Excellent ethanol sensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotube-doped ZnO

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWNTs)were synthesized through CVD method,and the gas sensitive materials MWNTs/ZnO were obtained by mixing MWNTs and ZnO.The gas sensing properties of the as-prepared materials were investigated.The results show that the gas sensing properties of ZnO sensor are significantly improved by doping MWNTs.The sensitivity,response time and recovery time to 50 ppm ethanol at 260°C are 46,4 and 20 s,respectively.We also examined the selectivity of 0.1 wt%MWNTs-doped ZnO sensors to different gases.The results show that the sensor possesses an excellent selectivity to ethanol.     

Room-temperature NH3 sensors with high sensitivity and short response/recovery times

Micro-sensors are fabricated by co-electrospin- ning In203 and SnO2 nanofibers on the substrates of SiO2/Si with interdigitated Pt signal electrodes. The total sensor area is 1.36 mmx 0.55 mm and the active area is only 0.63 mmx 0.55 ram. Excellent NH3 sensing properties are obtained based on the sensors at room temperature. The sensitivity is at most 28 when the sensors are exposed to NH3 of 10 ppm. The response time is 8 s or so and the recovery time is nearly 2 s. Not only fine selectivity, but also long- time stability is obtained. The results not only demonstrate the obtained micro-sensors are very promising devices for NH3 detection, but also show a possible route for large-scale NH3 sensor fabrication at the industrial level.     

WO3丙酮传感器及其多传感器融合技术的研究

高浓度丙酮会刺激黏膜和引起中毒，在医疗健康领域丙酮也可作为呼出气体标记物。为实现对丙酮气体的有效检测，利用WO₃纳米材料制备旁热式气敏传感器，系统测试该传感器的基本特性，并在此基础上与SnO₂传感器组成双气敏传感器阵列，结合反向传播神经网络方法对丙酮混合气体进行识别。在体积浓度10^-5丙酮气体测试中，WO₃丙酮传感器的响应值达到9.3，响应与恢复时间均为4 s，重复性误差小于10^-8；双气敏传感器阵列对混合气体中丙酮和乙醇的识别误差小于10^-8。结果表明，制备的WO₃传感器响应灵敏度、稳定性、选择性、瞬态响应等特性良好，采用多传感器融合技术可以实现混合气体的有效识别。     

Improved and excellent CO sensing properties of Cu-doped TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanofibers

Cu-doped TiO2 nanofibers with an average diameter of about 80 nm are synthesized through an electrospinning method. Both anatase and rutile crystallographic structures are found in the fibers based on XRD results. Compared with pure TiO2 nanofibers, the Cu-doped TiO2 nanofibers exhibit improved CO sensing properties at 300°C. The sensitivity of Cu-doped TiO2 nanofibers is up to 3 when the sensor is exposed to 5 ppm CO, and the response and recovery times are about 4 and 8 s, respectively. Good selectivity i...     

溶剂热法制ZnO纳米棒及其气敏性能

以乙酰丙酮锌为原料,采用溶剂热法首次合成了棒状ZnO纳米粉体,并对该材料在不同工作温度下的气敏性能进行了研究。通过XRD、SEM和TEM等测试手段,表征其物相与结构。该粉体为六方晶系的ZnO纳米棒,直径约为30 nm,长度约为100 nm,结晶良好。通过静态配气法发现:采用N型氧化锌纳米棒所制得的元件在270℃下,对体积分数为5×10-4的乙醇有较好的气敏性能,灵敏度为75,响应时间及恢复时间分别为30、60 s,说明制备的ZnO纳米棒是具有潜力的探测乙醇气体的气敏传感器材料。     

氮化碳自组装包裹对SnO2TiO2复合锂离子电池负极材料电化学性能的影响

通过简单的石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)纳米片自组装沉积法,制备了g-C₃N₄包裹的SnO₂-TiO₂纳米复合材料.扫描电子显微镜观察显示,g-C₃N₄均匀地包裹在SnO₂-TiO₂纳米颗粒上.SnO₂-TiO₂-C₃N₄纳米复合材料被用作锂离子电池的负极材料,在0.2C的倍率下循环20次后,比容量达到380.2 mA·h·g^-1,明显高于未经g-C₃N₄包裹的纯的SnO₂(51.6 mA·h·g^-1)和SnO₂-TiO₂纳米复合材料.在0.1~0.5C的倍率充放电测试中,SnO₂-TiO₂-C₃N₄纳米复合材料的比容量仅从490 mA·h·g^-1衰减到330 mA·h·g^-1,高倍率下抗衰减性能优于同类材料.材料优异的电化学性能归功于g-C₃N₄的包裹处理,这不仅增强了固体电解质界面(SEI)的稳定性,也抑制了锂离子嵌入-脱出时SnO₂和TiO₂纳米颗粒的体积变化.     

A review on TiO2 nanotube arrays: Fabrication, properties, and sensing applications

Fabrication, properties, and sensing applications of TiO₂ nanotubes have been reviewed, and the highly ordered TiO₂ nanotube arrays made by anodic oxidation in fluoride-contained electrolytes highlighted. The effect of anodization parameters (electrolyte, pH, and voltage) on the titania nanotube size and shape were discussed. The excellent biocompatibility of TiO₂, the high orientation, the large surface area with tunable pore sizes, as well as the high electron transfer rate along with the nanotubes make TiO₂ nanotube array an ideal substrate for the sensor’s fabrication and application. The sensors based on the TiO₂ nanotube arrays for sensing hydrogen, oxygen, humidity, glucose and hydrogen peroxide all exhibited low detection limit, high stability, very good reproducibility and high sensitivity.     

Improved ethanol, acetone and H2 sensing performances of micro-sensors based on loose ZnO nanofibers

Both one-dimensional nanostructures and porous nanostructures are benefit to the sensing enhancement of semiconducting functional materials.The present paper shows an effective route to combining the advantages of these two nanostructures for a novel type of ZnO nanomaterials.Basically,a pore-forming material is employed in an electrospinning method,and the products are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The obtained materials are loose ZnO nanofibers,which own both porous and one-dimensional nanostructures.Micro-sensors are fabricated by sputtering and etching techniques,and the as-prepared nanofibers are used as the functional materials in them.The sensors show improved sensing properties both in sensitivity and response-speeds.The sensitivity is enhanced from 4 to 8 and the response time is shortened from 14 to 10 s when the sensors are exposed to 100 μL/L ethanol at 260℃.Similar results are also observed in acetone and H2 sensing tests.These enhancements are based on the one-dimensional and porous nanostructures of the nanofibers.     

Room temperature H2S micro-sensors with anti-humidity properties fabricated from NiO-In2O3 composite nanofibers

NiO-In2O3 composite nanofibers are synthesized via electrospinning and calcining techniques.Micro-sensors are fabricated by sputtering Pt electrodes on Si chips to form sensor substrates,and then spinning the NiO-In2O3 composite nanofibers onto the sensor substrate surface.The as-fabricated micro-sensors exhibit excellent H2S sensing properties at room temperature.The sensitivity of the micro-sensors is up to 6 when the sensors are exposed to 3μL/LH2S,and the corresponding response and recovery times are 14 and 22 s,respectively.The micro-sensors also exhibit high selectivity and good stability.Especially,the micro-sensors can operate at various humidity conditions.The sensitivity of the micro-sensors is 3.8 to 3μL/LH2S at 75% relative humidity.These characteristics make the micro-sensors good candidates for practical H2S sensors with high performance.     

基于SnO2/TiO2/Au NPs纳米复合材料发展光电化学方法特异性检测唾液酸

制备了氧化铟锡（ITO）/二氧化锡（SnO₂）/二氧化钛（TiO₂）/金纳米粒子（Au NPs）纳米复合电极（ITO/SnO₂/TiO₂/Au NPs）,并利用它发展了可以选择性检测唾液酸（SA）的光电化学（PEC）法.采用旋涂法制备了ITO/SnO₂电极,并通过静电纺丝和磁控溅射技术在ITO/SnO₂表面原位合成了TiO₂纳米纤维和Au NPs.与单纯SnO₂比,ITO/SnO₂/TiO₂/Au NPs纳米复合电极的光电性能显著提高.这可能与Au NPs的局域表面等离子体共振效应（LSPR）和TiO₂/SnO₂异质结之间的协同作用密切相关.之后,通过金硫键（Au-S）将四巯基苯硼酸（4-MPBA）修饰在ITO/SnO₂/TiO₂/Au NPs电极表面,利用4-MPBA和SA之间的非特异性酯化反应,发展了可以特异性检测SA的PEC传感平台.     

The characteristic of electrochemical oxidation of aniline on SnO2/Ti electrode

The characteristic of electrochemical oxidation of aniline on SnO₂/Ti electrode is studied. The results indicate that SnO₂/Ti electrode dopedF plays a wonderful role in the oxidation of aniline comparing with Pt electrode. The kinetics factors that influence the oxidation rate of aniline on the SnO₂/Ti electrode are determined by the dissolving of the film on the electrode. The dissolving of the film consisted of intermediate products on the electrode is the slow step. The effects of aniline concentration, pH in aniline solution and the current density (i) on the rate of aniline oxidation, the complexity of intermediate products and the basic category of the intermediate products consisted of the film are introduced. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of PRC(10971023) Biography: Wany Yu-ling (1975-), female, Master, research direction: photochemical catalysis and electochemical catalysis.     

Micro-arc oxidization fabrication and ethanol sensing performance of Fe-doped TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> thin films

In-situ pure TiO₂ and Fe-doped TiO₂ thin films were synthesized on Ti plates via the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique. The as-fabricated anatase TiO₂ thin film-based conductometric sensors were employed to measure the gas sensitivity to ethanol. The results showed that Fe ions could be easily introduced into the MAO-TiO₂ thin films by adding precursor K₄(FeCN)₆·3H₂O into the Na₃PO₄ electrolyte. The amount of doped Fe ions increased almost linearly with the concentration of K₄(FeCN)₆·3H₂O increasing, eventually affecting the ethanol sensing performances of TiO₂ thin films. It was found that the enhanced sensor signals obtained had an optimal concentration of Fe dopant (1.28at%), by which the maximal gas sensor signal to 1000 ppm ethanol was estimated to be 7.91 at 275°C. The response time was generally reduced by doped Fe ions, which could be ascribed to the increase of oxygen vacancies caused by Fe³⁺ substituting for Ti⁴⁺.     

Controlled synthesis of SnO2 with hierarchical Micro/Nano structure

Preparing SnO2 with hierarchical micro/nano structures by hydrothermal, coordination, templating and electrochemical deposition methods and their mechanisms are investigated. The result shows that the echinus-like SnO2 prepared by Method 1 is a typical Ostwald mechanism that develops from internally to externally. The cabbage-like SnO2 by Method 2 is produced with oxalic acid as complexing agent to set-up precursor of SnO2, and then precursors are bocked around the body that is around the body being bocked. The nest-like SnO2 by Method 3 is controlled by citric acid as coordinator for the nucleation as well as the grow rate and setup process. Spongy-like SnO2 by Method 4 is produced using PST as template, PST is be infiltered into SnO2 precursor by gravity and capillary and treated thermally to form a multiporous structure. The petal-like SnO2 by Method 5 is formed with crystal deposition emergence due to oxidation-reduction reactions of two electrodes in an electric field. XRD analyses shows that the five results are all pure phase SnO2. It provides basic data for SnOE industrial application.     

Fabrication and structural characterization of large-scale uniform SnO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanotube arrays by sol-gel method

Semiconductor SnO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated by sol-gel method based on highly ordered nanoporous anodic alumina membrane. Their microstructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy, selective electron diffraction spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results indicated that SnO2 nanotubes have a thickness of about 20-30 nm,and a diameter of about 100-200 nm. The length of the nanotubes is about 1 μn, XRD and SEDS indicated that these SnO2 nanotubes are polycrystalline.     

Energy transfer process between Eu3+ and wide-band-gap SnO2 nanocrystals in silica films studied by photoluminescence excitation and time-resolved photoluminescence techniques

Eu3+ions embedded in silica thin films codoped with SnO2 nanocrystals were fabricated by sol–gel and spin-coating methods.SnO2 nanocrystals with controllable sizes were synthesized through precisely controlling the Sn concentrations.The influences of doping and annealing conditions on the photoluminescence intensity from SnO2 nanocrystals are systematically investigated.The effective energy transfer from the defect states of SnO2nanocrystals to nearby Eu3+ions has revealed by the selective photoluminescence excitation spectra.The efficiency of the Forster resonance energy transfer is evaluated by the time-resolved photoluminescence measurements,which is about 29.1%based on the lifetime tests of the SnO2emission.     

Synthesis of highly ordered SnO2／Fe2O3 composite nanowire arrays by electrophoretic deposition method

Highly ordered SnO2/Fe2O3 composite nanowire arrays have been synthesized by electrophoretic deposition method. The morphology and chemical composition of SnO2/Fe2O3 composite nanowire arrays are characterized by SEM, TEM, EDX, XPS, and XRD. The results show that the SnO2/Fe2O3 composite nanowires are about 180 nm in width and tens of microns in length, and they are composed of small nanoparticles of tetraganal SnO2 and rhombohedral α-Fe203 with diameters of 10-15nm. The SnO2/Fe2O3 composite nanowires are formed by a series of chemical reactions.     

基于层层自组装的{壳聚糖/多壁碳纳米管}9/玻碳电极电催化氧化H2 O2

 基于带正电荷的壳聚糖(CHIT)和功能化的带负电荷的多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)之间的静电吸附,通过层层自组装的方法制备了均一、 稳定的{CHIT/MWNTs}₉多层膜。组装{CHIT/MWNTs}₉多层膜的玻碳(GC)电极用来研究H₂ O₂的电催化氧化,测定H₂ O₂的线性范围﹑响应时间和检测下限分别为：8×10^-6～1.0×10^-2 mol/L (相关性系数为0.997)﹑2 s 和4×10^-6 mol/L。另外,{CHIT/MWNTs}₉/GC电极具有较好的稳定性能。     

基于掺铕钨酸盐荧光强度比的非接触温度传感

为了突破传统测温技术应用的局限性,利用NaY （WO₄）₂：Eu³⁺玻璃陶瓷（glass ceramics,GC）实现了具有非接触、实时响应、自校准等优势的双模荧光强度比（luminescence intensity ratio,LIR）测温。采用高温熔融淬灭法制备出含NaY （WO₄）₂：Eu³⁺纳米晶的透明GC样品,并进行系列光谱测量和热敏性能分析。结果表明,样品中Eu³⁺的激发态能级⁵D₁和⁵D₀和基态能级⁷F₂和⁷F₀为两对独立的热耦合能级,可分别基于这两对热耦合能级实现性能优异的双模LIR温度传感。该双模LIR测温技术数据可靠、测温范围广、灵敏度高,再结合GC材料优势,是可用于光纤温度传感器的核心技术材料。     

植物叶片H_2O_2胁迫应答蛋白质组学分析

植物叶片是感知外界H_2O_2胁迫信号的重要器官.整合分析了水稻(Oryza sativa)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)、二穗短柄草(Brachypodium distachyon)和柑橘(Citrus aurantium)在应对不同程度H_2O_2胁迫时蛋白质表达模式的变化特征.阐明了H_2O_2胁迫应答网络体系中的信号与代谢通路(如:光合作用、糖类与能量代谢、转录调控、蛋白质合成与命运、胁迫防御、信号转导和基础代谢等)的变化及植物叶片应答H_2O_2胁迫的分子调控机制.     

TiO_2-SnO_2异质结纳米棒催化剂高效光降解甲基橙

采用水热法合成SnO_2-TiO_2异质结纳米棒光催化剂,该材料具有独特的纳米棒和异质结结构,可有效阻止光生电子和空穴的复合,通过光电流、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征手段证明其异质结功效.该材料作为光催化剂,使用时能大幅提升紫外光降解甲基橙(MO)的效率.