基于驾驶员视觉特性的道路视错觉控速标线关键参数研究

基于驾驶员动态视觉理论,利用3D-MAX和UC-win/Road模拟了道路视错觉控速标线,采用SMI2.1眼镜式眼动仪检测并记录了25名被测试者的眼动数据,分析了标线关键参数对驾驶员瞳孔面积变化率指标和运行速度的影响,并建立趋势面模型进行定量分析。通过敏感性分析,得到标线三个关键参数对瞳孔面积变化率的影响程度。结果表明:标线的横向宽度、角度、间距对行车速度降低有显著影响,颜色和线宽对其影响不显著。随着标线的横向宽度增大和间距变小,驾驶人产生车道变窄和车速增加的错觉越加明显,瞳孔面积变化增大。当视错觉控速标线角度为30°~45°时,瞳孔面积变化率较小;当视错觉控速标线的角度为135°~150°时,驾驶员的瞳孔面积变化率增大,在150°时最明显,角度为135°时次之。三个关键参数对瞳孔面积变化率的影响排序为角度间距横向宽度。     

基于驾驶员视觉特性的道路视错觉控速标线关键参数

基于驾驶员动态视觉理论,利用3D-MAX和UC-win/Road模拟了道路视错觉控速标线,采用SMI2.1眼镜式眼动仪检测并记录了25名被测试者的眼动数据,分析了标线关键参数对驾驶员瞳孔面积变化率指标和运行速度的影响,并建立趋势面模型进行定量分析。通过敏感性分析,得到标线三个关键参数对瞳孔面积变化率的影响程度。结果表明:标线的横向宽度、角度、间距对行车速度降低有显著影响,颜色和线宽对其影响不显著。随着标线的横向宽度增大和间距变小,驾驶人产生车道变窄和车速增加的错觉越加明显,瞳孔面积变化增大。当视错觉控速标线角度为30°~45°时,瞳孔面积变化率较小;当视错觉控速标线的角度为135°~150°时,驾驶员的瞳孔面积变化率增大,在150°时最明显,角度为135°时次之。三个关键参数对瞳孔面积变化率的影响排序为角度间距横向宽度。     

公路视错觉减速标线参数优化

为提高道路危险路段运营安全水平,促使驾驶人主动降低车辆运行速度至安全范围,对比并优化了减速标线的形式及设计参数。依据人在动态环境下视错觉减速标线作用机理,对鱼刺形视错觉减速标线各设计参数进行分析和初选,并提出变间距减速标线相隔距离的计算方法。将不同设计参数进行组合,依据正交试验方案,利用仿真试验平台和实际道路试验,对比各种形式标线的实际减速效果。研究表明:不同设计参数的鱼刺形减速标线,其实际减速效果有很大差异,合理的参数设计方能产生良好的减速效果;与等间距标线相比,变间距减速标线的减速效果更优。     

基于驾驶员眼动特征的蓄能荧光标线诱导特性及设置方法

为了研究公路主动发光的荧光标线视认性,利用UC-win /Road 软件对公路荧光标线进行仿真模拟,采集了20名驾驶员的眼动数据,定量分析了不同标线宽度和布设方式下,荧光标线视认性对驾驶员注视点占比和瞳孔面积变化率影响的规律。最后,通过室外实车实验的方式对仿真结果进行验证。结果表明：直线路段标线宽度为100%的方案是最佳方案,当辉度值为3坎德拉每平方米(cd/m_²)时,为最经济方案;曲线路段标线施划在车道边缘线外侧且间距为9m效果最佳。     

视错觉减速标线有效性综合评估

根据驾驶员视认过程确定视错觉减速标线有效性的影响因素,建立基于ANP-SPA理论的视错觉减速标线有效性综合评价模型.选取平原区高速公路大桥为研究路段,鱼刺形减速标线为评价对象,构建驾驶模拟实验场景,邀请60名被试进行实验,采集车速、察觉距离、心理感知等数据.计算结果表明,鱼刺形减速标线有效性的联系数μ鱼刺=0. 603,位于评价标准集V1=[0. 6,1],即鱼刺形减速标线有效性很好,该结论与定性评价、模糊综合评价结论完全一致,验证了SPA-ANP理论的可行性,同时能为减速标线有效性评价系统的开发提供借鉴.     

基于驾驶仿真的海底隧道出入口段视觉减速标线有效性

为提高海底隧道出入口段行车安全性,研究海底隧道出入口段不同视觉减速标线方案下驾驶员视觉特征变化规律。本文共设置了6种视觉减速标线方案,对26名驾驶员进行了室内驾驶仿真实验,采集了车速、注视点占比、瞳孔直径和察觉距离等数据,通过分析和处理数据判断视觉减速标线的有效性,分别建立了海底隧道出入口段车速与驾驶员瞳孔直径的回归模型,在海底隧道入口段二者呈非线性关系;出口段二者呈线性关系。采用驾驶员问卷调查法对视觉减速标线有效性进行了验证。结果表明：在海底隧道出入口段共设置的6种视觉减速标线方案均对驾驶员视觉特征有显著影响;与其他标线方案相比,白色鱼刺形减速标线设置下驾驶员瞳孔直径、A区域注视点占比、察觉距离和错觉影响最大,有助于驾驶员主动降低车速、提前采取减速措施,保障行车安全。     

高原公路不同天气状况对驾驶人工作负荷的影响

为研究高原公路不同天气状况对驾驶人工作负荷的影响,共选定了32名被试驾驶人,包括7名外地驾驶员和25名本地驾驶员,在选定的试验路线上进行了实车试验。在晴天、雨天、雪天、雪天+大雾(能见度5米)的4种不同天气状况下,选取心率变异性RMSSD、SDNN和PNN50值和心率增长率作为驾驶人工作负荷表征指标,研究在高原公路不同天气状况下被试驾驶人工作负荷变化规律。研究结果表明：高原公路不同天气状况对驾驶人的工作负荷有显著的影响,驾驶人工作负荷因天气条件的恶劣程度和海拔高度而增加,道路的天气状况、能见度及海拔高度的共同作用对驾驶员工作负荷影响最大。     

高速公路振动减速标线参数优化设计

为减缓汽车通过高速公路振动减速标线时悬架的振动,构建了汽车悬架模型与振动减速标线-车速耦合激励模型.以车辆悬架由减速标线激励产生的垂直方向加速度均方根值为评价指标,采用Simulink对车辆以一定速度通过减速标线时的振动激励特性进行了仿真分析.选取镇江市某快速道路长下坡路段的减速标线进行优化前后的对比试验.结果表明,当给定限速值为80 km·h-1,减速标线宽度为1. 0 m时,小型汽车速度下降率为14. 3%;保持其他参数不变,减速标线宽度为1. 4 m时,速度下降率达到21. 4%,同时行驶车辆悬架产生共振现象.参数优化后的振动减速标线明显改善限速效果并提高了驾乘人员的行车舒适性.     

山区城市道路交叉口纵向减速标线影响分析

道路交通安全问题是一个受各种因素影响的复杂的系统问题,受不同的驾驶员特性、汽车性能、道路条件及环境之间的相互影响。对速度的分析应该从实际的行驶环境出发,结合车辆行驶轨迹和其他事故致因系统分析。通过实车试验的方法对设置纵向减速标线的山区城市道路交叉口路段和未设置标线的对比路段的交通流量、区间速度、驾驶员瞳孔指标和轨迹横向偏移量等试验数据进行采集,再结合山区城市道路交叉口处的交通特性和道路基本参数等数据,分析试验路段的交通流特性、驾驶员生理行为指标和轨迹规律。试验表明:在城市道路交叉口设置纵向减速标线后车辆在试验路段和对比路段的偏移量分布频率最大值为42.62%和38.18%在(0.5,1]区间内;在山区城市道路交叉口段设置纵向减速标线可以提前警告驾驶员控制车速等有利的影响,提高交叉口行驶安全性。     

高原公路驾驶员心率变异性试验分析

为了揭示驾驶员在高原公路行车时的心率变异性的变化情况,寻求提高行车安全性的途径,利用生物反馈仪在高原公路上进行了实地行车测试。以频域指标LF/HF作为高原公路驾驶员心率变异性指标,在分析驾驶时间、海拔高度与驾驶员心率变异性指标之间关系的基础上,建立了相关模型。分析结果表明：驾驶员在高原公路行车时,心率变异性受到高原低氧环境和驾驶时间的双重影响;海拔越高,驾驶时间越长,驾驶员交感神经张力越大,使驾驶员疲劳程度增大,安全隐患增大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.