负荷开关-熔断器组合电器的继电保护

带分励脱扣器的负荷开关—熔断器组合电器,配适当的继电保护,在熔断器熔断前由负荷开关分断负载,实现无需损坏熔断器就能达到过负荷保护的目的,熔断器仅作为短路保护,是比较理想的运行方式。     

钢丝脆断后钢绞线吊杆对称断丝力学行为

基于断丝前后吊杆两端边界位移约束条件不变的相容条件,确立对称钢丝脆断后钢绞线吊杆截面内力重分布规律,并推导对称断丝后钢丝应变与影响长度、吊杆拉力损失率之间的关系表达式.结果表明:对称断丝后,在影响长度内各钢丝拉力分布不均匀,与断丝相邻的外层未断钢丝拉力增大,而与断丝相对的钢丝拉力减小,其余钢丝拉力变化不显著;在影响长度外,各钢丝拉力分布又变为均匀.随到断裂处距离的增加,断丝拉力呈指数或线性增加,而与断丝相邻钢丝则呈指数或线性衰减.在影响长度范围内,钢绞线拉力损失率基本为一限值,略低于钢绞线内钢丝断丝率,而护套握裹力、摩擦力等对吊杆内力重分布影响显著.     

拱桥钢绞线吊杆不对称断丝后的力学行为

基于断丝前后吊杆两端边界位移约束条件不变的相容条件,建立了不对称断丝后钢绞线吊杆的损伤力学模型,并推导了不对称断丝后钢丝应变与影响长度、吊杆拉力损失率之间关系的表达式.结果表明:不对称断丝后,在影响长度内各钢丝拉力分布不均匀,与断丝相邻的外层未断钢丝拉力增大,其余钢丝拉力变化与断丝形式显著相关,在影响长度外各钢丝拉力分布又变为均匀;随着到断裂处距离的增加,断丝拉力呈指数或线性增加,而与断丝相邻钢丝拉力则呈指数衰减.在影响长度范围内,钢绞线拉力损失率基本为一限值,略高于钢绞线内钢丝断丝率,而护套握裹力、摩擦力等对吊杆内力重分布影响显著.     

D_G~CHR_1熔断器开关功能单元

由浙江电除尘器总厂开发成功的“D_G~CHR_1熔断器开关功能单元”是在解剖引进国外样机的基础上,自己设计研制的一种新型三相熔断器组合式开关。该开关具有快速接通和分断的机械机构,适用于频率50(60)Hz,额定绝缘电压660V,额定工作电压380V,通断电动机负载或其它高电感性负载,高短路电流和一般的供配电电路中作电源开关之用。该开关与同类产品     

直流系统断路器通断特性的研究应用

该文通过对直流保护电器的通断特性的研究,以及国家电网公司对于新装和运行中的直流保护电器的相关规定,提出了研制变电站额定电流100A以下等级直流断路器、熔断器分断力和级差配合的硬件装置,并提出了设计流程,同时通过测试、仿真分析、实验等技术措施针对直流断路器和断路器之间、直流断路器和熔断器之间、熔断器和熔断器之间进行级差配合的及具体的设计方案。因变电站直流系统的供电内容多,回路又分布广,往往有许多支路在一个直流网络中需要设置断路器或熔断器来进行保护,并分成三到四级串联,其它馈电线路引起断电事故的原因是当下级用电设备在直流系统运行过程中出现了短路故障时,会经常性地引起上一级直流断路器越级跳闸,造成通讯中断、调度瘫痪和变电站一次设备如高压开关、变压器、电容器等的事故。     

浅谈电气开关故障的检查及其处理

本文针对螺旋式熔断器弧前时间、燃弧时间过长，瞬态恢复电压过低，飞弧过大，约定不熔断电流、约定电流值、分断能力不能满足使用要求，提出了可以在选材的时候，对待选石英砂进行磁选、擦洗脱泥并用标准筛过筛等方法。这些方法可以有效提高石英砂的纯度，从而提高螺旋式熔断器保护的可靠性，进一步加强了熔断器对电气设备的保护。     

超高速充液旋压时轴向拉力和断管分析

系统分析了超高速充液旋压内螺旋翅片过程中轴向拉力和断管倾向 .改善入口模区和旋压区管内 (外 )润滑条件 ,优化入口模和挡头结构 ,精确控制旋压量大小是减少轴向拉力及其断管倾向的主要措施 .旋压量增大时轴向拉力增大 ,当旋压量超过临界值时轴向拉力随旋压量增加而急剧增大 .入口模锥角对轴向拉力的影响十分明显 ,在入口模锥角13°时 ,轴向拉力最小 ,随着入口模锥角的增大或减少 ,轴向拉力均会增大 .     

电容器组中熔断器非短路开断的电气特性

外熔断器是直接与电容器串联的保护器件,实际运行中,熔断器自身的非短路开断是电容器组附件中故障率最高的.目前广泛应用于电力系统的并联电容器组普遍采用分体框架式结构,由多台电容器联接成双星形后再接入电力系统.文中分析了开断过程的电气特性,推导了开断时的等效电气模型,得到了故障过程中电容器组的各支路电压及电流的相位规律,利用并联电容器组实时监测装置的故障记录数据验证了分析的正确性,并提出了降低熔断器引起电容器组故障率的建议.     

桥梁半平行钢丝索的非对称断丝损伤力学模型

桥梁用半平行钢丝索由于外层钢丝的螺旋外形和特殊构造,不能直接应用基于平行钢丝假定的并联模型或钢绞线模型进行力学分析.基于Love曲杆理论,考虑非对称断丝引起的垂直于拉索轴向的侧向位移,以及钢丝间的接触力和摩擦力的影响,建立静力拉伸荷载下半平行钢丝索的非对称断丝力学模型,通过数值计算和参数分析,研究断丝后索体内钢丝拉力分布规律及其影响因素.结果表明,非对称断丝引起明显的钢丝拉力不均匀分布,钢丝间摩擦系数、断丝径向位置对钢丝拉力分布影响最大.     

桥梁半平行钢丝索的对称断丝损伤力学模型

基于Love曲杆理论,考虑钢丝间的接触力、摩擦力和泊松效应对钢丝螺旋半径的影响,建立静力拉伸荷载下半平行钢丝索的对称断丝力学模型,并通过数值计算和参数分析研究断丝后索体内钢丝拉力分布规律.结果表明:钢丝间摩擦系数、断丝径向位置对钢丝拉力分布影响最大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the