不同条件下花岗岩中声波传播速度的规律

应用超声波混凝土测试仪(TICO),系统研究了含水率、裂纹、应力和温度对花岗岩内波速传播的影响.实验发现含水率对波速影响比较大,饱和岩样的声波传播速度高于不饱和岩样的声波传播速度;人工预制裂纹对声波传播速度影响不大;单轴压缩条件下,声波传播速度随应变增加逐渐降低;在同一温度(160℃)下,波速随保温时间的增加而逐渐降低;在对岩样逐渐加热情况下,初始加热阶段波速略有升高,当温度达到60℃时,岩样波速达到峰值,之后随着温度继续升高其波速逐渐下降;波速随温度变化具有一定的尺寸效应.实验结果表明,声波在岩石内传播速度受很多外在因素影响,并具有一定的传播规律.     

波速测试法在冻结粉质黏土强度研究中的应用

采用超声波技术测定冻土强度指标和分析其影响因素是目前冻土学术界及冻土工程领域研究的重点课题,冻土纵波波速与温度和含水率关系研究是该课题研究的重要和关键内容.用SYC-2型超声波测试仪和20 kHz超声换能器实测了不同温度和不同含水率下冻结粉质黏土的纵波波速,对实验数据进行了分析,结果表明:含水量一定时,总的趋势是冻结粉质黏土纵波波速随冻结温度的降低而增加,-7 ℃是冻结粉质黏土波速增长的拐点,-20 ℃是冻结粉质黏土波速快速增长的拐点;冻结温度一定时,其纵波波速和冻土强度随含水率的增加有下降的趋势,含水率20%是纵波波速变化的拐点, 含水率大于24%时,纵波波速增长趋于平缓.文章结论对冻土工程设计与施工及基坑挡土墙冻结工程有较强的参考价值.     

温度对白垩系砂岩超声波P波特性的影响

为探索五种砂岩在不同低温状态下的超声波纵波特性,通过电液伺服控制低温岩石测试系统对五种饱和砂岩进行降温处理,同时利用ULT-200型超声波速仪进行超声波测试,获取了不同低温状态下的纵波波形,研究了低温作用下不同砂岩的纵波特性。结果表明：温度降至-5℃,波形更符合弹性介质的传播规律;初至时间和波速、波阻抗密切相关,随温度降低,五种饱和砂岩的纵波初至时间均减小,减小的趋势相似,从0℃降至-5℃,初至时间减小43% ~56%,五种饱和砂岩的波速和波阻抗增大速率几乎完全相同,由0℃降至-5℃,增大值约占总增大量的65% ~75%;初至波波峰、波谷、波速、波阻抗和品质因子(衰减特性)与不同种类的饱和砂岩粒径、孔隙率和密度不相关,与温度相关,五种饱和砂岩的初至波波峰、波谷、波速、波阻抗和品质因子在20℃时差别很大,均随温度降低而增大,不同降温阶段,增大速率相差较大,由0℃降至-10℃,增量约占总增大值的65% ~85%,从0℃降至-5℃增大最显著,其它降温阶段均缓慢增大。     

岩石加载过程声波波速变化规律实验研究

通过对花岗岩、片麻岩、大理岩和砂岩进行加载,探寻岩石波速随应力变化的响应特征.实验结果表明:花岗岩和片麻岩在线弹性加载阶段,波速-应力呈线性上升;波速达到峰值之后,波速-应力为二次函数非线性变化,再继续加载则岩样发生破坏.大理岩及砂岩在整个加载过程中波速基本保持恒定.依据成岩类型将波速变化分为两种类型:Ⅰ型,波速线性增加—峰值波速—缓慢下降—突然下降(破坏);Ⅱ型,波速不变—突然下降(破坏).在循环荷载作用下,岩石在线弹性加载阶段,波速呈线性上升;当增加到一定载荷,波速突然下降,岩样发生破坏.以上研究表明,在线弹性加载阶段,波速增加主要是密度变化引起的,裂纹萌生、扩展、贯通直接影响波速随应力的...     

热处理对岩石波速及孔渗的影响

在常压条件下 ,对干燥粉砂岩、灰岩和砾岩 3种储层岩石进行了高温处理 ,测量并分析了岩石波速、渗透率和孔隙度与温度的变化关系。结果表明 ,热处理过程中岩石波速、渗透率和孔隙度等物理性质的变化存在一个突变温度域。经过高温处理后的岩石 ,其波速随温度升高而下降 ,渗透率和孔隙度随温度升高而增加。在阈值温度附近岩石波速、渗透率和孔隙度变化幅度最大 ;高于阈值温度后 ,影响岩石渗透率和孔隙度变化的主要机理是早期产生的微裂纹宽度增加。该实验结果为现场储层热处理效果评价及技术应用提供了依据。     

贺兰山岩画区岩石吸水特性试验研究

岩石吸水率、纵波波速及其相互关系对研究岩石的物理性质与力学性质具有重要意义.选取贺兰山岩画区岩石为样品,进行岩样吸水率实验,探究岩样吸水率和随浸水时间的关系,建立吸水率的数值拟合函数.在吸水率实验的基础上,探究岩样在干燥状态及浸水饱和状态下纵波波速的变化,并分析岩样分别在自然吸水和饱和吸水过程中,岩样吸水率对纵波波速的影响.实验结果表明,岩样吸水率随浸水时间的延长而增大,并能够用对数型函数进行数值拟合,岩样在浸水饱和状态下的纵波波速明显大于干燥状态下的纵波波速.     

热处理对岩石波速及孔渗的影响

在常压条件下，对干燥粉砂岩、灰岩和砾岩3种储层岩石进行了高温处理，测量并分析了岩石波速、渗透率和孔隙度与温度的变化关系。结果表明，热处理过程中岩石波速、渗透率和孔隙度等物理性质的变化存在一个突变温度域。经过高温处理后的岩石，其波速随温度升高而下降，渗透率和孔隙度随温度升高而增加。在阈值温度附近岩石波速、渗透率和孔隙度变化幅度最大；高于阈值温度后，影响岩石渗透率和孔隙度变化的主要机理是早期产生的微裂纹宽度增加。该实验结果为现场储层热处理效果评价及技术应用提供了依据。     

养殖密度和温度对瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼生长影响实验研究

研究了养殖密度和温度对瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼在设施养殖中生长的影响.分别设置5个养殖密度(80、160、240、320和400ind/m3)和5个温度(18℃、22℃、26℃、30℃和自然水温),经过30 d的养殖试验发现养殖密度和温度对瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼在设施养殖中的摄食和生长都有显著影响.日增重、特定增长率、生长效率、摄食效率随密度的增大而减小,净增重240和160ind/m3两密度组最高;随着温度的升高,日增重、特定增长率、生长效率均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,其中26℃组生长最快,摄食效率则随温度的升高而增大.特定生长率与密度之间存在显著负线性相关,其关系式为:SGR=2.4328-0.0041SD(r2=0.9948);养殖温度和特定增长率之间存在显著二次曲线相关,其回归方程式为:SGR=-0.0049T- 0.2669T-1.7871(r2=0.9645),当水温为27.2℃,瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼的特定增长率为最大1.847,表明瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼最适生长水温应在26～29℃之间.     

工程温压内花岗岩破裂特征与机理分析

深部复杂环境中热力条件下岩石破裂机理是当前研究热点之一。采用统计方法对工程温压内花岗岩单轴、三轴压缩、三轴卸荷试验条件下宏观破裂特征进行了分区分析,并探讨了其机理。结果显示:低温低围压区(20~40℃、0~5 MPa)岩样以剪切破坏为主,伴有次级张拉裂缝。低温高围压区(20~40℃、15~30 MPa)岩样为剪切破坏,且随着围压升高,出现多个剪切破裂面。高温低围压区(60~130℃、0~5 MPa)岩样为张拉破坏。高温高围压区(60~130℃、15~30 MPa)岩样为剪切破坏。围压增加试样峰值强度明显增加,升温试样峰值强度变化不大。研究表明:在工程温压内,岩样性能主要受围压影响;温度对岩样破裂方式有一定的影响,尤其是低围压区。针对温压耦合条件,传统的考虑单一变量的分析结果偏于片面,而分区考虑双变量的分析结果更为客观合理;宜建立多破裂面复合型模型探讨其发生机理。     

温度对几种作物尖孢镰刀菌菌株生长的影响

不同温度对几种作物枯萎病原菌生长影响的试验结果表明:在15～25℃范围内,甜瓜、西瓜、网纹甜瓜、黄瓜、甜椒、花生和豇豆7个寄主的枯萎病原菌菌株生长速度随温度的升高而增大,生长适宜温度为20～30℃,25±1℃时生长最快,25～30℃温度下,生长速度减缓;辣椒枯萎病原与以上的病原生长特性不同,辣椒枯萎病原菌菌株F L.6.5 030710 1在15～35℃温度范围内一直呈增长趋势;25±1℃,菌株的生长过程分3个阶段:0～24h为生长初期,菌株的生长速度缓慢;24～72h为生长中期,菌落直径迅速扩大;72～120h为生长后期,菌株的生长速度变慢.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.