鲑鱼、鳟鱼、三文鱼、大麻哈鱼之间是什么关系,如何区分?

<正>A:鲑是硬骨鱼纲、鲑形目(Salmoniformes)、鲑科(Salmonidae)鱼类的通称。它们属于北半球溯河性鱼类,也是世界重要的冷水性大中型经济鱼类。鲑科鱼类包括白鲑属(C0regonus)、大麻哈鱼属(Oncorhynchus)、哲罗鲑属(Hucho)、鲑属(Salmo)、细鳞鲑属(Brachymystax)等ll属,全球共有222种,主要分布于北太平洋、北大西洋及北冰洋海区和沿岸诸水系流域中。有些种类终生生活在淡水中,如细鳞鲑;有些栖息于海洋中,生殖季节长距离洄游,溯河产卵。三文鱼,是英文salmon的音译,主要指鲑属和大麻哈鱼属的种类,有时也翻译成鲑。     

秦岭细鳞鲑Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis Li亚种问题的商榷

本文通过对分布于中国黑龙江、新疆、陕西和甘肃等省的细鳞鲑Brachymystax lenok (Pallas)分类特征的比较,及细鳞鲑在亚洲地理分布的研究,认为各地产的细鳞鲑的主要分类特征差异不大,其地理分布有连续性.对是否存在秦岭细鳞鲑Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis Li亚种的分化,进行了讨论。     

大理某医院检验报告单带菌情况分析

目的:研究检验报告单的带菌情况,并行菌属及菌种类型分析。方法:在检验报告单上直接取样增菌接种于血琼脂平板和麦康凯平板培养,用形态学检验及生化反应鉴定到种。结果:1 000份检验报告单,血琼脂平板共生长细菌719株,其中葡萄球菌属518株占72.04%,肠道杆菌175株占24.34%,枯草杆菌26株占3.62%。麦康凯平板共生长细菌369株,其中葡萄球菌属299株占81.03%,肠道杆菌70株占18.97%。结论:检验报告单主要带菌为葡萄球菌和肠道杆菌,其中葡萄球菌以表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为主,肠道杆菌以耶氏菌和志贺氏菌为主。     

细鳞鱼亟待保护

名贵的冷水性鱼类——细鳞鱼(即秦岭细鳞鲑)是国家"重点保护野生动物名录"中,15种鱼的一种.细鳞鱼的地方名称很多,如桦鱼、花鱼、五色鱼、黄花细鳞鱼、小红鱼等.这些名称都是群众根据鱼的外部形态特征定的,很形象.细鳞鱼的鳞片非常细小,侧线鳞约有140-150个,身体呈银灰色,背部褐色,体两侧及脂鳍上还散布多个黑蓝色圆斑,尤其在繁殖季节,身体腹侧渲染的红色更加艳丽.因为它在分类上归属鲑形目、鲑科,细鳞鱼属,有的鱼类学家称它细鳞鲑.细鳞鱼属于陆封型冷水性鱼     

鳜细菌性烂鳃病的组织及细胞超微结构观察

从亚显微结构观察患有由柱状屈桡杆菌引起的鳜烂鳃病的鳃、肝、肾组织和细胞的病变情况,结果表明：鳃、肝、肾组织和细胞均发生严重病变,其中鳃组织细胞发生大面积坏死;肝、肾病变相对较轻,存在不同程度的病变,细胞从肿胀,变性及坏死解体,坏死的细胞少见。     

银鲑精子液态低温保存方法的研究

报道了利用人工精浆低温液态保存银鲑精子的方法，分别对精浆成分及其不同稀释度下银鲑精子的保存效果进行了分析，研究结果表明，采用人工精浆稀释、低温保存精子的方法可将银鲑精子在液态保存期限最长达到５５ｄ。而且在２５ｄ保存期限内，可维持其精子活力基本稳定。     

杀鲑气单胞菌单克隆抗体的制备及其特性分析

应用杂交瘤单克隆抗体技术制备了6株分泌抗杀鲑气单胞菌杀鲑亚种的单抗细胞株,并对其特性进行分析。结果显示：6株单抗中IgM有3株,IgG1有2株,IgG2a有1株,且抗体效价为1：12800-1：51200,检测灵敏度为1．0×10^5-1．0×10^8cfu·mL^-1。进一步实验证实这些单抗与其他病原菌都无交叉反应。但单抗5C7、7H6与杀日本鲑亚种有交叉反应;单抗8A2与无色亚种存在阳性反应。表明杀鲑气单胞菌亚种之间既有独特的抗原决定簇,又有共同抗原位点。制备的单抗可用于杀鲑气单胞菌的快速诊断和亚种鉴定,为该菌的进一步研究提供必要手段。     

细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok)肝脏对镉暴露的反应

开展镉(Cd)暴露不同时间细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok)急性毒性试验,其中,48 h LC50为(1.06±0.18) mg/L,96hLC50为(0.69±0.13) mg/L.结果显示:Cd暴露可以造成细鳞鲑氧化损伤,形成脂质过氧化,细胞内丙二醛(MDA)变化明显.细鳞鲑的抗氧化防御系统在Cd暴露中具有一定保护作用,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)可作为细鳞鲑Cd暴露的生物标志物之一.     

鲑点石斑鱼细菌病原的分离鉴定和致病性

对海南省三亚地区网箱养殖的发病鲑点石斑鱼 (Epinephelusfario)进行病原分离 ,通过常规细菌学鉴定和应用ATB半自动鉴定系统及VITEK_AMS_6 0自动微生物鉴定系统 ,并与有关的标准菌株为对照 ,鉴定为溶藻弧菌 (Vibrioalginolyticus)。小鼠毒性实验和不同方式感染鲑点石斑鱼实验的结果表明 ,该菌对小鼠有极强的毒力 ,不同感染方式感染鲑点石斑鱼表现不同程度的致病性。同时测定了溶藻弧菌对小鼠和鲑点石斑鱼的LD50 分别为 3 2× 10 5个 /mL和 2 1× 10 7个 /mL。进一步比较溶藻弧菌对青石斑鱼 (Epinephelusowoara)、真鲷 (Pagrosomusmajor)、平鲷 (Rhabdosargussarba)、黑鲷 (Sparusaurata)、红鳍笛鲷 (Lutjanuserythopterus)、黄斑蓝子鱼 (Siganusoramia)等一些常见海水养殖鱼类的致病性 ,该菌能导致不同海水养殖鱼类死亡并表现一定程度的症状。     

千河流域秦岭细鳞鲑资源调查报告

秦岭细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis)属典型的陆封性冷水鱼类,国家Ⅱ级重点保 护水生野生动物,是细鳞鲑属(Brachymystax)所有物种中分布最南端的1个亚种,秦岭山脉北麓的 千河流域内目前数量较多.通过实地调查表明,千河流域内分布的秦岭细鳞鲑种群发生了3个明显 的变化:(1)分布最低高度由原来海拔1 000 m上移至1 200 m,分布范围缩小;(2)个体小型化; (3)种群数量减少.文中还就秦岭细鳞鲑的保护对策提出了建议.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.