展宽角对楔横轧4Cr9Si2气门成形质量的影响

借助刚塑性有限元DEFORM-3D对4Cr9Si2马氏体耐热钢楔横轧成形过程进行了数值模拟,分析了展宽角对楔横轧轧件成形缺陷的影响规律.在楔横轧轧制刚楔入时,轧件的心部受到三向拉应力的作用;展宽角减小,轧件在楔入段时三向拉应力最大值和持续时间增大,使心部缺陷产生的可能性增加;而展宽角减小,金属轴向流动速度加快,使得对称中心在楔入段完成后的直径减小,而轴向力则随着展宽角减小,其数值还有一定的增大,最终将导致对称中心横截面拉细状况的产生;随着展宽角增大,表面螺旋痕将会增加,但展宽角对表面螺旋痕的影响不明显.通过实验验证了有限元的正确性和模拟结果的可靠性.     

展宽角对楔横轧一次成形气门毛坯心部缺陷的影响

以DEFORM-3D 6.0软件为有限元模拟工具,模拟了楔横轧一次成形气门毛坯过程,对不同展宽角下轧件中心点的应力应变场及交变次数进行了研究.在楔横轧H500轧机上进行不同展宽角轧制实验,计算了每个轧件中心孔洞面积,并对其比较分析.结合有限元模拟和实验结果,揭示了展宽角对心部缺陷的影响规律,即相对较大的展宽角有利于改善心部缺陷.实验结果表明：中心孔洞面积随展宽角的增大而减小;在其他参数不变的情况下展宽角取8°40＇有利于改善楔横轧一次成形气门毛坯心部缺陷.     

楔横轧小断面收缩率轧件螺旋组织缺陷研究

轧件发生局部变形是楔横轧的主要工艺特征,尤其小断面收缩率轧件轴向流动能力弱,内外变形差异显著导致楔横轧成形困难.除了容易产生心部破坏缺陷,在轧件表层一定范围内出现的螺旋组织缺陷,也会降低产品的机械性能.本文通过轧制实验,展示出轧件螺旋组织缺陷宏观上呈现为车削后在表层一定深度范围内沿展宽螺旋线分布的亮带,微观上由轧件表面折叠向内部延伸呈带状分布的组织形态.结合有限元数值模拟方法研究了缺陷产生的主要原因,发现由于成形区的金属发生沿展宽负向的金属流动,导致轧件形成沿展宽螺旋线分布的表面折叠和小轴向应变带.同时,螺旋带附近较大的径向压缩使轧件由表面向内部沿折叠裂纹方向组织具有方向性.采用对模具楔尖倒圆角局部改善金属沿负展宽方向的轴向流动,可以既消除表层螺旋组织缺陷,又避免轧件心部损伤风险,使成形质量满足使用要求.经实验验证,确定了模具楔尖圆角的最优取值.     

工艺参数对楔横轧4Cr9Si2表面螺旋痕的影响

借助DEFORM软件对4Cr9Si2楔横轧成形过程进行了数值模拟,分析了工艺参数对楔横轧4Cr9Si2轧件表面螺旋痕影响规律.结果表明:轧件表面螺旋痕是轧件在成形过程中产生应力状态改变而产生的缺陷.随着成形角增大,表面螺旋痕深度将增加;随着楔尖圆角增大,表面螺旋痕将迅速降低;展宽角对表面螺旋痕影响较小;断面收缩率减小,塑性变形量小,表面螺旋痕将减轻.通过实验验证了有限元模拟的正确性.最后对某型气门进行了模拟和实验,当Ψ=70.84%时,在α=32°,β=7.5°,R=12mm下得到了表面无螺旋痕气门.     

成形角对楔横轧21-4N合金钢气门心部质量的影响

基于气门二次楔轧制原理,采用DEFORM-3D有限元软件研究了成形角改变时轧件心部应力和应变的变化规律,分析了成形角对楔横轧21-4N合金钢气门心部质量的影响.结果表明:随着成形角的增大,轧件心部的应力状态和应变状态更为合理,有利于防止心部疏松.相应的轧制实验结果验证了这个结果.     

成形角对楔横轧21-4N合金钢气门心部质量的影响

基于气门二次楔轧制原理,采用DEFORM-3D有限元软件研究了成形角改变时轧件心部应力和应变的变化规律,分析了成形角对楔横轧21-4N合金钢气门心部质量的影响.结果表明:随着成形角的增大,轧件心部的应力状态和应变状态更为合理,有利于防止心部疏松.相应的轧制实验结果验证了这个结果.     

轧制参数对楔横轧变截面等内径空心轴晶粒粒径的影响

为了得到楔横轧变截面等内径空心轴的微观组织演变规律,借助刚塑性有限元软件DEFORM-3D,建立楔横轧热-力-微观组织耦合的有限元模型,对轧制过程的微观组织演变过程进行数值模拟,研究原始相对壁厚、成形角和展宽角对轧件平均晶粒粒径的影响规律。研究结果表明:轧件平均晶粒粒径随坯料原始相对壁厚Q的减小而减小,随着成形角α的减小而减小,随着展宽角β的增大先减小后增大。综合楔横轧空心轴内孔椭圆度和平均晶粒粒径的影响,原始相对壁厚Q=0.625、成形角α=40°、展宽角β=3°为最优的轧制参数,建立的有限元模型具有可靠性。     

工艺参数对楔横轧多楔轧制成形机理影响分析

针对楔横轧多楔精密轧制长轴类零件中工艺参数的确定主要依靠经验、轧件缺陷频繁发生的难题,采用自主开发的多楔命令流有限元程序对多楔轧制过程进行有限元数值模拟,从理论上较详细分析成形角、展宽角和断面收缩率三个主要工艺参数对轧件内部等效应力、应变和轴向位移的影响,得到其相应的变化规律,并对断面收缩率对轴向位移的影响规律进行实验验证.     

楔横轧展宽长度对极限断面收缩率影响机理分析

为了探索楔横轧展宽长度和极限断面收缩率的关系,并进一步揭示其影响机理,做了不同展宽长度下的极限面收缩率实验,并利用有限元数值方法对典型工况展宽阶段轧制接触区温度变化情况进行了模拟,进而推导出展宽过程中轧制接触区变形抗力的变化情况,并采用轧制实验中测得的力能参数做了验证.得到展宽长度越大,可获得的极限断面收缩率越小的原因为:展宽变形时间变长,轧件轧制接触区温度下降,从而使变形抗力增大,轧件杆部横截面所受轴向应力随之增大,导致轧件杆部较容易发生缩颈.     

三辊楔横轧应力应变场对内部缺陷的影响

采用有限元数值模拟方法,比较分析了三辊楔横轧与两辊楔横轧轧件内部缺陷的产生几率和存在形式. 根据轧件内部的应力应变状态,阐述了三辊轧制轧件中心点缺陷产生可能性较小和断裂呈环向裂纹的原因. 分析表明,三辊楔横轧轧制工艺在轧件心部成形质量上具有明显的优势.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to