橡胶颗粒沥青路面的除冰机理

为分析橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的除冰机理,研究冰的物理力学性质,通过分析橡胶颗粒沥青路面上冰层破坏的断裂力学,提出应变能密度因子准则作为判断冰层破坏的依据;针对不同温度、不同厚度的冰层,分析弹性模量与除冰效果之间的关系,得到不同弹性模量下的路表面最大变形量;研究超载情况下冰层的受力和变形情况以及弹性模量与除冰效果之间的关系;采用车辙仪法进行室内除冰模拟试验.研究结果表明:混合型断裂破坏是冰层破坏的主要形式,表现为复合型裂纹发生失稳扩展,呈一定辐射状分布,在行车荷载反复作用下,区域裂纹充分扩展或者裂纹分布密度达到一定饱和程度,进而引起冰的局部破碎;随着外界温度升高、冰层厚度减少和行车荷载增大,路表最大竖向位移和能够除冰的橡胶颗粒沥青混合料弹性模量逐渐增大,除冰效果越好;室内除冰模拟试验结果与理论分析结果较吻合,证明了理论分析的可靠性.     

基于CT技术的沥青混合料细观有限元建模和网格离散研究

借助工业CT扫描技术对于沥青混合料的细观组成进行扫描,并将扫描后的图片通过图形识别处理进而实现了沥青混合料中的胶浆二维几何形状重构和空间分布的确定,并通过设置临界值的方法剔除了可能影响沥青混合料材料细观有限元模型网格划分的骨料和空隙几何信息,最终结合有限元方法实现了半自动的沥青混合料细观尺度上的有限元网格离散化的流程.从而为分析沥青混合料细观力学特性的研究提供了可行的建模方法,也为从细观角度了解沥青混合料的各类力学特性提供了一个有限元模型平台.     

考虑矿粉相互作用的沥青胶浆细观预测模型

为了更好地表征沥青基材料细观力学模型中各组分相互作用,基于Ju和Chen提出的双球形颗粒相互作用近似解答,采用径向分布相关函数Y(g)表征颗粒间相互作用,应用黏弹性对应原理和Prony级数的黏弹性参数转换,建立了考虑矿粉相互作用的沥青胶浆细观力学模型(J-C模型),应用该模型对不同矿粉体积分数下沥青胶浆的动态剪切模量主曲线进行预测,并通过试验对预测值进行了验证。结果表明,矿粉体积分数为10%~40%时,预测值与试验值较为吻合。随着矿粉体积分数的继续增加,矿粉相互作用增强,Y(g)值随之增大,与其他2种细观力学模型(M-T模型和C-L模型)的预测值比较,M-T模型的预测值偏低,C-L模型的预测值介于J-C模型Y(g)值为1/12~1/8的预测值之间,并且J-C模型的预测值可通过Y(g)值进行有效控制,以适用于不同条件下沥青胶浆及其他沥青基材料的黏弹性能预测。     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料疲劳性能影响因素分析

通过室内小梁弯曲疲劳试验,对影响橡胶颗粒沥青混合料疲劳性能的因素进行了研究.采用方差法分析各因素的显著性,得到不同试验条件下的疲劳寿命预估模型.研究结果表明:混合料的疲劳寿命在一定范围内随温度升高而逐渐降低;随沥青用量、橡胶颗粒掺量的增加疲劳寿命先增大后减小;沥青的针入度越大,软化点越小,混合料的疲劳寿命越低;各因素对疲劳寿命的影响顺序为:温度橡胶颗粒掺量沥青种类沥青用量.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温性能影响因素研究

通过对橡胶颗粒沥青混合料进行低温弯曲试验,并运用统计学检验和灰熵法对试验结果进行分析。结果表明:对于不同掺量橡胶颗粒的沥青混合料,掺加3%橡胶颗粒能显著提高沥青混合料的低温性能,其灰熵关联度顺序为:沥青用量>流值>毛体积密度>空隙率。     

温度和粉胶比对沥青胶浆低温性能的影响研究

沥青胶浆的低温流变性能直接影响到沥青路面的低温抗裂性能,本文采用SHRP仪器弯梁流变仪（BBR）和直接拉伸仪（DTT）对沥青胶浆的低温性能进行分析,试验研究了温度和粉胶比对沥青胶浆低温性能的影响。结果表明：温度和粉胶比与沥青胶浆的低温流变特性有较明显的相关关系,对沥青混合料低温性能有重要影响。     

周期性边界条件下炭黑增强橡胶基复合材料有效弹性性能数值模拟

基于周期性边界条件建立具有随机分布形态的代表性体积单元,通过细观力学有限元方法对炭黑颗粒填充橡胶复合材料的宏观力学行为进行模拟仿真.重点分析圆形和方形炭黑填料粒子模型的变形场和应力场,以及炭黑填料的体积分数对复合材料有效弹性模量的影响规律.结果显示:炭黑颗粒的填充显著提升橡胶材料的弹性模量,而且炭黑填充橡胶材料的有效弹性模量随着炭黑含量的增加而增大;在相同的炭黑含量条件下,方形粒子模型对橡胶材料有效弹性模量的预测结果明显高于圆形粒子模型.     

沥青胶浆对沥青混合料高低温性能的影响

在沥青混合料设计中，对沥青胶浆在沥青混合料中的作用认识模糊，并且对沥青胶浆的作用重视不够。按照胶浆理论，将沥青胶浆作为沥青混合料构成中的重要部分，研究了粉胶比变化、纤维对沥青混合料高、低温性能的影响。研究表明，沥青混合料的性能不仅受沥青用量和填料量的影响，更重要的是受填料与沥青相对比例的影响；在沥青混合料设计时应注意结合工程实际作出相应的设计和控制；减少粉胶比，并加入适量纤维，可显著改善沥青混合料的低温柔性的低温松弛能力，同时也使沥青混合料的高温性能得到较大的提高。     

多因素影响纤维沥青胶浆流变性能研究

为了改善沥青路面粘结剂—沥青胶浆的高低温性能,从材料流变学和粘弹性力学出发,采用动态剪切流变仪测定纤维沥青胶浆的相位角和车辙因子,采用弯曲梁流变仪测定沥青胶浆的蠕变劲度和蠕变速率,系统研究了填料种类、纤维种类、纤维掺量和老化程度对沥青胶浆流变性能的影响及其变化规律。研究表明:纤维改善沥青胶浆的高温性能优于水泥和矿粉,但改善沥青的低温性能却次于水泥和矿粉;德兰尼特纤维能较好地提高沥青路面的高温性能,其较小的用量可达到显著的效果;随着纤维掺量的增加,沥青胶浆的高温性能增强,低温性能有所改善,老化后沥青胶浆的高温性能更好,增粘效果更明显。研究成果对合理选择填料种类和比例,提高沥青路面的使用性能具有指导和应用价值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…