红土镍矿真空碳热还原过程中镁的行为

以云南元江红土镍矿为研究对象,采用XRD,EM-EDS和化学成分分析等手段,研究红土镍矿真空碳热还原反应的热力学、还原产物的物相转变和金属镁的挥发冷凝机理,探讨红土镍矿真空碳热还原过程中镁的行为.实验结果表明:真空中氧化镁的还原是固体碳直接还原的固-固反应,临界反应温度为1 476 K,生成的金属镁极易挥发,在冷凝系统凝华收集;还原产物主要有SiC,Fe-Si合金,Mg2SiO4,Mg和SiO气体;SiO在冷凝系统生成Si和SiO2;反应温度的升高、还原煤用量的增加和反应时间的延长,镁的还原率都显著增大;不同种类的添加剂催化效果不同,CaO和CaF2的催化效果较好:在温度较低的冷凝系统,Mg容易与CO,O2和Si发生反应生成MgO和Mg2Si,影响金属镁的纯度.     

真空碳热还原含锌粉尘制备锌热力学模拟研究

采用FactSage7.2软件模拟研究真空碳热还原高炉、电炉和转底炉粉尘在不同温度、配碳量条件下的热力学行为,分析了不同条件下锌的挥发率.结果表明:以高炉粉尘为实验原料,升高实验温度和增加配碳量有利于粉尘的还原和锌的挥发,在温度为700℃、配碳量为14％条件下锌被完全还原并挥发;以电炉粉尘为实验原料,升高温度和增加配碳...     

硬质合金热处理和钴粘结相的转变温度

本工作证实WC-Co系硬质合金通过热处理可以提高其抗弯强度。所增加的抗弯强度决定于合金中钴的含量,钴含量越高的合金,其抗弯强度的增加重也就越多。主要是由于淬火热处理抑制了高温稳定的面心立方钴相转变成密排六方钴相。 本实验还采用差热分析仪测定了WC—Co系合金在加热过程中,密排六方钴相转变成面心立方钴相的相变温度。发现其相变温度随合金中钴含量的增加而升高,如YG8是742℃,YG15是770℃,YG20是821℃,这是由于高钴合金的粘结相在升温过程中有较高的钨含量。 本实验中还发现,烧结后低钴硬质合金要高于高钴硬质合金的粘结相中的钨含量,因为低钴硬质合金的烧结温度通常是高于高钴硬质合金,一般说来烧结温度越高,则粘结相中的钨含量也就越高,但当烧结态硬质合金再一次加热时,其钴结相中的钨含量要增加。所以淬火后高钴硬质合金的粘结相中的钨含量甚至比低钴硬质合金的粘结相中的还要高,这就是为什么钴粘结相由密度六方转变成面心立方的温度随硬质合金中钴含量的增加而提高。     

鲕状赤铁矿深度还原过程中温度对磷分布规律的影响

针对鲕状赤铁矿石深度还原过程中有害元素磷在金属相中富集的问题,对深度还原过程中磷富集过程进行了研究.在配碳系数为2.0,还原时间80 min,还原温度分别为1 200,1 225,1 250和1 275℃条件下,分析了磷元素在还原物料中的分布规律及还原过程中磷元素的迁移路径.试验结果表明:在1 225℃以下时,磷元素含量由渣相内部到相界面逐渐升高,由相界面到金属相内部逐渐降低;1 250℃以上时,磷含量由渣相到金属相内部逐渐升高.此外,还原过程中磷元素的走向为:磷元素最初主要存在于磷酸盐中,反应开始后磷酸盐与C反应,磷元素被还原为单质磷溶入铁,并在金属相中富集.     

16Cr3NiWMoVNbE渗碳淬火组织与 热物理力学性能的数值模拟

基于JMatPro软件,模拟计算了4种不同含碳量的16Cr3NiWMoVNbE钢的渗碳淬火组织演变,研究分析了合金的平衡相组成,热物理、力学性能参数,连续转变曲线(CCT)以及Jominy淬透性曲线.研究结果表明,随着碳含量逐渐增加至0.76%,合金A1和A3温度降低715.97和760.00℃,而淬火组织中的渗碳体含量增多至4.67%,合金淬火末端的抗拉强度、屈服强度与洛氏硬度分别强化为2 350.12 MPa,2 193.62 MPa,61.87,这3种力学性能在距离淬火端面4~9 cm有最大降幅.合金中铁素体(F)、珠光体(P)、贝氏体(B)、马氏体(M)的转变温度均随着碳含量的增加分别从850.0,779.4,469.2,361.9℃降至727.4,760.4,431.4,193.9℃.     

从不锈钢粉尘中选择性提取Cr、Ni和Zn重金属

基于热力学计算结果,通过配碳还原-熔分工艺,从不锈钢粉尘中选择性分步提取了Cr、Ni和Zn重金属元素.配碳还原实验结果表明,不锈钢粉尘的最佳配碳量为20%,粉尘中Fe、Ni和Zn的最低还原温度为1050℃,Cr的最低还原温度是1 400℃,与热力学计算结果一致,通过控制温度实现了对粉尘中金属的选择性分步还原.直接还原熔分实验说明,Fe-Cr合金最佳熔分温度为1550℃,粉尘中金属以Fe-Ni-Cr合金形式被提取出来,渣金分离状况良好,反应时间5min时金属提取率已达到75%左右,15 min时Fe和Cr收得率达到85%以上,Ni超过90%.通过控制配碳量、还原时间与反应温度,在不改变现有工艺的条件下,不锈钢粉尘直接返回炼钢主流程回收其重金属完全可行.     

真空碳热还原过程中二氧化硅的挥发行为

为了解在真空碳热还原过程中SiO2的还原特性以及还原过程中的主要影响因素,对二氧化硅的还原过程进行热力学分析,得出化学反应自由能和临界温度。在系统压力为2~200 Pa条件下,以分析纯SiO2和Fe2O3为原料,采用XRD,SEM,EDS和化学成分分析等手段,研究Fe/Si摩尔比、配碳量、反应时间、还原剂粒度和升温速率对硅的挥发率和还原反应速率的影响。实验结果表明:在100 Pa条件下,SiO2的临界反应温度为1 330~1 427 K。SiO2发生气化反应生成的SiO气体挥发至石墨冷凝系统歧化生成Si和SiO2,造成硅的损失,且有部分SiO气体和石墨反应生成SiC;增大Fe/Si摩尔比和配碳量以及减小还原剂粒度均降低了硅的挥发率,提高了SiO2还原反应速率;延长反应时间和提高升温速率增加了硅的挥发率。     

微波碳热还原不锈钢厂电弧炉粉尘的热力学及实验研究

采用微波加热方法进行碳热还原不锈钢厂电弧炉粉尘,并计算粉尘中金属氧化物的理论开始还原温度.结果表明,微波碳热还原不锈钢厂电弧炉粉尘在热力学上可行.实际测量的粉尘中金属开始还原温度比理论计算值低.微波加热物料过程中形成的热点和电弧可能导致局部高温,有利于碳热还原反应的进行.在900 ℃下,有部分粉尘被还原,随着温度的升高,粉尘的还原程度增大.还原出来的金属相主要以Fe-Cr-Ni合金的形式存在,且成分分布不均匀,残余相主要以FeCr2O4、Fe3O4、CaSiO3、(Mg,Al)SiO3和CaMgSiO4形式存在.     

4Cr9Si2船用柴油机排气阀抗热腐蚀性能

为了解船用柴油机排气阀材料4Cr9Si2的抗热腐蚀性能,用金相显微镜、电子探针和能谱对其腐蚀进行分析.结果表明,4Cr9Si2在500~800℃的抗热腐蚀性能低于1Cr18Ni9,合金中足够的铬含量可以在腐蚀孕育期使合金表面形成致密连续的保护性氧化膜,从而改善合金的热腐蚀性能.镍可以在热腐蚀的加速扩展期起固定硫的作用,从而减缓、延迟了硫向合金基体内的扩散,提高合金的热腐蚀抗力.     

热等静压保温温度对TC4合金组织及拉伸性能的影响

通过热等静压近净成形技术制备的TC4合金具有独特的优势,近年来受到大量关注.研究了热等静压保温温度对TC4合金显微组织及拉伸性能的影响.结果表明:120 MPa、2 h保压条件下,保温温度达到800 ℃时,合金完全致密化;随着保温温度从800 ℃升高到920 ℃,合金的抗拉强度从942 MPa降为920 MPa,拉伸应变从13.7%增加到18.1%;合金显微组织中β相的体积分数随保温温度升高而增加,且分布趋于均匀化,β相的增加是合金强度降低、塑性增加的主要原因.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

<正>~~     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to