低Da数多孔填料床的热湿迁移特性

根据多孔介质的孔隙及颗粒的大小和多孔腔内水分的静态分布特性，将封闭腔内含湿多孔介质的流动与传热划分为低Ｄａ数与高Ｄａ数两类流动问题。同时采用二维无量纲非稳态模型对低Ｄａ数封闭多孔腔内的热湿迁移特性进行了数值模拟，分析了低Ｄａ数多孔床的传热特性及内部湿分的迁移规律。     

高Da数封闭腔内非饱和多孔介质的自然对流

建立了描述高Ｄａ数封闭腔内多孔介质非饱和自然参流行为的二维无量纲模型，采用有限差分法对两侧为恒壁温条件的封闭腔内的流动与传热特进行了数值求解，分析了含湿非饱和多孔介质的自然对流特性，并将其与饱和多孔介质的流动情况进行了比较。     

矩形封闭空间内湿多孔介质自然对流的非达西效应

建立了考虑介质内部流体运动惯性力及粘性力的封闭腔内多孔介质非饱和自然对流行为的二维无量纲模型。研究了两侧为恒壁温、上下为绝热条件的含有湿多孔介质的矩形封闭腔内自然对流的非达西效应。通过数值计算，揭示了介质的惯性力、粘性力及Ｄａ数对传热的影响，同时对颗粒导热比、加热条件等对传热的影响进行了分析。     

多孔介质中自然对流传热的场协同分析

基于多孔介质内部热、湿、气耦合迁移的数学模型,用场协同理论的观点,推导出含湿多孔介质自然对流传热的气相流体与壁面间的整体和局部换热系数.针对宽高比为1∶3的竖直封闭多孔腔,数值检验了含湿非饱和多孔介质自然对流的场协同现象:即非饱和多孔介质自然对流的强度不仅取决于温差、气相速度和流体物性,还取决于气相速度和温度梯度之间的协同.改变气相速度和温度梯度的协同性,将影响非饱和多孔介质自然对流传热的强度.     

多孔介质方腔内自然对流影响因素数值模拟

为研究封闭方腔内饱和多孔介质自然对流传热,采用控制体积法,运用多孔介质局部热平衡假设,整体求解方腔内的温度场和流场,根据计算结果着重分析瑞利数Ra和达西数Da对多孔介质方腔内自然对流换热特性的影响.计算结果表明:当Ra取定值,壁面平均努塞尔数Nu随Da数的增加而增大;当Da数取定值,壁面平均努塞尔数Nu随Ra的增加而增大;随着达西数Da数的增加,临界瑞利数Ra逐渐减小.     

部分充满多孔介质的封闭空腔内自然对流的数值研究

采用Forchheimer Brinkman扩展模型数值研究了部分充满多孔介质的封闭矩形空腔内的自然对流，系统地考察了加热强度、渗透率、多孔区高度、导热系数比以及高宽比等参数对腔内流动与传热的影响，给出了相应的速度场与温度场，并得到了平均Nusselt数随时间的变化规律。     

单侧周期性温度边界下多孔介质方腔内自然对流传热数值模拟

采用局部非热平衡模型,在方腔左侧壁面温度正弦波变化的边界条件下,应用SIMPLER算法数值模拟研究了固体骨架发热多孔介质方腔内的稳态非达西自然对流,主要探讨了不同正弦波波动参数N、振幅A及方腔的高宽比M/L对方腔内自然对流与传热的影响规律。计算结果表明:方腔左侧壁面附近出现了周期性的正负变化的温度场分布,壁面局部传热系数出现了周期性的震荡现象;存在一个最佳温度波动参数N=3,此时流体相壁面的平均Nu达到最大值;存在一个最佳的方腔高宽比M/L=0!1,使得多孔介质方腔内自然对流传热效果最好,增加或减小高宽比都会在一定程度上削弱多孔介质方腔内的传热效果;相对于温度均一的边界条件,正弦波温度边界条件能够增大壁面的平均Nu数,起到强化传热的作用。     

圆环形腔内凝固问题的热阻法近似解

对圆环表腔内的凝固问题进行研究,得到了热阻法近似解,以及在第三类边界条件下,该近似解的表达式,并用有关实验予以验证,用此公式计算了圆环形腔的性能,得出以下结论：圆环形腔蓄冷量大而蓄瓣最佳关径比为0.15-0.25;Bi数小于10时,增大Bi数才能起到强化凝固传热的作用,因此,用于冷却的表面传热系数应在Bi数小于10的范围内选取。     

用格子Boltzmann研究多孔介质内的自然对流换热问题

用格子Boltzmann方法研究了方腔内二维多孔介质由于不均匀温度分布产生的浮力效应而引起的自然对流传热问题.通过数值模拟得到了多孔介质内流体的流场和温度场.详细讨论了孔隙度对自然对流传热的影响,并对孔隙度变化情况下的自然对流传热问题也进行了探讨.研究结果表明,在孔隙度恒定,且Da数比较小(≤10-6)的情况下,当Ra数较低时,孔隙度对自然对流传热的影响很小,当Ra数足够大时需要考虑孔隙度变化的影响;而在Da数较大(≥10-2)情况下,孔隙度对自然对流传热的影响非常明显.在孔隙度线性变化情况下,中间孔隙度c对自然对流传热有一定的影响,且对流与传热随着c的增大而变得剧烈.     

封闭方腔自然对流的涡结构和传热特性

为研究封闭方腔自然对流的涡结构和传热特性,对普朗特数,Pr=0.71,方腔高长比A=H/L=1,瑞利数Ra=1.58×109的二维封闭方腔自然对流进行了直接数值模拟. 给出了水平边界层发展阶段和垂直边界层转捩阶段的流场结构以及Nu数分布. 结果表明,压力梯度对方腔的水平速度变化起着决定性的作用;高Ra数下的自然对流在逆压梯度作用下水平方向形成一系列的涡,这些涡使得水平边界层流动形成分层结构;壁面Nu数与速度梯度?v/?y有着密不可分的关系.      

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.