余热直接利用型燃气机热泵变转速特性实验研究

针对带有直接利用余热装置的燃气机热泵系统发动机的变转速特性,在搭建的余热直接利用型燃气机热泵系统实验台上,对发动机转速为1 400～2 000 r/min的燃气机热泵系统的特性进行了实验研究.结果表明:随转速的增加,一次能源利用率(PER)呈现先平缓增加后快速下降的趋势,当转速在1 400～1 800 r/min的范围内时,PER值维持在1.34以上,变动幅度仅为2.3％,说明在此转速范围内且满足负荷的情况下,系统运转更为高效;在实验参数范围内,系统平均余热利用率达到83.5％,余热在制热量中的份额随转速的提高持续增加;低转速下余热份额减少,但此时较高的制热性能系数(COP)会补偿这一缺失,使得系统在1 400 r/min附近的PER最高.该结果可为研究发动机余热的有效回收、利用以提高能源利用效率提供参考.     

带储能单元的燃气机热泵供暖季运行分析

针对冬季建筑热负荷典型日逐时变化特点以及燃气机热泵系统运行特性,提出将储能单元应用于燃气机热泵系统,建立了系统热平衡模型及评价指标,基于建筑热负荷波动范围设计了储能单元储放能策略及系统工作模式分区(Mode L,P,F,O),对系统进行了实验测试,结果表明加入储能单元后燃气发动机可一直运行在经济转速范围(1,200~2,000,r/min)内,系统日均一次能源利用率(PERh)为1.48,较传统燃气机热泵系统PERh提升了4.2%,,燃料消耗量减少12.5%,,较好地平衡了燃气机热泵系统制热量与建筑实时热负荷间的供需关系.     

燃气机热泵系统的制冷性能

对燃气发动机驱动的空气．水热泵系统进行了制冷性能的实验研究．在充分回收发动机余热的情况下,在大范围工况下对影响系统性能的几个重要因素即蒸发器进水温度、蒸发器进水流量、燃气发动机转速以及环境温度等进行了实验研究．结果表明：环境温度31．2℃,蒸发器进水温度由12℃升高到23℃时,室内侧制冷量增加20．4％,系统一次能源利用率提高13.2％;另一方面,当发动机转速由1300dmin升高到190Cr／min时,系统一次能源利用率先增加15．2％,而后降低7．5％,在1600r／min出现峰值．最后获得燃气机热泵系统制冷的最优工况．     

内燃机独立供能系统的性能实验

基于能量综合梯级利用理论提出了一种全新的能量供给系统形式——内燃机独立供能系统.介绍了系统的工作原理和特点.建造了实验样机,介绍了实验样机的系统组成.利用实验样机进行了详细的发动机性能实验、余热回收利用实验和内燃机独立供能系统总体特性实验.研究结果表明:所选用发动机具有较好的性能,能够满足内燃机独立供能系统的使用要求;设置的余热回收利用系统能够有效地回收发动机工作过程中产生的余热,随着发动机转速的提高,余热回收量增加,但余热利用率下降;系统总体性能较好,有较高的COP和COPz,系统的一次能源利用率大部分都在1以上,说明系统具有优越的变工况运行性能和较高的能源综合利用效率.     

不结霜燃气机热泵的建模与性能分析

不结霜燃气机热泵将发动机废热收集起来,一部分引入空调房间直接供暖,一部分引向室外蒸发器参与换热。建立了不结霜燃气机热泵的数学模型,通过系统模型的求解分析了不结霜燃气机热泵的性能结果表明：不结霜热泵的性能受室外温度湿度的影响明显小于常规热泵,能量利用率高,性能系数最大可达到5.00,系统的最高一次能源利用率为1.97;废热热水不但能够直接向房间辅助供暖,还能提高系统的蒸发温度,防止系统的蒸发器结霜,提高系统的性能系数和一次能源利用率;不结霜燃气机热泵系统具有较高的能源利用效率和较好的节能环保效果。     

制冷热泵装置毛细管组件及其应用特性研究

研究一种新型结构的毛细管组件,可克服传统毛细管流量变化单一的缺点,并通过优化设计其结构,使其具有较灵活的流量变化特性.采用均相流模型,对普通毛细管与毛细管组件在变工况、变工作模式下的流量变化规律进行了对比计算.计算表明,毛细管组件可较好地满足制冷热泵装置流量变化的需求.建立R22制冷热泵实验装置,对毛细管组件的应用特性进行了实验研究.结果表明,在典型工况下,当制冷负荷和制热负荷不同时,毛细管组件能提供不同的制冷剂流量,与相应的冷热负荷相匹配.     

家用燃气热泵系统变环境温度性能分析

为了从理论上研究系统在环境温度改变时的运行特性,需要耦合系统各个部件的数学模型来确定系统的运行性能.在采用已有数据的基础上,对系统部件的运行参数进行拟合,建立起一组表示部件特性的经验关联式,进而联立求解,得到系统变工况下的运行特性.结果表明:在夏季温度为33~35℃、冬季温度为0~5℃时系统的运行性能最佳;当环境温度向两端偏离最佳温度区域时,都将导致有效燃气消耗率增加,一次能源利用率降低;制热工况一次能源利用率高于制冷工况,其最大值约是制冷工况最大值的1.7倍.     

采用R1234yf制冷剂的汽车超低温强化补气热泵空调性能

本文提出一种基于强化补气(EVI)技术的汽车超低温热泵空调系统,采用新型低全球变暖潜能值(GWP)的R1234yf制冷剂作为运行工质,并与传统制冷剂R134a进行性能对比测试与热泵系统优化.在-20℃超低温环境中,该热泵系统制热量与制热能效比(COP)可达2 kW与2.0以上,相较于传统热泵分别提升了30%与14%,可以满足低温环境下乘员舱的制热需求.采用R1234yf制冷剂的热泵系统的制热性能虽比采用R134a制冷剂的热泵系统略有不足但基本持平,且强化补气的效果优于R134a制冷剂.此外,增大内部冷凝器面积、优化室外换热器与压缩机等部件均可显著提升热泵空调系统的性能与能效.     

电动汽车空调制热系统设计及研究

针对纯电动汽车空调系统制热功耗高且低温环境工况下制热效果差的问题,提出一种通过回收电机余热为乘客舱制热来减少制热功耗的空调系统.运用AMESim软件建立了电机余热循环系统模型并通过电机余热制热试验验证了该模型的准确性,建立了热泵空调制热系统模型并通过热泵空调制热试验验证了该模型的准确性,结合两个系统建立了带有电机余热回收的热泵空调系统仿真模型,分析了电机余热制热性能和电机余热辅助热泵空调制热性能.试验结果表明,电机余热单独制热在中等车速、环境温度高于10℃的工况下能够满足制热需求;电机余热辅助热泵空调制热能够有效提高制热效率,在电机转速为3000 r/min、压缩机转速为4000 r/min、环境温度为-5℃的工况下,等效制热能效比能够达到3.4,比同工况下热泵空调单独制热模式的能效比提高了约48％.该系统可以有效提高纯电动汽车的能源利用率,改善空调系统的制热性能.     

基于最优扭矩控制策略的混合动力燃气热泵经济性分析

针对燃气热泵运行时发动机工况偏离标定区从而导致系统运行效率降低的问题,提出利用磷酸铁锂电池作为辅助动力源的混合动力燃气热泵系统。采用理论与实验相结合的方法建立了系统的数学模型,并以发动机最优扭矩为优化目标,分析3种工作模式下的扭矩分配和热效率变化,在此基础上,将电池荷电状态等效转换,以总燃气消耗量评价混合动力系统的经济性。研究结果表明:在不同运行模式下,发动机扭矩维持在28.3～31.3 N·m,热效率保持在25.0%以上;随着发动机转速从750 r/min增加到2 400 r/min,系统的燃气消耗量为2.93 kg,相比于普通的燃气热泵系统,燃气消耗量减少约31.9%。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to