地方高校开展通识教育的困境与对策

地方高校通识教育在实践过程中存在管理措施缺位、教师教学积极性不高、学生学习兴趣不浓等问题，究其原因在于地方高校通识教育理念尚未明确，通识课程设置欠完善、教学质量难保障等等。只有更新通识教育观念，完善通识教育课程体系建设；加强通识课选课指导；改变通识课教学模式；构建通识课多元评价的成绩体系；加强通识课的质量监控与评估，才能改进通识课教学和管理的困境。     

中美高校通识教育课程的比较以及给我国的启示

中美两国由于不同的历史发展，对各自的大学产生了不同的影响，在高校通识教育课程上两国也形成了各自的特点．通过对两国通识教育课程的比较，总结出中美两国在通识教育课程上的差异并提出了中国通识教育课程有待改革的几个方面。     

高校通识教育选修课教学探讨

阐释高校通识教育、通识教育课程的内容及其目标,归纳目前我国高校本科通识选修课程及其教学中存在的普遍性问题,即课程设置的随意性、课程组合的拼盘化;课程内容的知识化、浅显化;教学方法的单向性、灌输式;成绩评定的单一性和简单化以及师资力量较为薄弱。针对上述问题,从教学内容、教学方法、考核方式、师资队伍和课程建设与管理5个方面提出加强通识教育课程教学效果的途径和策略。     

高校通识教育与德育工作的创新

在我国高校通识教育发展比较缓慢,成效不够显著。该文分析从通识教育的起源入手,仔细对比了通识教育引进国内和港台地区后的不同发展历程与教育效果。在分析通识教育与高校德育工作的关联性基础上,将通识教育与德育工作同步改革创新,在整体规划、课程设置比例、深度挖掘、全面落实等方面进行探索。     

关于我国大学实施通识教育的思考

通识教育既是一种教育理念，更是一种教育实践。通识教育在我国有着悠久的发展历史，特别是近年来我国高校通识教育进行得如火如茶，但其课程设置却出现了诸如教学形式单一、评价体系不完善等问题，应通过不断完善教学管理体制、完善选课系统、建立合理的教师评价机制、大力开展院校合作等措施推动通识教育课程改革，使我国大学的通识教育步入良性发展轨道。     

闽、港、台教师教育通识课程设置个案比较

通识教育是培养学生作为一个"人"的最基本的思想、情感、能力、修养的需要而实施的全面素质教育.大学通识教育主要通过通识课程的实施得以实现.作为教师教育课程体系的重要组成部分,台湾师范大学、香港中文大学教育学院与漳州师范学院在通识课程设置理念、学分比例、内容结构、管理模式及非正式通识课程开设等方面,既有共性也存在差异.通过分析比较,在汲取港台高校通识教育经验的基础上,对大陆高师院校教师教育通识课程提出改进的思考.     

高校通识教育课程设置的目标及方略

当前,对高校通识教育课程设置的探讨有助于我们全面具体地把握通识教育的特征。我国高校通识教育课程设置目标中存在缺乏教育的本然性和创造性等问题,方略上存在着缺乏对课程的总体把握等问题,必须从课程设置模式和课程设置体系上进行改革。     

从大学生追星现状看高校通识教育的研究

随着高校越来越重视大学生的综合素质教育，很多高校都在低年级开设了通识教育的课程，然而围绕追星，时尚是否属于通识的教育却一直都有不同的认识。本文通过对大学生追星情况的研究，认为在一定程度上了解明星，追求时尚，也是通识教育的重要范畴。     

关于民族院校文学类通识教育课程的思考——以大连民族学院为例

本文对“通识教育”进行了溯源和内涵考证，认为通识教育的目的在于培养“完整的人”，同时认为文学类通识教育课程在实现这一目标方面有着先天的优越性，在民族高校中它的必要性表现得更为充分。本文同时指出了充分发挥文学类通识教育课程的积极作用的方法：需要积极建构课程体系、探索有效的教学方法和评价机制等。     

高校大学生通识教育探析

本文通过对美国高校通识教育课程的梳理,发现美国高校的通识教育具有课程内容丰富、比重大、学生选择度高、形式灵活等特点。结合我国高校实际,提出若干建议,以期对高校有效实施通识教育,更好地促进大学生健康成长有所启示。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.