三种氟喹诺酮类抗生素在黄河沉积物中的吸附行为

采用批平衡法研究了3种氟喹诺酮类抗生素环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星在黄河沉积物上的吸附特性.结果表明:环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星在沉积物中的吸附均呈现先快速增长后缓慢平衡的趋势,吸附平衡时间皆为12 h,平衡吸附量分别为88.97、76.25、54.53 mg/kg.吸附数据与准二级动力学方程有较好的拟合,反应速率常数为11.59~225.70g/(mg·h).吸附等温线能较好地符合Henry方程和Freundlich方程,沉积物对环丙沙星和诺氟沙星的吸附能力较强,对恩诺沙星的吸附效果较差.     

植酸改性黑曲霉菌对水中U(Ⅵ)的吸附试验研究

以黑曲霉和植酸为原料,制备了富含磷酸基团的黑曲霉改性材料。试验探讨了U(Ⅵ)的初始浓度,p H值、植酸与黑曲霉用量比、投加量等因素对植酸改性黑曲霉吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响。试验结果表明:在p H=5,投加量为0. 3 g/L,U(Ⅵ)初始浓度为5 mg/L,30℃的条件下,植酸改性黑曲霉菌对U(Ⅵ)的吸附量达到16. 19 mg/g,吸附时间90 min后趋于平衡。研究植酸改性黑曲霉对U(Ⅵ)的吸附行为规律,结果表明吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温模型,以单层吸附为主;动力学模型符合准二级动力学,吸附过程主要是化学吸附。扫描电镜(SEM-EDS)和红外光谱(FTIR)等手段分析植酸改性黑曲霉吸附U(Ⅵ)的机理,结果表明植酸成功引入黑曲霉表面,主要反应官能团为OH、PO3-4、CONH。     

蒙脱石对喹诺酮类抗生素的吸附平衡及动力学特征

以蒙脱石为吸附剂进行水中2种喹诺酮类抗生素(环丙沙星和诺氟沙星)的静态吸附试验,考察初始浓度、pH值和阳离子强度对吸附性能的影响.结果表明,蒙脱石对环丙沙星和诺氟沙星的吸附过程均符合二级反应动力学方程,吸附速率常数分别为0.063和0.024 kg·mg-1·h-1.环丙沙星和诺氟沙星的吸附等温线均能较好地符合Freu...     

微波及碱性溶液改性活性炭对丙酮吸附性能的影响

对商业活性炭分别经过600,700和800℃微波辐照加热处理,以及Na OH,Na2CO3和Na HCO3溶液浸渍处理。采用比表面积及孔径分析仪、Boehm滴定、傅里叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)对活性炭的物化性质进行表征,并且在10℃以丙酮为吸附质进行固定床吸附实验。研究结果表明:微波改性后,活性炭的比表面积、总孔容小幅度减小,但微孔比表面积显著增大;随着温度升高,表面酸性基团大量分解,碱性基团逐渐形成;碱性溶液改性后,比表面积和孔容均减小;改性溶液碱性越强,表面碱性基团总量越大,酸性基团完全被去除;丙酮吸附量与活性炭微孔孔容具有良好的线性相关性,吸附量与活性炭表面碱性基团的含量成反比;Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程均能较好地描述丙酮在活性炭上的吸附,Langmuir方程更加适合;吸附能与活性炭表面含氮官能团总量成正比。     

铝改性竹炭的磷吸附性能研究

为了改善竹炭的磷吸附性能,以氯化铝为改性剂,采用铝盐水解共沉法对竹炭进行改性,并对改性前后竹炭物化特性进行表征.通过批次吸附实验对比研究了改性竹炭对水溶液中磷的吸附特性.结果表明:Langmuir和Freundlich等温方程能很好地描述竹炭磷吸附等温特性,Freundlich等温方程拟合效果更优,改性后竹炭磷吸附容量为10.0mg·g-1,是改性前竹炭的1.3倍;铝改性竹炭磷吸附过程符合Lagergren二阶动力学模型;溶液pH值对磷吸附影响显著,酸性条件有利于磷吸附,腐植酸对吸附磷有明显负面作用,而NO3-对吸附磷无明显抑制作用.     

酸碱改性活性炭吸附水中乙酰水杨酸的行为与机理

采用硝酸(HNO_3)和氢氧化钠(Na OH)对活性炭表面进行改性,并考察其对乙酰水杨酸(ASP)的吸附性能。借助傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对改性活性炭结构特性进行表征,考察孔隙结构和官能团与吸附性能的关系,推断改性活性炭中对ASP起主要作用的官能团是含氧官能团。结果表明,两种改性活性炭对ASP均有良好的吸附效果;与Freundlich方程相比,吸附过程更适合用Langmuir方程来进行描述;也表明了活性炭对ASP的吸附属于单分子层吸附。改性后活性炭的最大吸附量可达到96.129 8 mg/g,且吸附过程更符合二级动力学方程。     

碱改性泡桐树叶粉末对水中Pb~(2+)的吸附特性

生物吸附剂的改性方法不同,影响吸附剂性能和其对重金属离子的去除效果.本研究采用泡桐树叶粉末经Ca(OH)2改性后,吸附废水中Pb2+,并探讨了反应时间、吸附剂浓度、p H这三个因素对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,吸附剂浓度0.8 g/L,溶液p H为5,吸附60 min即可达到平衡,此时吸附量为60.43 mg/g,去除率为95.61%,吸附过程可用准二级吸附动力学模型描述.通过扫描电镜(SEM)发现泡桐树叶粉末经改性,表面变得松散粗糙;能谱分析(XPS)发现,吸附过程中发生了阳离子交换,Pb2+被吸附到泡桐粉末表面,而Ca2+被释放到溶液中.Ca(OH)2改性泡桐树叶粉末对Pb2+具有良好的吸附性能,可以用于重金属污染废水的处理.     

高锰酸钾改性核桃壳基生物炭对水溶液中Cu~(2+)的吸附性能

为提高核桃壳基生物炭吸附水溶液中Cu~(2+)的效率,用不同浓度高锰酸钾溶液对高温(600℃)热解制备的核桃壳基生物炭进行改性.通过N_2吸附等温线、SEM-EDX和XPS对改性前后核桃壳基生物炭的结构特征和表面化学特性进行分析,结果表明:改性核桃壳基生物炭表面添加了新的含氧基团,含氧基团主要以Mn—O和Mn—OH的形式与锰基团结合.在温度为25℃、pH为5.3的条件下改性核桃壳基生物炭对Cu~(2+)的最大吸附能力为61.35 mg/g,是未改性核桃壳基生物炭的5.3倍.改性核桃壳基生物炭吸附Cu~(2+)能力的增加主要是因为表面负载了MnO_x和氧基团.     

两种改性核桃壳对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附研究

用磷酸改性和甲醛-硫酸改性核桃壳吸附模拟废水中Cr(Ⅵ),探讨了核桃壳投加量、吸附时间、水样初始p H值和初始浓度等因素对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附效果的影响,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和红外光谱(IR)表征核桃壳的结构.实验结果表明,磷酸改性核桃壳对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率为99.4%,最大吸附容量为3.24 mg/g,甲醛-硫酸改性核桃壳对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率为98.4%,最大吸附容量为8.23 mg/g.未改性核桃壳和甲醛-硫酸改性核桃壳对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附等温线更符合Freundlich等温吸附方程,磷酸改性核桃壳的吸附等温线与Langmuir等温吸附方程拟合地更好.     

微波辅助氢氧化钠改性沸石及其对Zn~(2+)的吸附

利用微波辅助Na OH对天然沸石进行改性,在单因素实验的基础上对改性条件进行了优化,得出沸石改性的最优实验条件为:Na OH改性液浓度为0.5 mol/L、微波功率480 W、微波辐射时间5 min.探讨改性沸石对Zn2+的吸附行为.结果表明:改性沸石对Zn2+的吸附能力明显增强.在优化实验条件下对质量浓度为50 mg/L的Zn2+的去除率达95.68%.Langmuir吸附模型比Freundlich吸附模型能更好地模拟改性沸石对Zn2+的吸附过程,吸附动力学方程以准二级动力学方程拟合的效果最优.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.