九种铁线蕨属植物对中国主要城市的气候适应性研究

蕨类植物铁线蕨科中的假鞭叶铁线蕨(Adiantum malesianum)、灰背铁线蕨(A.myriosorum)、团羽铁线蕨(A.capillus-junonis)、铁线蕨(A.capillus-veneris)、鞭叶铁线蕨(A.caudatum)、白背铁线蕨(A.davadii)、月牙铁线蕨(A.deentulum)、普通铁线蕨(A.edgeworthii)、肾盖铁线蕨(A.erythrochlamys)等9种植物具有较高的观赏价值,在城市景观和绿化建设方面具有潜在的应用前景.了解它们对我国34个省会城市(含2个特别行政区,下同)的气候适应特点,可为这些种类的栽培及推广应用提供理论指导.应用基于RCP45二氧化碳排放情景下的11个当前生物气候数据,以及假鞭叶铁线蕨等9种铁线蕨属观赏蕨类在中国的694个分布记录,应用Max Ent模型和Arc Gis9.3软件,定量地预测了它们在我国的潜在分布范围,计测了它们对各省会城市的气候适应指数.结果表明,9种铁线蕨属植物在我国34个省会城市的气候适应能力有较大差异.假鞭叶铁线蕨、灰背铁线蕨、团羽铁线蕨、铁线蕨、月牙铁线蕨、普通铁线蕨在中国西南地区(四川东南部、重庆、云南、贵州)气候适应性很好,潜在分布范围广;假鞭叶铁线蕨、团羽铁线蕨、铁线蕨、鞭叶铁线蕨对中国华南地区的气候条件有较高的适应性;灰背铁线蕨、团羽铁线蕨、铁线蕨、白背铁线蕨和普通铁线蕨在中国华中的气候有较高的气候适应性;团羽铁线蕨和普通铁线蕨的潜在分布范围覆盖了华北地区的北京、天津和石家庄,它们的综合气候适生指数的平均值达到0.60.     

广西3种铁线蕨属植物孢子形态的扫描电镜观察

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对产于广西的3种铁线蕨属植物的孢子形态进行了观察研究,详细描述了3种铁线蕨属植物即铁线蕨A d iantum cap illus-veneris L.、扇叶铁线蕨A.f labellu la tum L.和假鞭叶铁线蕨A.m a lesianum G hatak孢子的形态及表面纹饰特征,讨论了各种间的差异。     

重庆蕨类植物新记录

报道了重庆蕨类植物新记录31种l变种,它们是膜蕨科的蕗蕨;碗蕨科的粗毛鳞盖蕨;中国蕨科的陕西粉背蕨和滇西旱蕨;铁线蕨科的单盖铁线蕨;裸子蕨科的峨眉凤丫蕨、长羽凤丫蕨、阔带凤丫蕨、紫柄凤丫蕨和耳羽金毛裸蕨(变种);蹄盖蕨科的峨山蛾眉蕨;金星蕨科的齿牙毛蕨、小茯蕨、迷人凸轴蕨、狭脚金星蕨、瘤羽假毛蕨、密毛紫柄蕨、星毛紫柄蕨、对生紫柄蕨、兴文溪边蕨和沼泽蕨;铁角蕨科的贵阳铁角蕨和都匀铁角蕨;球盖蕨科的鱼鳞蕨;鳞毛蕨科的台湾鳞毛蕨、黑鳞远轴鳞毛蕨、大果鳞毛蕨、密鳞鳞毛蕨、长镰耳蕨、深裂耳蕨和亮叶耳蕨以及水龙骨科的太白瓦韦.     

(C4H5N)n(H2O)m团簇的多光子电离与从头计算

在355nm波长下用激光电离反射式飞行时间质谱装置研究了氢键团簇吡咯/水(C₄H₅N)_n(H₂O)_m的多光子电离,增加分子束混合气体源中吡咯相对浓度,可以观测到较大尺寸的二元团簇离子,非质子化团簇离子(C₄H₅N)_n(H₂O)_m+,质子化团簇离子(C₄H₅N)_n(H₂O)_mH+和脱氢团簇离子(C₄H₄N)_n(C₄H₅N)_n(H₂O)_m+.用从头计算方法得到它们的结构.提出了团簇离子形成的机理可能是团簇电离后发生了解离.     

10种蕨类植物叶表皮特征的研究

利用光学显微镜对3科5属10种蕨类植物的叶表皮形态进行了观察和研究.结果表明:(1)它们的叶表皮细胞大多为不规则型,表皮细胞垂周壁均呈深波状;(2)气孔为下生型,多呈椭圆形;共观察到9种气孔器类型(不等细胞型、极细胞型、腋下细胞型、无规则四细胞型、放射状细胞型、聚合极细胞型、横列型、带状细胞型和围绕细胞型),每种植物具有2~6种不同类型的气孔器;(3)根据叶表皮特征,支持姬蕨科与碗蕨科合并,而凤尾蕨科与铁线蕨科单独成科.研究结果为姬蕨科、凤尾蕨科和铁线蕨科植物的系统演化及分类提供科学依据.     

铝氢化物Al2Hn(n=1~6)团簇结构与光谱

 采用密度泛函(DFT)中的B3P86方法,在Dunning的相关一致基组cc-PVTZ水平上,对铝氢化物Al₂H_n(n=1~6)团簇的可能几何构型进行优化计算,得出最稳定构型的几何参数、电子结构、振动频率和光谱等性质参数,并给出了最稳定结构的总能量(E_T)、结合能(E_BT)、平均结合能(E_av)、电离势(E_IP)、能隙(E_g)、费米能级(E_F)和氢原子差分吸附能(E_diff)等.结果表明铝氢化物团簇基态稳定结构的电子态分别为:n为奇数为²A,n为偶数为¹A;由于Al原子属于缺电子原子,能与等电子原子H化合,通过氢桥键形成含多中心键的氢化物,本文优化计算发现,铝氢化物团簇最稳定的构型中都存在氢桥键,这是铝氢化物的奇异结构特征.最后分析铝氢化物团簇的平均结合能、电离势、能隙和费米能级等动力学和红外光谱特性,说明Al₂H_n(n=1~6)团簇中Al₂H₆最稳定,H-Al桥键键长比端键更长,最强峰红外光谱强度最大.     

柳州市园林花灌木引种试验研究

从柳州市周边城市和区外邻近城市选择引种小花紫薇(Lagerstroemia micraantha Merr.)、红花木(Loropetalum chinense Oliu.var.rubrum Yich.)、琴叶珊瑚(Jabropha pandndurifolia Andr.)、灰莉(Fagraea ceilanica Thunb.)、锦叶扶桑(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis cv.'Cooperi')、胡椒木(Zanthoxylum'Odovum')、金叶女贞(Ligustrum ×vicaryi Hort.Hybrid)、金叶假连翘(Duranta repens L.var.alba Bailey.)、花叶假连翘(Duranta repens L.var.variegate Bailey.)、椤木石楠(Photinia davidsoniae Rehd.et.Wils.)、橙花夹竹桃(Thevetia thevetioides Schum.)、斑叶夹竹桃(Nerium indicum Mill.cv' Variegatum')12个花灌木品种进行引种试验,选出小花紫薇、红花木、琴叶珊瑚、灰莉、锦叶扶桑、金叶女贞、金叶假连翘、花叶假连翘、橙花夹竹桃、斑叶夹竹桃,共10个适合柳州市园林应用的花灌木良种,为柳州的园林绿化增加了绿化品种.     

暖地大叶藓的气候适应性及其在中国的潜在分布区预测

基于13个环境因子(海拔、植被覆盖率和11个气候因子)和51个地理分布记录数据,预测了暖地大叶藓在中国的潜在地理分布区和其他对13个环境因子的需求特点.结果发现:暖地大叶藓在贵州、云南、重庆、福建、浙江、湖北、四川、湖南、台湾和江西有很高的气候适应性,而在西北、东北和华北的适生能力低;在最冷季节、最干季节、最暖季节的平均温度分别为5~10℃、5~10℃和20~24℃,以及季节雨量变化、植被覆盖度和海拔分别为55~60mm、30%~60%和600~2 500m的区域下,暖地大叶藓具有高的潜在分布概率;随着最湿月份雨量增加和平均昼夜温差的下降,暖地大叶藓的分布概率上升.     

5种蕨类植物叶片解剖结构及其对阴生环境的适应性研究

应用叶片离析法和石蜡切片法,对生长在阴生环境下的5种蕨类植物海金沙(Lygodium japonicum(Thunb.)Sw.)、井栏边草(Pteris multifida)、肾蕨(Nephrolepis cordifolia)、铁线蕨(Adiantum capillus-veneris)、银脉凤尾蕨(Pteris ensiformis cv.victoriae)的叶表面及其横切结构进行了显微观察研究.结果显示,这5种蕨类植物叶片都有相似的结构特征：叶片较薄;表皮细胞角质层薄,上表皮无气孔,下表皮有气孔,但气孔密度小;叶肉组织分布不规则,细胞间隙较大,通气组织发达,无栅栏组织和海绵组织的分化,叶肉细胞内叶绿体的数目较多,体积较大,且呈狭长的串状分布.上述研究结果表明,5种蕨类植物在叶片结构上表现出对阴生环境的适应性.     

云南蕨类植物区系新记录

根据云南大学蕨类植物标本室(PYU)保存的标本,报道4种云南蕨类植物分布新记录.它们分别是肾盖铁线蕨(Adiantum erythrochlamys Diels),疏羽铁角蕨(Asplenium subtenuifolium (Christ)Chinget S.H.Wu),光岩蕨(Woodsia glabella R.Br.apud Richards),耳羽岩蕨(Woodsia polystichoides Eaton).       

Responses of ferns to red light are mediated by an unconventional photoreceptor

Efficient photosynthesis is essential for plant survival. To optimize photosynthesis, plants have developed several photoresponses. Stems bend towards a light source (phototropism), chloroplasts move to a place of appropriate light intensity (chloroplast photorelocation) and stomata open to absorb carbon dioxide. These responses are mediated by the blue-light receptors phototropin 1 (phot1) and phototropin 2 (phot2) in Arabidopsis (refs 1-5). In some ferns, phototropism and chloroplast photorelocation are controlled by red light as well as blue light. However, until now, the photoreceptor mediating these red-light responses has not been identified. The fern Adiantum capillus-veneris has an unconventional photoreceptor, phytochrome 3 (phy3), which is a chimaera of the red/far-red light receptor phytochrome and phototropin. We identify here a function of phy3 for red-light-induced phototropism and for red-light-induced chloroplast photorelocation, by using mutational analysis and complementation. Because phy3 greatly enhances the sensitivity to white light in orienting leaves and chloroplasts, and PHY3 homologues exist among various fern species, this chimaeric photoreceptor may have had a central role in the divergence and proliferation of fern species under low-light canopy conditions.     

当前气候情境下3种凤尾藓在中国亚热带东部地区的潜在分布格局

基于当前气候条件下11个生物气候变量,以及小凤尾藓乳突变种15个、拟粗肋凤尾藓12个、透明凤尾藓16个国内地理分布记录,应用Max Ent模型和Arc GIS软件,预测了当前气候背景下这3种凤尾藓属植物在从未报道具体分布数据中国亚热带东部的37个自然保护区的潜在分布格局.选择10%的遗漏错误对应的累积值作为分布预测阈值,计算了当前气候条件下3种凤尾藓属植物在中国亚热带东部这37个自然保护区的综合气候适应指数.     

东北蕨类植物的未详知种

本文报道了东北蕨类植物的未详知种类,计有9种3变种。考证了有关文献;讨论了与其近亲种的鉴别性区分特征;订正了个别错误。     

The climatic suitability for maize cultivation in China

To provide scientific support for planning maize production and designing countermeasures against the effects of climate change on the national maize crop, we analyzed the climatic suitability for cultivating maize across China. These analyses were based on annual climate indices at the Chinese national level; these indices influence the geographical distribution of maize cultivation. The annual climate indices, together with geographical information on the current cultivation sites of maize, the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model, and the ArcGIS spatial analysis technique were used to analyze and predict maize distribution. The results show that the MaxEnt model can be used to study the climatic suitability for maize cultivation. The eight key climatic factors affecting maize cultivation areas were the frost-free period, annual average temperature, ≥0°C accumulated temperature, ≥10°C accumulated temperature continuous days, ≥10°C accumulated temperature, annual precipitation, warmest month average temperature, and humidity index. We classified climatic zones in terms of their suitability for maize cultivation, based on the existence probability determined using the MaxEnt model. Furthermore, climatic thresholds for a potential maize cultivation zone were determined based on the relationship between the dominant climatic factors and the potential maize cultivation area. The results indicated that the importance and thresholds of main climate controls differ for different maize species and maturities, and their specific climatic suitability should be studied further to identify the best cultivation zones. The MaxEnt model is a useful tool to study climatic suitability for maize cultivation.     

农户适应气候变化的行为及影响因素--基于实验经济学方法的研究?

农户对气候变化的适应性研究是当前国内外学术界的一个重点领域.本文通过入户问卷调查和结构式访谈,分析了安徽省宿州市埇桥区农户对气候变化风险的认知,利用实验经济学的MPL方法量化了农户的风险偏好特征,并运用probit模型分析了农户适应气候变化行为的影响因素.研究结果表明,大部分农户感知到了气候变化及其给农业生产带来的风险,并采取了多种适应行为,农户的风险偏好、对气候变化风险的感知以及耕种年限等对其气候变化适应决策的采取具有显著的正向影响.因此,未来气候变化适应政策的制定和实施,应针对不同特征的农户群体,采取不同的适应策略.     

异常黑胆质成熟剂中各单味药对HL-60细胞增殖的抑制作用

异常黑胆质成熟剂是维吾尔医复方制剂,由甘草、红枣、破布木、牛舌草、铁线蕨、地锦草、小茴香、薰衣草、蜜蜂花和刺糖10味药组成,用于治疗由异常黑胆质所导致的肿瘤、糖尿病和心血管疾病等。研究了异常黑胆质成熟剂中各单味药(除刺糖外)对HL-60细胞增殖的抑制作用。HL-60细胞暴露于各单味药两种不同提取物(二氯甲烷和甲醇),于37℃、CO2体积分数为5%的恒温孵箱中培养后24、48、72h,用台盼蓝染色法检测细胞存活率。结果表明,各单味药的二氯甲烷提取物除小茴香外均显著降低HL-60癌细胞的存活率(P<0.05)。在甲醇提取物中,只有甘草和地锦草两味药的甲醇提取物可显著降低HL-60癌细胞的存活率(P<0.05)。与各单味药甲醇提取物相比,其二氯甲烷提取物均显著降低HL-60癌细胞的存活率(P<0.05)。结果显示,破布木、地锦草、铁线蕨、甘草、红枣、薰衣草、牛舌草和蜜蜂花8味药的二氯甲烷提取物和甘草、地锦草两味药的甲醇提取物均能抑制HL-60癌细胞的体外增殖。各单味药二氯甲烷提取物对HL-60细胞增殖的抑制作用均明显强于其相应的甲醇提取物。     

基于MaxEnt模型的苦槠潜在地理分布格局变迁预测

【目的】苦槠(Castanopsis sclerophylla)为壳斗科栲属常绿阔叶树种,广布于中国长江以南五岭以北各省区,被视为我国南北方气候的“分界树”。研究苦槠潜在地理分布格局变迁及其对气候变化的响应对于保护其野生资源具有重要意义。【方法】运用MaxEnt模型,模拟和预测苦槠在末次盛冰期(last glacial maximum, LGM)、现代和2070年3个时期的潜在分布区,评估了气候因子变化对其潜在地理分布的影响。【结果】MaxEnt模型模拟现代分布区准确度极高,受试者工作特征曲线下的面积(AUC值)达0.971;苦槠现代高度适宜区主要是皖南山区、大别山区、天目山至北雁荡山地区;中度适宜区扩展到了苏南山区、江西及福建沿海地区;末次盛冰期退缩分布在我国华南北部地区,以及东海大陆架东部。2070年,苦槠的分布受气候影响预测适生区会急剧缩小,生境出现破碎化,高、中度适宜区残存于高海拔地区。Jackknife检验表明,最干季降雨量、最干季均温是影响苦槠地理分布的最主要气候因子。【结论】探讨不同气候因子对苦槠潜在地理分布的影响,利用其生物属性监测亚热带最北缘范围动态变化,可为苦槠的种源保护、生境恢复、繁育驯化等提供科学依据。     

Variety distribution pattern and climatic potential productivity of spring maize in Northeast China under climate change

This study was based on the daily meteorological data of 101 meteorological stations from 1971 to 2000 and the 0.25°×0.25° grid data from 1951 to 2100 simulated by RegCM3 under the future A1B climatic scenario published by National Climate Center,in combination with the demand of climatic condition for maize growth in Northeast China.The trajectory of agricultural climatic resources and the effects of climate change on variety distribution and climatic potential productivity of spring maize in Northeast China under future climate change were analyzed.The main agro-climatic resource factors include:the initial date daily average temperature stably passing 10℃(≥10℃),the first frost date,the days of growing period,the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature,and the total radiation and precipitation in the growing period.The results showed that:(1) in the coming 100 years,the first date of ≥10℃ would be significantly advanced,and the first frost date would be delayed.The days of growing period would be extended,the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature and the total radiation would be significantly increased.However,no significant change was found in precipitation.(2) Due to the climate change,the early-maturing varieties will be gradually replaced by late-maturing varieties in Northeast China,and the planting boundaries of several maize varieties would be extended northward and eastward.(3) There would be a significant change in the climatic potential productivity of maize in Northeast China with the high-value gradually moving towards northeast.(4) It was an effective way to increase the climatic potential productivity of maize by appropriate adjustment of sowing date.