模拟烟道中粉尘粒子的荷电凝并实验研究

基于电凝并理论,在模拟电除尘器烟道中增设预荷电装置,进行了高压电场荷电凝并研究.实验结果表明,将预荷电装置安装于烟道中,离子浓度比除尘电场中高约1个数量级,有利于提高粉尘的荷电量,增强带电粒子的凝并作用;交变电场比直流电场更利于带电粒子凝并,最佳电场频率为40 Hz;电凝并作用可以使粒子粒径增大21%左右,总除尘效率提高2.6%～3.5%,有利于实现电除尘器的小型化.     

荷电粉尘在交变电场中的凝并与收集

应用类似于Ｗｉｌｌｉａｍｓ求声凝并系数的方法导出异性荷电粉尘在交变电场中的凝并系数,根据粉尘凝并过程趋于“自保分布”的概念,得出粉尘中位径随凝并时间变化关系式和异极性荷电粉尘在交变电场中的凝并除尘效率近似计算式·提出一种新型双区式电凝并除尘装置,在相同条件下,理论与试验研究结果表明:新型双区电凝并除尘装置的除尘效率不仅高于电除尘器,而且在结构上优于三区电凝并除尘装置·     

烟尘在交变电场中的电凝并收集

为有效地收集微细粉尘,提出一种具有双区电极布置形式的电凝并除尘装置。其特点是在交变电场中同时实现尘粒的荷电与凝并。通过分析多分散性粉尘粒度随凝并时间变化规律,给出异极性行电粉尘在交变电场中的凝并除尘效率的近似计算式。试验研究结果表明;所提出的双区电凝并除尘尽优于现有的三区电凝并除尘器和普通静电除尘器。     

逆流荷电双区ESP改善高比电阻粉尘除尘效果

为了改善ESP对含高比电阻粉尘烟气的除尘效果,对比测定了常规单、双区及逆流荷电双区三种静电除尘器模型在净化分别含有正常或高比电阻粉尘气体时的U-I特性和除尘效率.常规单、双区ESP在净化含高比电阻粉尘气体的过程中,当极间电压升高至50 kV时,收尘电场发生反电晕,且除尘效率开始下降;而逆流荷电双区ESP净化含高比电阻粉尘气体与净化含有正常比电阻粉尘的U-I特性曲线并无明显差异,两种粉尘的净化效率与极间电压之间的关系曲线也呈相同的变化态势.研究结果证实,对于净化含有高比电阻粉尘烟气,新型ESP可以避免发生反电晕,有效改善除尘效果.     

细颗粒物荷电凝并技术研究进展

我国很多城市存在颗粒粉尘浓度超标的现象,可吸入性粉尘无论对环境和人体都有较大的危害,治理烟尘污染刻不容缓,但粉尘粒径小而难以被除尘器直接捕集,而荷电凝并可通过电场的作用使粉尘粒子荷电而发生凝并,增大有效直径从而便于捕集.综述了国内外电凝并技术的研究进展,主要包括交变电场中同极性荷电颗粒凝并、直流电场中异极性荷电颗粒凝并、交变电场中异极性荷电颗粒凝并;介绍了几种荷电凝并方法,提出提高荷电凝并几率方法的主要发展趋势,为电凝并技术的实际应用和装备开发提供参考.     

电除尘器中粉尘粒子的凝并

应用电流体力学和外力场输运理论,分析了电收尘器中带电粉尘粒子的凝并现象。在一定的简化条件下建立了粒子凝并速率计算式,并通过实验进一步探讨了带电粉尘粒子凝并的机理。研究结果表明,电场中带电粉尘粒子的凝并受粒子表面电荷分布和电荷量、粒径、粒子所带电荷的极性以及中性电荷粒子的影响。无论单极或双极电晕,带电的粉尘粒子都发生凝并,但带正、负电荷粒子的凝并受限于某一作用范围。     

新型静电高压脉冲预荷电装置的研究

报道了新近研制的静电除尘系统的高压脉冲预荷电装置及其结构设计、荷电原理和脉冲供电电源，并讨论了脉冲荷电克服反电晕的机理及脉冲荷电对微小尘粒的荷电机理     

线-管式双极预荷电器的极间电场分布模型

电场分布是电除尘理论研究的核心问题之一。为提高对微细颗粒物的捕集效率,拟从理论上明确线-管式横向双极预荷电器这种新型电极结构的极间电场分布规律。基于高斯通量定律,建立了线-线电极的电场分布函数;根据电场叠加原理,推导出线-管式预荷电器极间电场分布模型;结合其电器电极结构对称分布特点,可划分为6个不同的荷电区域,分别采用线-管式预荷电器的极间电场分布模型进行求解。线-管式双极预荷电器内正、负电场对称分布有利于提高静电凝聚速率和除尘效率、减少累积电荷和抑制反电晕烧袋现象。     

高流场中微细粉尘荷电凝并粗化对电捕集效率的影响

 目前电除尘器存在微小颗粒粉尘捕集效率低、本体体积庞大和能耗高等问题。本文基于烟道中粒子动量高,放电通道中离子输运特性较好的特点,将离子源、荷电凝并装置设置于电除尘器前烟道中。实验结果表明,离子浓度随电场强度加大而增加;在高离子动量情况下,烟道中的离子浓度可达到1.97×109/cm3,比现有电除尘器的离子浓度高出2~3个数量级;矩形电晕极优于圆形电晕极,而芒刺电晕极起晕电压低,耗能少,产生离子浓度高且稳定,因此以芒刺电晕极为最佳;中位径为0.2?滋m的硅粉、中位径为6?滋m的滑石粉和两种粉体的混合粉等微细颗粒荷电凝并后被粗化为电除尘器有效捕集的颗粒,电捕集效率显著提高。本实验可在不增加电除尘器室数、不改变原有运行方式和运行参数条件下,有效解决现有电除尘器预荷电离子浓度过低问题,增大其捕集效率。     

静电除尘器飞灰颗粒除尘特性的数值研究

针对350 MW超临界热电机组静电除尘飞灰颗粒除尘系统,基于FLUENT软件,采用κ-ε双方程湍流模型,三维数值研究飞灰颗粒的除尘特性。研究了粉尘比电阻、颗粒粒径、流速以及电压对静电除尘器除尘效率的影响规律。研究结果表明:除尘器飞灰颗粒收尘效率随比电阻的增大而减小;放电电压、颗粒粒径和烟气流速对静电除尘器的影响很明显。收尘效率随放电电压提高而增大;颗粒粒径越大,收尘效率越高;降低烟气流速,提高颗粒物的收尘效率。研究结果可为电站飞灰粉尘超净排放技术改善提供依据和方法。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.