始屈服面。通过实验,以及实验屈服面、Ellipse准则理论屈服面和极限应变能强度理论（LESET）屈服面的比较,可以发现：在本文研究的应变速率范围内（0.01～1s-1）,AZ91铸造镁合金弹性阶段具有明显的应变率负敏感性,初始屈服强度随着应变速率的增大而减小;Ellipse准则对AZ91镁合金屈服的判定优于LESET,可以比较准确的描述AZ91铸造镁合金在复合压剪应力状态下的屈服行为;由实验屈服面和Ellipse准则理论屈服面可以初步判断,正应力对AZ91铸造镁合金的屈服具有促进作用,而静水压力对其有抑制作用。