利用藻类去除电镀废水中重金属的实验研究

用正交实验分析温度、金属浓度等因素对3种藻粉(小球藻粉、螺旋藻粉、海带粉)吸附电镀废水中重金属(Pb2 、Cu2 、Zn2 )的影响,同时比较活藻和藻粉对重金属的吸附量.研究结果表明:藻粉和活藻对3种重金属的吸附量顺序均为Pb2 》Cu2 》Zn2 ,3种藻粉在温度为40℃,浓度为6 mmol/L时均达到最大吸附量,每种藻粉对金属的吸附量与重金属溶液浓度呈正相关.死藻对重金属的吸附量明显大于活藻,死藻在工业上运用更具优势.     

Cu^2＋、Pb^2＋和Zn^2＋对大型潘的单一及联合毒性效应

重金属的复合污染毒性效应研究在生态环境评价中具有重要的实践意义．本研究以大型潘为试验材料,通过静水生物测试法,研究Cu^2＋、Pb^2＋和Zn^2＋三种金属离子对其的单一毒性及联合毒性效应．单一毒性实验结果表明,Cu^2＋、Pb^2＋和Zn^2＋对大型溢的毒性大小顺序为Cu^2＋〉Pb^2＋〉Zn^2＋联合毒性实验结果表明,Cu^2＋-Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋-Ph^2＋和Cu^2＋-Pb^2＋-Zn^2＋三组的联合毒性均表现为协同作用,Ph^2＋-Zn^2＋的联合毒性表现为拮抗作用．联合毒性与毒物的组合有关,与毒物配比和暴露时间没有关系．     

污泥活性炭去除废水中重金属效果的研究

在室内模拟条件下研究了重金属离子浓度、吸附时间、废水pH值、温度和固液比等因素对污泥活性炭去除废水中重金属的影响.结果表明：Cd2＋浓度为40 mg·L^-1、Zn^2＋浓度为10 mg· L^-1、Pb2＋浓度为10 mg·L^-1、Cu^2＋浓度30 mg·L^-1,吸附90 min,pH值为4,温度为25℃,固液比为10g·L^-1的条件下,污泥活性炭对废水中Cd^2＋、Zn^2＋、Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋的去除效果最佳,去除率均在53％以上.     

底栖硅藻新月筒柱藻对锌胁迫的生理学效应

采用流式细胞仪检测细胞增长与色素含量、原子火焰吸收光谱法测定金属含量以及显微镜观察细胞状态等方法研究了红树林底栖硅藻新月筒柱藻（Cylindrotheca clostetium（Ehr．）Reimann and Lewin）暴露在重金属锌96h内的细胞增长、光合色素含量和细胞形态结构等胁迫效应，以及锌在藻细胞内外动态分布的情况．结果为：（1）在Zn^2＋浓度小于10mg／L范围内，锌对新月筒柱藻的细胞增长和色素含量均无显著抑制作用．（2）1mg／L和10mg／L的Zn^2＋对藻细胞内的叶黄素和叶绿素a的产生都有促进作用．（3）在实验开始的24h内，藻细胞处在低Zn^2＋浓度（1mg／L）时，藻细胞胞内吸收的Zn^2＋大于胞外吸附的Zn^2＋．而藻细胞处在高Zn^2＋浓度（10mg／L）时，胞外吸附的Zn^2＋较胞内吸收的大，细胞内Zn^2＋的含量处在较低水平，从而促进细胞的增长和色素的合成并使细胞免受外界高浓度锌的毒害．可见，新月筒柱藻正是通过改变对锌的富集方式，以保持细胞内锌含量的相对稳定来适应不同浓度锌的胁迫．     

可溶性甲壳素对金属离子吸附的研究

用可溶性甲壳素对Fe^3 、Cu^2 、Zn^2 、Pb^2 溶液进行吸附实验。结果表明其对Fe^3 的吸附率随温度升高而增加，对Cu^2 的吸附率与温度变化关系不大，Zn^2 、Pb^2 随温度升高吸附率逐渐降低。     

黄河沉积物中重金属离子的形态转化及释放研究

以黄河包头段上游清洁河段的沉积物为吸附剂,以Pb^2 、Cu^2 、Zn^2 、Cd^2 等多离子溶液为吸附质,开展了重金属离子被黄河沉积物吸附后的再释放,以及吸附作用对重金属形态转化的影响等实验研究．结果表明,重金属离子被黄河沉积物吸附后,各元素均不转入残渣态,Cu^2 和Zn^2 主要向碳酸盐结合态及铁锰氧化物结合态转化,Pb^2 主要向碳酸盐结合态和可交换态转化;Cd^2 主要转入可交换态和碳酸盐结合态．吸附后的赋存形态决定了Cd^2 的释放量及释放能力远远大于其它3种重金属离子,由Cd^2 排放引起的污染不易消除且影响长久．     

环境因子对海藻吸附重金属的影响

探讨了环境因子pH、离子强度对两种常见大型海藻马尾藻(Sargassum fusiforme)和海带(Laminaria japonica)吸附重金属离子(Cu^2 、Pb^2 、Cd^2 、Ni^2 )的影响．结果表明．马尾藻对Cu^2 、Pb^2 、Cd^2 的吸附的最佳pH范围为4～6；对Ni^2 的最佳pH范围为5～6；海带对Cu^2 、Pb^2 的吸附的最佳pH范围为4～6；对Cd^2 、Ni^2 的最佳pH范围为5～6；一定的条件下，藻粉对重金属离子的吸附率随离子强度的升高而降低，这主要是溶液中共存离子参与吸附位点的竞争或负离子的空间阻碍导致的．     

不同浓度组合的镉、铅在不同污染负荷土壤中的吸附-解吸动力学行为

采用批实验法对沈阳张士灌区2种不同重金属污染负荷的土壤（A清洁土壤；B高污染土壤）中不同浓度组合的Cd^2＋和Pb^2＋的吸附．解吸动力学行为进行比较研究．结果表明，清洁土壤A对Cd^2＋和Pb^2＋的吸附能力高于高污染负荷土壤B．Elovich方程是描述这2种土壤Cd^2＋和Pb^2＋吸附动力学行为的最优模型，其次为双常数方程，最差模型是一级动力学方程．2种土壤Cd^2＋、Pb^2＋的解吸速率随重金属初始浓度增加而增加，随解吸时间的延长而不断降低．描述这2种土壤Cd^2＋、Pb^2＋解吸动力学过程的最优模型为Elovich方程，其次为双常数方程，而一级动力学方程拟合效果不佳．     

活性污泥对重金属离子的吸附研究

采用活性污泥为吸附剂,对3种重金属离子Cd^2＋、Zn^2＋和Cd^2＋进行吸附．结果表明,活性污泥对重金属离子吸附很快,前4min时的去除率和吸附量上升最快;常温范围内,温度对活性污泥吸附金属的影响并不显著,而体系PH值和吸附剂投加量的影响较为重要,活性污泥对3种重金属离子的吸附都符合Langmuir模型．     

根系分泌物对重金属Pb^2＋吸附影响研究

采用温室培养实验方法研究了小麦根系分泌物在不同实验条件下对重金属Pb^2＋的吸附的影响。结果表明：小麦根系分泌物对Pb^2＋有良好的吸附效果,且吸附过程随条件改变而发生变化;吸附量随光照时间先增加后趋于平衡;不同光照强度下小麦根系分泌物对Pb^2＋的吸附的影响很复杂;吸附效果随着温度的升高先增加后缓慢减小;随着CO（NH2）2浓度的增大小麦根系分泌物对Pb^2＋的吸附量逐步增加,在浓度为0.5%时,达到最高值。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.