低渗透储层核磁共振实验与测井应用

针对低渗透储层岩性及孔隙结构复杂,核磁共振信噪比低、物性参数计算困难等问题,利用不同岩性的岩心开展不同流体性质和采集参数下的核磁共振实验,明确核磁共振响应特征及影响因素,并建立相应的参数计算模型。基于岩性单元分别建立核磁共振孔隙度校正模型,从而提升孔隙度计算效果。结果表明:低渗透岩石核磁共振响应受孔径影响明显,且与回波间隔、等待时间等采集参数和流体性质的关系差异较大;基于回波幅度建立的渗透率计算模型,无需对回波串进行反演,从而减少误差传递,能提高渗透率计算精度。     

用于低场磁共振T_1、T_2测量的序列

为了测量低场磁共振设备参数,该文提出一种对硬件要求不高,可以较快测量T1、T2数据的方法。通过对基本序列进行研究,充分利用由3个射频激发产生信号的信息,设计读取梯度对它们进行区分,完成了可以在一次扫描中同时测量T1、T2参数的刺激回波(stimulated echo,STE)序列。该序列在0.3T低场设备上进行了包括水模和人体在内的测量实验,测量时间相对同时使用传统自旋回波序列(spin echo,SE)、反转恢复回波序列(inversion recovery,IR)减少一半。测量结果证明STE是一种适合于低场环境参数测量使用的序列。     

用于低场磁共振T_1、T_2测量的序列

为了测量低场磁共振设备参数,该文提出一种对硬件要求不高,可以较快测量T1、T2数据的方法。通过对基本序列进行研究,充分利用由3个射频激发产生信号的信息,设计读取梯度对它们进行区分,完成了可以在一次扫描中同时测量T1、T2参数的刺激回波(stimulated echo,STE)序列。该序列在0.3T低场设备上进行了包括水模和人体在内的测量实验,测量时间相对同时使用传统自旋回波序列(spin echo,SE)、反转恢复回波序列(inversion recovery,IR)减少一半。测量结果证明STE是一种适合于低场环境参数测量使用的序列。     

冻融作用下岩石细观结构损伤的低场核磁共振研究

为了研究冻融循环作用下岩石的细观结构损伤特性,以花岗岩为研究对象,进行了90次冻融循环实验,并采用核磁共振技术对冻融岩石进行了检测,得到了花岗岩的细观结构变化特征。结果表明:随着冻融循环次数的增多,花岗岩的孔隙度逐渐增大,在0~30次的冻融阶段,岩样的孔隙度增速缓慢,而在30~70次冻融循环阶段,孔隙度增长幅度明显加快,花岗岩的T2谱分布主要集中在0.1~100 ms;将岩样的T2谱分布转化为岩石孔径分布曲线,统计出了冻融后花岗岩的孔隙分布结果,孔径分布在1~500μm范围内最多,且以小孔孔隙为主,占总孔隙比例最高达78.62%,中孔次之,微孔数量最少。基于核磁共振技术的冻融循环作用岩石细观结构的损伤特性为研究岩石破坏机理提供了可靠的实验数据。     

应用核磁T2谱与数字岩心技术计算粒度分布方法

提出一种利用核磁T2谱结合数字岩心技术计算岩石粒度分布的方法。岩石粒度分布近似符合Weibull分布,改变分布参数可得到不同粒度分布。给出初始Weibull分布后采用过程法构建数字岩心,并用随机行走法对构建的数字岩心进行核磁数值模拟,遍历分布参数区间使模拟得到T2谱与试验T2谱逼近,误差最小时获得的Weibull分布即为岩石粒度分布。最后根据实际核磁测井资料对井下岩石粒度进行连续计算,粒度计算结果与实验室粒度分析结果对比良好,验证了方法准确性。     

基于对数正态分布的岩石损伤统计分析方法研究

以Mohr强度理论为基础,利用岩石微元强度服从对数正态随机分布的特点,得到了三轴压缩条件下的岩石损伤统计本构模型,并根据试验曲线采用最小二乘法确定出模型参数.与试验结果比较,该模型可以很好地模拟岩石破裂过程的全应力应变关系,真实反映了岩石软化特性、岩石强度随围压变化等特性.在此基础上,讨论了对数正态参数F0,S0对岩石应力应变全过程曲线的影响.结果表明,参数F0值的变化对岩石的强度有影响;参数S0值的变化对岩石的脆性有影响.     

指端光电容积脉搏波监测全麻诱导期伤害性应激反应的评价

为评价指端光电容积脉搏波的变化用于监测患者全麻诱导期伤害性应激反应的可行性和准确性,采用择期行耳鼻喉或颅脑外科手术,ASA分级I~II级,18~60岁的患者75人,分别于入室时(T1)、诱导后2 min(T2)、插管即刻(气管插入声门10 s后)(T3)、插管后1min(T4)及插管后5min(T5)连续监测并记录患者HR、SBP、DBP、SPO2、手指温度、末梢灌注指数(perfusion index,PI)、血浆肾上腺素(epinephrine,E)及去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE),记录光电容积脉搏波(Photoplethysmograph pulse wave,PPGPW)并测量各项参数:振幅(PPGA)、前倾角(α1)、后倾角(α2)、上升时间(t1)、下降时间(t2)和脉动周期(PBI)。结果显示,与T1时刻相比,T3时刻E和NE明显增高,PPGA和PI明显减小,α2明显增大(P0.05);T2和T5时刻HR、α2、E和NE明显降低,PPGA、PI、t1、t2和PBI明显升高(P0.05);PPGA分别与E、NE呈负相关,PI分别与HR、SBP、DBP、E、NE呈负相关,α2分别与HR、SBP、DBP、NE呈正相关。由此可知,光电容积脉搏波参数PPGA、PI及α2可以无创、实时、有效的监测全凭静脉麻醉诱导期的伤害性应激反应。     

在γγ机上通过味改变过程探测中性toppion介子

在Topcolor辅助的Technicolor(TC2)模型下,研究了γγ对撞中产生中性toppion介子 (Π0t)的味改变过程γγ→tΠ0t.计算结果表明,在未来直线对撞机上(如TESLA),质心能量 s 对产生截面的影响很大.当s=1 600 GeV 时,在多数参数区间内tΠ0t的产生截面约为1fb.而当Π0t的质量MΠ较小时,由于共振效应,tΠ0t产生截面可达几十个fb.由于 tΠ0t的产生过程背景比较干净,研究表明,在TESLA对撞机上应该可以探测到Π0t的产生事例.此外,实验上还应该能探测到toppion-charm 不变质量分布中的共振峰.因此,γγ→tΠ0t是探测中性toppion介子 (Π0t)的一个理想过程,可为实验上检验TC2模型提供直接的证据.     

基于改进PSO算法的岩石蠕变模型参数辨识

微粒群优化(PSO)算法是一类随机全局优化技术,具有收敛速度快、规则简单、易于实现的优点.针对岩石蠕变本构模型参数的辨识问题,本文利用FLAC软件自带的fish语言实现了改进PSO算法对本构模型参数的辨识.该方法从岩石本构模型参数的随机值出发,以蠕变过程中试件变形的实验值与计算值的误差大小作为适应度函数来评价参数的品质,利用改进PSO算法规则实现模型参数的进化,搜索出全局最优的模型参数值,从而实现了岩石蠕变本构模型参数的自适应辨识.利用该方法对页岩蠕变实验进行了仿真研究,实验结果表明:改进的PSO算法用于岩石蠕变模型的参数辨识是有效的.     

基于9223模块超宽带雷达回波信号实时采集系统的设计与实现

针对超宽带探测雷达回波的采集要求,设计了一种基于9223采集模块的回波信号中频信号采集系统.该系统将穿墙雷达回波信号与本振信号进行混频处理获取可直接采样的中频信号,由计算机控制9223采集模块完成了四通道回波信号同步采集并经以太网传输至计算机;依据数据采样流程,系统给出了混凝土墙体(墙体厚度12cm)后面1米处、2米处目标回波信号.实验结果表明,该采集系统有效避免了超宽带穿墙雷达直接采样的实施难度,回波信号能有效分辨目标对应峰值,满足了超宽带数据采集系统的需求.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.