特高压与超高压电网间地磁感应电流的相互影响研究

电网地磁感应电流影响因素多、情况复杂,考虑各电压等级电网的参数特点,以往的GIC地磁感应电流计算集中在电网最高电压等级线路。交流特高压电网建设使我国电网增加了1 000 k V电压等级,综合考虑线路参数、变压器类型等GIC影响因素,准确计算包括500 k V超高压及1 000 k V特高压的多电压等级电网的GIC是重要研究课题。根据我国500 k V和1 000 k V实际电网的参数,并考虑线路走向等因素的影响,假设了一个特高压多电压等级电网,并建立了其GIC全节点模型。计算了两种感应地电场情况下500 k V电网、1 000 k V电网、500 k V和1 000 k V双电压等级电网的GIC,比较了三种情况电网的GIC计算结果。研究了不同电压等级电网GIC的相互作用及电网结构的影响。结果表明,1 000 k V电网GIC与500 k V电网GIC相互影响明显,在特高压电网GIC计算中,既不能在计算最高电压等级电网GIC时忽略次级高压电网的影响,也不能忽略对次级高压电网GIC的治理。     

地磁感应地电场时频变换快速计算方法

随着我国特高压输电线路的建设,我国电网建设遭受地磁感应电流（geomagnetically induced current , GIC）影响的风险将大大增加。基于大地电阻模型利用有限元计算地磁扰动感应地电场（geomagnetic disturbance, GMD）地电场的方法,建模复杂,利用有限元法计算感应地电场成本过高。地磁测深数据得到的视电阻率综合反映了大地的电性结构,文中提出基于视电阻数据及地磁台实测数据直接计算GMD地磁感应地电场的方法。仿真实验表明,该方法可以极大缩短计算时间,减小计算成本,对我国电网应对地磁暴侵害提供了有效算法。计算结果表明地磁暴对各地地电场的影响不均匀,与当地的地质电性结构有很大的关系,同时南北走向的电网将产生更大的GIC,更易受到地磁暴的侵害,应作为主要的关注对象。     

磁暴扰动对长距离输电高压系统电压影响分析

提出了分析长距离输电系统电压对磁暴感应地电场大小、方向敏感性的方法。首先建立了变电站接地磁感应电流计算模型,指出了输电线路走向、接地点间的距离和接地点间的相对位置之间的关系。然后通过计算地磁感应电流所产生的变压器集群无功损耗,分析变压器无功需求对系统电压影响。最后建立了系统电压越限指标与磁暴感应地电场大小与方向的灵敏度模型。以西北750 kV系统为例,仿真分析了地电场幅值从1 V/km～10 V/km、方向从正东(0°)到正西(180°)时750kV系统电压分布状况和电压越限指标,结果表明采用本文方法可以反映长距离输电系统节点电压对地电场大小及方向的敏感性。     

长距离输电系统电压对磁暴感应地电场敏感性研究

提出了分析长距离输电系统电压对磁暴感应地电场大小、方向敏感性的方法。首先建立了变电站接地磁感应电流计算模型,指出了输电线路走向、接地点间的距离和接地点间的相对位置之间的关系,然后通过计算地磁感应电流所产生的变压器集群无功损耗,分析变压器无功需求对系统电压影响,最后建立了系统电压越限指标与磁暴感应地电场大小与方向的灵敏度模型。以西北750kV系统为例,仿真分析了地电场幅值从1V/km~10V/km、方向从正东(0?到正西(180?时750kV系统电压分布状况和电压越限指标,结果表明采用本文方法可以反映长距离输电系统节点电压对地电场大小及方向的敏感性。     

不同电压等级电网GIC水平的比较研究

太阳磁场变化产生的地磁感应电流(GIC)直接损伤电力设备,威胁电网的运行安全.阐述了电网GIC的成因、影响以及损伤电网设备的本质,给出了不同电压等级电网GIC水平的监测数据和计算数据,比较研究了电网GIC水平和影响因素,分析了我国未来电网的灾害风险和灾害防治问题.     

磁暴在单回交流输电线中的感应电流的验证计算

准确计算磁暴期间交流电网中的地磁感应电流(geomagnetically induced current,GIC)对评估磁暴对交流电网的影响至关重要。在研究磁暴对交流电网的影响时所应用的现有模型的基础上,以单回交流输电线为研究对象,将交流输电线、接地体和大地进行统一建模;并采用有限元法(FEM)进行求解。这种新模型既可以处理电导率复杂分布的大地模型,又可以将交流输电线及接地体对地表感应地电场分布的影响考虑在内。均匀选取磁暴期间地磁场变化频率0.000 1~0.1 Hz之间的特定频点,分别采用现有模型和新模型计算交流输电线中的GIC,通过对比验证,表明现有模型在频率0.000 1~0.1 Hz之间计算磁暴期间交流电网中GIC时是适用的。     

磁暴在单回交流输电线中感应电流的验证计算

准确计算磁暴期间交流电网中的地磁感应电流(geomagnetically induced current,GIC)对评估磁暴对交流电网的影响至关重要。在研究磁暴对交流电网的影响时所应用的现有模型的基础上,以单回交流输电线为研究对象,将交流输电线、接地体和大地进行统一建模;并采用有限元法(FEM)进行求解。这种新模型既可以处理电导率复杂分布的大地模型,又可以将交流输电线及接地体对地表感应地电场分布的影响考虑在内。均匀选取磁暴期间地磁场变化频率0.000 1~0.1 Hz之间的特定频点,分别采用现有模型和新模型计算交流输电线中的GIC,通过对比验证,表明现有模型在频率0.000 1~0.1 Hz之间计算磁暴期间交流电网中GIC时是适用的。     

特高压等级及输电方式的选择

从空气间隙绝缘特性、大气条件对放电电压的影响等方面论述了特高压输电电压等级的选择问题、以及特高压交直流输电方式的特点。考虑到高海拔、重污秽等特殊问题,1 000kV作为我国特高压交流输电电压等级是比较合理的选择。     

基于感应滤波的高压取电装置谐波抑制方法

为了解决偏远山村、通信基站、郊区工厂等负荷的供电问题,通过特制的大容量电压互感器(PT)可实现从高压铁塔或架空线路直接取电,从而实现灵活取电、就地供电的要求。取电装置的负荷中,含大量非线性负荷,而取电装置直接接入高压输电线路,必然在线路中注入一定的谐波。以110 k V输电线路的单相PT取电装置为对象,考虑接入负荷类型及容量,提出了一种基于感应滤波的高压取电装置谐波抑制方法。首先对110 k V输电线路单相PT取电装置的引下线及塔型布置方案、谐波源负荷情况进行分析,建立相应的仿真模型,得到取电装置注入电网的谐波含量与取电装置容量的关系,进而确定取电装置接入电网的容量限值。分析了基于感应滤波的单相PT取电装置的拓扑及等效电路,并推导了输出电压与输入电压的传递函数,设计了感应滤波绕组和调谐装置的参数。仿真结果表明感应滤波及其调谐装置对不同谐波成分均有良好的衰减效果。可见,利用感应滤波对取电装置进行谐波抑制能减小取电装置接入对电网的影响,具有良好的经济性和技术性。     

灾害空间天气对我国电网安全的影响及风险

通过对第23太阳周几次磁暴期间广东岭澳500 kV电网的地磁感应电流（GIC）实测数据,2010年西北陕、甘、青、宁750 kV电网GIC的计算结果,以及500～1 000 kV电网结构特点和1859年超级磁暴强度的分析,阐述了极端空间天气对我国未来特高压、大规模电网安全的可能影响,提出了应对极端空间天气的研究建议。 ［     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.