金坛盐穴储气库腔体偏溶特征分析

国内可用于盐穴储气库建设的盐矿以层状盐岩为主,造腔过程中普遍存在腔体偏溶现象,研究其特征及成因对国内以后盐穴储气库的建设具有一定的借鉴作用。以国内第一个盐穴储气库金坛储气库为研究对象,基于声呐测腔数据,提出了以偏溶系数,即腔体最大半径与同一平面最小半径的比值,来定量表征腔体的偏溶程度,最大半径方向即为腔体偏溶方向。统计结果表明,金坛储气库腔体偏溶系数1.13~11.88,偏溶方向以北东南西向为主。结合夹层、可造腔盐层厚度和地应力数据,分析了腔体偏溶发生的原因,认为造腔过程中夹层的不均匀垮塌可促使腔体发生偏溶;可造腔盐层厚度越大,腔体发生偏溶的可能性就越大,偏溶程度就越严重;地应力方向对腔体的偏溶方向具有重要影响。     

平顶山盐穴储气库建库地质条件评价

 在平顶山盐岩矿区三维地震解释、资料井及老井钻探成果基础上,对研究区断裂发育、构造形态及盐岩地层横纵向展布特征进行精细研究,并对盖层和夹层分别取心开展室内实验以评价盖层及夹层密封性。通过对平顶山地区盐岩建库地质条件的综合评价,认为该地区适合建设盐穴地下储气库。结果表明:平顶山盐矿总体构造形态简单,盐岩沉积中心断裂不发育且盐层厚度较大;盐岩地层厚度大,横向分布稳定,其中14~20 盐群厚度平均200 m 以上,含矿率高,夹层数量少,可以作为建库的目的层位;盖层及夹层以泥岩为主,微观孔喉结构小,连通性差,渗透性能差,不利于气体的运移,具备一定的封闭能力,满足储气库地质评价要求。     

盐穴储气库溶腔夹层应力分布规律

 针对层状盐岩地层水溶造腔过程中不溶性夹层的破坏坍塌现象,建立了夹层力学分析模型,应用小挠度薄板弯曲理论求解,得到了夹层剖面内各应力分量的分布规律。对夹层破坏坍塌条件进行分析,给出了一种计算夹层极限跨度的方法。研究成果为盐穴储气库水溶造腔过程中夹层破坏坍塌的预测提供了理论依据和有效的计算方法。     

夹层对岩盐储气库水溶建腔的影响分析

为了研究夹层对岩盐储气库水溶建腔的影响,根据小挠度的薄板弯曲模型,建立岩盐地层中夹层的数学模型,通过对岩盐储气库水溶建腔进行动态模拟数值计算,分析夹层对岩盐储气库水溶建腔形态和建腔周期的影响规律,同时给出了夹层的强度较核和断裂极限长度的求解方法。研究结果表明,岩盐储气库应选择在夹层数量尽量少而薄的地层条件下建设,有利于腔体形态的控制,同时能够有效降低溶腔周期。     

复杂地质条件下初始地应力场反演分析方法

为获得较为合理和准确的初始地应力场分布,考虑了复杂地质条件中地形地貌及断层对地应力场的影响,提出了结合地层剥蚀模拟和侧压力系数法的地应力反演分析方法.该方法对侧压力系数法进行了改进,通过逐次开挖地层近似模拟地表剥蚀过程对现今地应力场的影响,并采用了隐含断层单元,将断层力学效应反映在岩体单元中,从而模拟断层附近地应力场的分布规律.最后对水电站地下厂房区域的地应力场进行了反演分析,结果表明:测点反演值与实测值符合良好,反演结果充分反映了河谷及断层区域地应力场的基本分布规律.     

平顶山盐岩力学特性及废弃盐腔稳定性分析

为了分析废弃盐腔的稳定性,对平顶山盐矿、盐岩、泥质硬石膏岩样进行单轴和三轴压缩试验以及蠕变试验,获得相应的力学特征。对平顶山盐矿某区压裂井、连通井和单井等建库完成后的腔体稳定性进行了数值模拟。结果表明,盐岩层呈现良好的延性变形特征,含泥质硬石膏岩夹层呈现脆性变形的特征。溶腔形状对腔体位移、应力分析以及稳定性等影响较大,从溶腔废弃开始到运行10a,道1井溶腔的最大位移出现在溶腔顶部靠右侧的位置,D1-2单井溶腔的最大位移出现在溶腔围岩边缘腰部位置,而L3-3压裂井溶腔顶部的位移值过大,溶腔顶部和底部已经坍塌,在泥岩夹层处应力集中现象比较明显。道1井溶腔左上角和右上角位置出现塑性区,D1-2单井溶腔顶部位置出现塑性区,在D1-1和D1-2溶腔群的矿柱之间出现了比较大的应力集中。在储气库运行期间,应该提高储气库的最低运行压力并缩短其在低压下的运行时间。     

程潮铁矿岩爆倾向性分析及其能量预测

根据系统的工程地质调查,在对井下-430～-568m范围内岩样进行力学实验研究的基础上,采用RMR岩体分类方法和高地应力条件下适应性较好的Q系统,对深部围岩进行了工程分类,并分析了RMR、RQD与岩爆的关系. 认为程潮铁矿深部(-500m以下)岩体发生岩爆的可能性较大. 通过对矿区地应力分布规律的研究,探讨了矿区高应力环境对岩爆孕育的影响. 最后,通过对矿区采场三维有限元数值模拟,分析了深部开采矿岩能量分布规律,据此推断该矿岩爆临界深度在-500m水平. 从模拟结果可以看出:地应力环境受上部开采活动的影响,-500m水平应力明显增加,高于-533m水平;-533m水平以下,随着垂直深度增加,矿岩能量最大值逐渐增大.     

盐穴储气库夹层力学简化模型研究

笔者针对盐穴储气库溶腔夹层的受力与破坏特征,运用应用梁的弯曲理论,建立了夹层简化力学模型,并应用该模型进行了求解,得到了夹层剖面内弯曲剪应力和弯曲正应力分量的分布规律,计算结果与应用小挠度薄板弯曲理论计算结果基本一致。但应用本文所建简化力学模型求解时,不依赖于夹层弹性模量和泊松比。研究成果为盐穴储气库溶腔夹层的力学分析提供了一种简单有效的计算方法,方便现场应用。     

金坛盐穴储气库畸形对盐腔体积影响

金坛盐穴储气库属于层状盐岩型储气库，建设过程中经常出现腔体畸形、偏溶现象，严重降低盐腔有效体积。研究腔体畸形对盐腔体积的影响规律，并在造腔过程中加以控制，将有助于加快库容工作气形成。结合金坛盐穴储气库实际盐腔情况，分析了腔体畸形、偏溶和底坑形状对盐腔有效体积的影响，并根据其形成原因给出了相应解决措施。结果表明，金坛盐穴储气库畸形、偏溶腔体约占总数的30%，畸形系数（11.8~90.1）×10^-3，畸形系数越大盐层利用率越低；畸形导致横截面为椭圆形，且不同深度的腔体直径差别较大，使腔体周围盐层利用率降低；偏溶使井间矿柱宽度过低，矿柱比减小，腔体直径受限，腔体积严重降低；底坑形状可分为“V”形、“一”形、“\”形、“A”形4种，其注气排卤效率依次降低，其中，“\”形、“A”形最不利盐腔空间利用，严重降低储气体积。对于腔体畸形可采用的控制手段有降低排量、采用正循环、天然气阻溶回溶等技术。对于偏溶可采用预测偏溶方向合理设计井位、降低矿柱比增加腔体直径等措施。底坑畸形尚无有效控制手段和提高注气排卤措施。该研究为后期腔体形状控制和提高盐腔体积奠定了理论基础，将有助于加快金坛盐穴储气库建设速度。     

地形条件对大安山井田地应力的影响

针对大安山井田复杂的地质条件,采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测手段,研究了地形条件对大安山井田地应力的影响。通过理论分析探讨了地形条件对井田地应力的影响规律,结合实测结果与数值计算结果验证了理论分析的有效性。所建立的理论分析模型及分析方法经进一步改进后,完全可以应用于地形条件对井田地应力的影响规律分析。在浅部地层,地形条件对井田地应力场的影响较大。随采深的增加,这种影响逐渐减弱。深部地层应力场主要由自重应力和构造应力组成。地形条件是影响井田地应力场分布特征的重要因素。在采区设计阶段,就应该首先查明井田地形条件,详细分析地形条件对地应力的影响,充分考虑因地形因素造成的应力集中区域。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.