电解液中Li2SO4对ZAlSi12合金微弧氧化膜特性的影响

采用微弧氧化技术在ZAlSi12合金表面制备氧化膜,研究了Li2SO4的加入对微弧氧化膜性能的影响.随着电解液中Li2SO4含量增加,试样表面氧化膜变厚且粗糙.X射线衍射分析表明,微弧氧化膜主要由A12O3相和莫来石相组成.加入Li2SO4且经微弧氧化处理得到的试样耐腐蚀性能优于未经微弧氧化处理的试样.     

硬脂酸改性处理TC4钛合金微弧氧化膜层耐蚀性的研究

在Ti₆Al₄V合金微弧氧化膜层上采用硬脂酸改性处理实现了陶瓷膜层的疏水化转变，显著提高了钛合金的耐蚀性能。利用接触角测试仪、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）对膜层的润湿性、稳定性、微观结构和化学组成进行了分析，并通过动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗分析了其腐蚀行为。结果表明，改性处理得到的疏水微弧氧化膜层试样能有效修复微弧氧化膜层缺陷，提高钛合金的耐蚀性能，说明硬脂酸改性处理与微弧氧化技术相结合有助于拓宽微弧氧化技术在钛合金上的应用。     

微弧氧化WE43镁合金人工髋关节摩擦磨损行为研究

在硅酸钠体系中对WE43镁合金人工髋关节进行微弧氧化,采用扫描电镜（SEM）观察微弧氧化膜层表面微观形貌,进而进行摩擦磨损性能试验,探讨其磨损机制。结果表明,经微弧氧化后可得到生长均匀、致密的氧化层;微弧氧化膜层具有一定的减摩效果和抗循环疲劳的能力,抗磨效果良好;微弧氧化WE43镁合金在低中载荷下磨损机制为磨粒磨损,高载荷下为磨粒磨损与剥落磨损并存。     

Ti基体上形成微弧氧化膜组成和结构的研究

在甘油磷酸钙和醋酸钙电解液中采用直流电源对纯Ti进行了微弧氧化.采用微弧氧化方法所制备的氧化膜具有粗糙多孔的结构,且微孔直径随着电压的增加而增大.AES分析表明在基体与氧化膜界面发生了扩散,从基体钛到氧化膜的表面氧的浓度逐渐增大,钛的浓度逐渐减小.XPS分析表明氧化膜的组成随着所施加的微弧氧化电压而改变,微弧氧化电压为200 V时TiO2、Ti2O3和TiO占Ti的原子百分比分别为72.61%、22.08%和5.31%;当微弧氧化电压为350 V时氧化膜表面Ti元素只由TiO2、Ti2O3,组成,且占Ti的原子百分比分别为85.48%、14.52%.     

电源参数及KF和SiC纳米颗粒对ZK60 镁合金微弧氧化膜的影响

对ZK60镁合金在硅酸盐体系、不同的电源参数情况下进行微弧氧化研究.通过实验分析,得到如下结果:微弧氧化时间对膜层的耐蚀性能有较大的影响.当膜层生长到一定厚度后,耐蚀性随微弧氧化时间的延长而变差;当电流较小时,膜层均匀,孔洞较小,当电流增大时,膜层粗糙,孔洞变大,并且容易产生裂纹;KF对镁合金微弧氧化膜层的生成有很好的促进作用,当加入KF为12g/L时,膜层厚度较没加KF增加一倍多,耐蚀性也得到很大提高.当F-浓度过高时,生成的膜层粗糙,而且容易脱落.在电解液中加入纳米SiC颗粒对微弧氧化膜层的厚度和耐蚀性无明显影响.     

Ti-15Mo-3Al-2.7Nb-0.3Si合金微弧氧化处理工艺研究

通过研究微弧氧化的工艺条件,制备具有生物活性的陶瓷膜,得到适宜于制备多孔生物活性膜的电解液配方,其中(CH3COO)2Ca?H2O的浓度为0.1mol/L、NaH2PO4?2H2O的浓度为0.06~0.2 mol/L,脉冲电压为400V~500V。结果表明,随电解液浓度的增加,起弧电压降低,陶瓷层孔隙率最大达到17.58%,脉冲电压在400V~500V之间时,表面涂层中锐钛矿相TiO2最大,且无微裂纹产生。采用该微弧氧化工艺,合金表面制备的陶瓷膜具有分布均匀的多孔结构。     

微弧氧化时间对Ti6Al4V合金表面生物薄膜的影响

为了改善钛合金表面的生物学性能,试验采用微弧氧化的方法在Ti6A l4V合金的表面生成一层富含Ca和P的生物氧化薄膜.研究了在恒流模式下不同氧化时间对膜层的形貌、厚度、元素以及相的组成变化的影响.研究结果表明:随着氧化时间的增加,膜层逐渐变得凹凸不平;膜厚的增速变缓;Ca质量分数呈线性增长;P质量分数呈递减式增长;锐钛矿TiO2的相对含量先增长,然后逐渐减少.     

Fe-Ni-Cr玻封合金氧化膜及其封接性能

Ｎｉ４２Ｃｒ６Ｆｅ合金广泛用于制作显象管玻壳阳极帽。为了改善它作为软玻璃的气密性封接材料的性能，采用ＴＥＭ、ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ等技术研究此合金表面氧化膜的组成、结构及其气密性封接性能，以选择合适气密封接的氧化膜条件。试验结果表明，氧化初期以Ｃｒ２Ｏ３为主，后期以（Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ）Ｃｒ２Ｏ４为主。氧化膜表面为（Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ）Ｃｒ２Ｏ４，主要起浸润玻璃作用；氧化膜底层为Ｃｒ２Ｏ３，主要起致密稳定和与基体连接的作用。     

Al-Si合金微弧氧化膜结构和成分表征

使用扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析了Al-Si铸造铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的形貌、成分和相组成，并探讨了陶瓷相的形成机制．在硅酸盐溶液中形成的陶瓷膜主要由莫来石、α-Al2O2，γ-Al2O3晶态相和SiO2非晶相组成．膜具有3层结构，电解液离子已扩散到膜的内层，另一方面，Al-Si基体中的硅元素也促进了膜层中莫来石的形成．微弧放电引起膜局部熔化，但对Al-Si合金基体显微组织没有影响．     

镁合金微弧氧化的电解液组分研究

利用交流微弧氧化装置对AZ91D镁合金在1组分、2组分、3组分和4组分电解液中进行了微弧氧化处理,并通过电化学测试技术研究了微弧氧化处理后膜层的耐蚀性能.实验结果表明:能显著提高镁合金耐蚀性能的微弧氧化电解液,多为含NaAlO2组分的碱性溶液;电解液中添加H2O2和C4H4O6Na2等组分,可进一步提高膜层的耐蚀性.微弧氧化处理后,膜层表面光滑、均匀、致密,并由尖晶石结构的MgAl2O4相和MgO相组成.NaAlO2组分的存在,能与膜层中的MgO相在微弧氧化过程中一起烧结形成具有尖晶石结构的MgAl2O4耐蚀相,从而提高镁合金的耐蚀性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…