不同体积分数磁流变液对其剪切特性的影响

为研究不同体积分数磁流变液的剪切性能,分别制备出不同体积分数(10%、20%、30%、40%)的四种磁流变液;使用流变仪分别测出这四种磁流变液在不同剪切速率(0～1 000 s~(-1))下的剪切应力和表观黏度,分析其剪切性能;并用Bingham模型进行拟合,得到剪切应力、表观黏度和体积分数之间的定量关系。结果表明:在相同的体积分数下,随着剪切速率的增加,磁流变液的剪切应力缓慢增大,表观黏度呈指数下降;剪切速率不变的前提下,随着体积分数从10%增大到40%,磁流变液的屈服应力从3. 9 kPa增大到14. 2 kPa,表观黏度明显增大,塑性黏度系数从3. 2增大到3. 7,流动特性指数n减小。可见,体积分数高的磁流变液其剪切性能越好,在智能机构等方面得到广泛应用。     

萌发玉米淀粉流变学特性的研究

实验研究了萌发玉米淀粉在不同温度和质量分数时剪切速率和表观黏度的关系,计算出各温度和质量分数下萌发玉米淀粉的稠度系数(K)和流变指数(n).实验表明,由于萌发玉米淀粉结构的微细化,淀粉糊表观黏度随温度的升高减小;质量分数增大时萌发玉米淀粉剪切稀化不明显.同时,温度的升高流变指数变化较大,偏向于牛顿流体;而质量分数的增加则使萌发玉米淀粉保持良好的假塑流体状态.     

不同分子量级苹果果胶的流变性评价

采用5种不同截流分子量(MWCO)的超滤膜分离苹果果胶,系统考察了浓度、温度、pH值、剪切速率、糖和盐对不同分子量苹果果胶流变学性能的影响.结果表明:苹果果胶溶液表观黏度随剪切速率的增高而逐渐降低,随浓度增大而增大,表现为典型的剪切稀化型非牛顿流体;果胶液表观黏度与其分子量成正比,与溶液温度成反比;pH值对果胶液黏度影响很大;蔗糖对苹果果胶液的黏度起促进作用,而盐会明显降低胶体溶液的表观黏度.     

纳米茉香精流变性能研究

采用ARG2 Rheometer型流变仪考察了温度对聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(PBCA)纳米大花茉莉香精体系流变性能的影响.主要对其进行了5～50℃的温度循环扫描,并对5℃、25℃和50℃三个温度下的纳米香精体系的流变性能进行了研究.结果发现:纳米香精的黏度曲线在温度循环扫描中基本重合,黏度与温度呈反比关系.不同温度下的纳米香精体系呈现了不同的黏弹性特征,5℃下主要呈黏性特征,25℃下则以弹性特征为主,50℃下体系由黏性特征逐渐转变为以弹性特征为主.该纳米香精符合Herschel-Bulkley流体模型,纳米香精体系经测定属于剪切变稀的假塑性流体,其表观黏度在低剪切速率时较高,随着剪切速率的增大急剧下降,在剪切速率大于1S-1纳米香精的黏度逐渐趋向平缓.     

PEG浓度及温度对聚砜铸膜液流变学和热力学性质的影响

以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)和N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)为混合溶剂,以聚乙二醇(PEG)为添加剂制备聚砜(PSF)铸膜液,采用旋转流变仪测定PSF铸膜液黏度,采用浊点滴定法绘制浊点相图,定量研究了温度和PEG浓度对聚砜铸膜液流变学和热力学性质的影响.在剪切速率0-100 s-1范围内,对铸膜液剪切速率和剪切应力的检测值进行拟合,得知聚砜铸膜液为牛顿流体,进而求出聚砜铸膜液的黏度值.结果表明,聚砜铸膜液黏度随PEG浓度的增大而增大,随温度的升高而减小.PEG减弱了铸膜液对非溶剂的容纳能力,加速铸膜液的液一液相分离;温度升高可增大铸膜液对非溶剂的容纳能力,减缓铸膜液的液一液相分离,     

纤维素/壳聚糖/ZnCl2·4H2O溶液的制备及其流变性能

采用ZnCl2·4H2O溶液作为纤维素和壳聚糖的共同溶剂,制备纤维素/壳聚糖/ZnCl2·4H2O溶液,研究温度、原料组分和剪切频率等对纤维素/壳聚糖/ZnCl2·4H2O溶液流变性能的影响.研究结果表明：溶液中大分子链间缠结点在高温下更易打开,流动阻力下降;CS/BC分数增加时缠结作用强,流动阻力升高.故溶液的表观黏度、结构黏度指数、零切黏度、储能模量和损耗模量随着温度的升高而减小,随着壳聚糖/纤维素(CS/BC)分数的增加而增大;剪切频率增加,溶液的表观黏度减小,储能模量和损耗模量增大.     

特低渗透储层渗流特征和影响因素

为了研究特低渗透储层渗流特征及影响因素,以鄂尔多斯盆地白豹油田为例,对特低渗透岩心的单相和两相渗流特征进行分析.结果表明,特低渗岩心单相渗流具有拟启动压力梯度,渗透率越小,拟启动压力梯度越大;其渗流曲线不再为一条直线,而为下凹型曲线,呈现非达西渗流特征;其流变曲线不是直线,而为上凸型曲线,流体为非牛顿假塑性流体,在较小外力作用下不发生流动,只产生弹性变形,只有当外力大于某值时,流体才发生流动,且具有明显的屈服应力;动极限剪切应力与渗透率的关系表明,动极限剪切应力随渗透率减小而急剧增大;随着剪切速率的增大,视黏度逐渐降低,在剪切作用之后,流体浓度具有变小的特性;油水两相渗流曲线说明束缚水饱和度和残余油饱和度偏高,共渗区较窄,且随着含水饱和度增大,油相渗透率快速下降,水相渗透率缓慢增长.岩心的渗透率大小、润湿性、水锁等因素均对渗流特征有影响.     

污水配制污水稀释聚合物溶液黏度影响实验研究

为了研究渤海油田聚合物驱中产出污水对配制新鲜聚合物溶液性能的影响,通过室内模拟方法,研究了高温高盐条件下(82℃、矿化度为10×10~4mg/L),产出污水中残留聚合物浓度、乳化油含量及固体悬浮物含量等因素对聚合物干粉溶解及目标液性能的影响。实验结果表明:随着污水中残聚浓度的升高,所配制的聚合物母液及溶液的表观黏度增大、抗剪切作用增强;当残聚浓度大于600 mg/L时,母液黏度提高率在10%以上;随产出污水中含油及悬浮物浓度的增加,聚合物溶液抗剪切作用增强,而溶液黏度先呈缓慢降低的趋势。当污水含油量与悬浮物浓度超过100 mg/L时,所配制的聚合物母液和目标液黏度都快速下降。"污配"对母液和目标液的溶解、黏度及抗剪切作用产生了较大的影响,因此,在利用保聚污水配聚回注地层时,应尽可能保留残留聚合物而严格控制污水中含油和悬浮物的含量。     

纳米CaCO3-PVC增塑糊流变性能的研究

主要研究了改性纳米CaCO₃填充PVC糊树脂的流变性能。结果表明,改性纳米CaCO₃/PVC增塑糊具有明显的切应力变稀性能和触变性能,与英国ICI公司生产的改性纳米CaCO₃相比,北京化工大学超重力工程研究中心制备的改性纳米CaCO3填充的PVC增塑糊在高剪切速率下粘度相当的情况下低剪切速率时的粘度更高,环面积大一倍左右,具有更好的触变性能。     

中浓度纸浆流变特性的数值模拟

为了研究中浓度纸浆受到剪切力后的流动特征,找到中浓度纸浆在流变过程中的变化规律,对中浓度纸浆在剪切室内剪切流动进行了数值模拟.考虑气体和纤维对纸浆纤维悬浮液的流变特性的影响,将其定义为具有屈服应力和剪切稀化特性的赫巴流体,建立了数值模拟方法.分析了纸浆在不同剪切力作用下的屈服过程,以及屈服应力、表观黏度和剪切稀化指数等物性参数,不同剪切室外径等条件时的流变特性.结果表明:在剪切室内,随着转速的增加,纸浆黏度减小,屈服区域增大,随着剪切室外径增大,纸浆黏度增大,运动区域减小;同转速时,随着屈服应力增大,纸浆黏度增大;随着表观黏度增大,纸浆黏度增大,运动区域减小;随着剪切稀化指数增大,纸浆黏度减小,运动区域增大.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.