人工气候老化对热塑性弹性体SBS结构与性能的影响

利用紫外老化试验箱,对热塑性弹性体SBS进行人工加速老化实验,采用色度计、显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和力学试验机研究人工气候老化对SBS的颜色、表面形貌、显微结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着老化时间的延长,SBS表面颜色逐渐变黄,裂纹逐渐变密,有羰基>CO生成,试样的断裂强度、扯断伸长率和撕裂强度先迅速降低,然后趋于稳定;而邵氏硬度随老化时间逐渐增大;其力学性能向硬而脆的方向发展;扯断伸长率变化幅度是检测降解变化的最明显指标.     

光辐射对丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层防腐保护性能的影响

以氙灯为光源,对丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层/碳钢体系进行人工加速老化实验,用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、光学显微镜和光泽仪对老化的涂层进行分析表征,用盐雾实验测试涂层老化后的防腐性能,初步探讨了光辐射对涂层保护性能的影响.结果表明,不同老化周期的体系在盐雾实验后,表面涂层的保护状态均基本完好,但膜下金属腐蚀程度随老化时间的增加而加剧.其原因是:光辐射使涂层中C—N键断裂,且随老化时间的延长,涂层表面粗糙程度增加,光泽度下降;涂层化学结构及表面状态的变化加速了腐蚀介质在涂层中的渗透,从而导致膜下金属腐蚀加重.     

不饱和聚酯基玻璃钢的紫外线老化试验

以紫外线灯为光源,对玻璃钢材料进行了紫外线人工加速老化试验,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、差式扫描量热仪(DSC)等对老化前后试样进行表征.结果表明:老化后的试样表面出现不均匀裂纹,拉伸强度呈先上升后明显下降趋势.短期紫外线辐射会引起试样的后固化,造成玻璃化温度(tg)及拉伸强度的上升;而长时间的光老化降解作用会导致大分子链断裂,造成tg和拉伸强度的下降.     

三元乙丙橡胶热氧老化后的力学性能

针对黏贴在火箭发动机壳体内表面作为耐烧蚀隔热保护材料三元乙丙的老化问题,研究了硫磺、含硫化合物、过氧化物等硫化体系对老化性能的影响.利用SEM微观检测手段和宏观力学性能实验研究了过氧化物硫化体系EPDM热氧老化前后的表面形貌、表面组分相对含量、压缩永久变形、压缩应力松弛特性等.研究结果表明:过氧化物硫化体系使EPDM橡胶内生成性能更为稳定的C-C交联键,耐热性能最好;EPDM橡胶的热分解为一步降解,老化前后样品各温度阶段的失重量、全温度范围内总的失重量以及最大热分解温度均无明显差异;通过表面组份分析可知,老化中增塑剂（癸二酸二丁酯）出现了向表面迁移的现象,但没有发生明显的挥发;采用过氧化物硫化体系的EPDM橡胶老化后,压缩永久变形保留率、压缩应力松弛和拉伸强度三种性能均有一定程度的劣化,且老化温度越高,变化程度越大.      

团状模塑料增强三元乙丙橡胶

以三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)为连续相(基相),团状模塑料(DM C)为分散相(增强相)制备EPDM/DM C复合材料;测定了试样性能,并确定最佳配比。结果表明:EPDM与DM C相容性较好,可进行共硫化;mDM C/mEPDM=100/90时,共混物的力学性能和耐热老化性能较好;用过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为硫化剂,试样的耐热老化性能较好,硬度和扯断伸长率无明显变化,用过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为硫化剂,试样的扯断伸长率和耐热老化性能有明显改善。改性后复合材料的综合性能兼有两种材料的优点。     

硬质聚氯乙烯的热老化性能研究

采用力学性能测试、扫描电镜、红外光谱(FT-IR)等方法研究了硬质聚氯乙烯的热老化性能. 结果表明:随着热老化时间的增加, 试样表面颜色逐渐变深, 其拉伸强度变化不大, 断裂伸长率呈先快速后平缓下降.     

三元乙丙橡胶老化与气候关联性及老化程度全国分布预测

利用三元乙丙橡胶( EPDM)在我国11个典型大气站点暴晒3年的老化数据及气候环境数据,基于对EPDM老化行为分析以及气候环境对EPDM作用机制,探究EPDM老化与气候因子之间的关联性。通过因子分析与逼近理想解排序法,将多个老化指标转化为综合老化值;由灰色关联度分析,得到影响EPDM老化的关键气候因子为辐照度、湿度、温度和降雨;通过BP人工神经网络,建立EPDM综合老化值与气候因子间关联模型。利用我国97个地市级城市气象数据,预测EPDM在未试验地区综合老化值,可视化得到EPDM在我国的老化分布图。图形表明,EPDM在我国西部地区,新疆南部、云南南端、广东南部、海南、台湾等地区老化程度较严重。     

强紫外线下超高分子量聚乙烯薄板材料的力学性能研究

为了预测和防止高海拔地区超高分子量聚乙烯材料在强紫外线作用下发生老化从而影响工程正常使用和造成严重安全事故,对暴露在室外环境下极容易受到紫外线作用而发生老化的高分子聚乙烯材料进行常温强紫外线人工环境下的老化处理。老化处理后的试样采用扫描透射电镜(EMS)分析其表面微观结构;并用拉伸试验机进行单轴拉伸,分析应力(σ)-应变(ε)曲线、拉伸强度(σ_b)、拉伸弹性模量(E)、断后伸长率(δ_n)及最大力;用ANSYS软件对不考虑温度影响下的试样进行交变荷载条件下的疲劳寿命分析。结果表明:随着强紫外线老化时间增加,应力(σ)-应变(ε)曲线无明显的屈服阶段,拉伸强度、拉伸弹性模量、断后伸长率及最大力的变化是先下降然后逐步趋于稳定,而强紫外线照射时长对疲劳寿命影响不明显。该结果为超高分子量聚乙烯薄板的工程安全应用提供参考。     

H_2O_2对涂层老化行为影响研究

采用光泽度、色差检测及SEM分析,研究H_2O_2对涂层加速老化行为。考察了H_2O_2浓度、辐照强度和辐照时间对涂层失效特征的影响。实验结果表明,涂层的失光率和黄变系数随着H_2O_2浓度、辐照强度和辐照时间的增加而呈上升趋势。开展了紫外加速老化、氙灯加速老化和H_2O_2+氙灯加速老化三种老化实验,并探讨他们之间的相关性。结果表明,H_2O_2+氙灯加速老化效果强于其它两种老化方法,基于紫外加速老化方法的加速因子为30,基于氙灯加速老化方法的加速因子为80。     

产业用纤维材料的耐候性和耐热性研究

本文对我国常用的几种产业用纤维材料的耐候性和热老化性能进行了测试分析。随着室外老化和仪器老化时间的增加,纤维材料强度和断裂伸长率降低;同时,纤维因受气候条件的侵蚀而表面下陷,出现斑点、凹坑和裂纹.仪器老化能较好地模拟室外自然老化试验,且数据稳定,试验周期短。两者的强度保持率随着老化时间均按指数规律 Y=ae~(bx)降低,试验常数 a 和 b 决定于纤维品种,规格和气候老化条件等参数。在经130℃热老化处理后,常用几种产业用纤维的强伸性能均发生不同程度的恶化;但在80℃条件下,性能变化较小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.