湘东北地区栗山铅锌铜多金属矿床的成因探讨:来自矿床地质、矿物学和硫同位素的证据

湘东北大型栗山铅锌铜多金属矿床位于幕阜山岩体边部,矿体赋存于岩体及其内外接触带中的硅化构造角砾岩带内.根据野外调查和显微岩(矿)相学观察,可将栗山矿床的主成矿期——热液成矿期划分为四个阶段:粗粒石英+萤石+绿泥石(Chl_Ⅰ)+少量黄铁矿+黄铜矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英+萤石+绿泥石(Chl_Ⅱ)+黄铜矿+黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱ)、石英+萤石+绿泥石(Chl_Ⅲ)+闪锌矿+黄铜矿+方铅矿阶段(Ⅲ)、细粒石英+少量黄铜矿+黄铁矿细脉阶段(Ⅳ).EPMA分析结果表明Chl_Ⅰ为蠕绿泥石,Chl_Ⅱ和Chl_Ⅲ为鲕绿泥石-铁镁绿泥石.根据绿泥石温度计,估算出阶段Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ的成矿温度分别为239℃~280℃,221℃~261℃和212℃~238℃.结合闪锌矿硫逸度计算,表明栗山矿床形成于中温、低氧逸度、低硫逸度的环境.硫化物的δ~(34)S(-4.7‰~1.5‰)变化较小且接近零值,表明成矿流体主要来源于岩浆热液.通过与钦杭成矿带上典型的铅锌矿床对比,提出栗山矿床为与岩浆热液有关的中温热液充填交代成因.     

闽西南凤山-赤坂场矽卡岩型萤石矿床地球化学特征及成因

闽西南凤山-赤坂场萤石矿主要产于晚侏罗世花岗质侵入岩与中二叠世栖霞组海相碳酸盐岩接触变质带中,通过对萤石及黑云母二长花岗岩围岩开展稀土元素地球化学及包裹体氢氧同位素研究,探讨了矿床的成因及成矿物质、流体来源。萤石稀土元素配分曲线特征和La/Ho-Y/Ho关系图表明凤山-赤坂场萤石矿体的成矿流体来自同一流体体系,成矿物源稳定且单一,为同期成矿。萤石和花岗岩围岩相近的Sm/Nd比值以及均具有δEu和δCe负异常特征,表明萤石成矿和二长花岗岩体有着十分密切的联系。结合萤石包裹体氢氧同位素结果,显示研究区萤石矿床成矿流体来源于岩浆水与大气降水的混合,成矿物质F和Ca元素来源于大气降水对围岩花岗岩和碳酸盐岩的淋滤和萃取,属于构造控制的岩浆期后气化-热液的低温热液充填萤石矿床。     

湖南锡田钨锡多金属矿田成矿分带样式及机理

为了探索锡田矿田内矿床分布规律及其成矿热液系统内在联系,对区内燕山期14个岩浆热液矿床野外特征进行调查和显微矿相学观察,采用将矿化类型、矿石矿物组合和成矿均一温度相结合的方法对区域矿化规律进行研究。研究结果表明:矿田内存在南、北2个成矿区域,各自拥有独立成矿热液中心,并且存在明显的钨锡—铅锌—萤石矿床分带规律;流体包裹体均一温度的空间分布与矿化分带相一致,从钨锡矿带(215~384℃)到萤石矿带(136~194℃)连续分布;南、北2个成矿区域白钨矿稀土元素特征均为轻、重稀土元素富集,中稀土亏损,正Eu异常明显(δw(Eu)=7.93~43.58),稀土配分模式均为典型"W"型,反映成矿物质来源相似;其成矿热液来源为同一燕山期成矿热液系统,其矿化分带的原因可能与燕山期岩浆热液系统温度梯度格局有关。     

云南普洱大平掌铜多金属矿床同位素地球化学研究及意义

大平掌矿区位于滇西南澜沧江火山岩带中南段的南部,夹持于NNW向区域性李子箐断裂(F4)和酒房断裂(F1)。是典型的与中酸性火山岩有关的VHMS型矿床。通过对硫、铅、氢氧同位素地球化学特征研究,探讨了成矿流体来源及演化。同位素(S、Pb、H、O)研究结果显示:硫同位素δ34S(-2.4‰～2.7‰,平均值为-0.4‰),铅同位素组成(206Pb/204Pb≈18.195—18.942;207Pb/204Pb≈15.408—15.641;208Pb/204Pb≈37.599—38.659),δD值介于-78‰—-59‰,石英矿物的δ18O≈7.2‰—11‰,石英中的水δ18OH2O≈-3‰—0.35‰,研究结果表明:硫主要来源于火山喷气作用,海水硫酸盐对成矿作用的贡献很小;铅同位素组成具有壳-幔混合源铅的特点,深源物质参与成矿明显;成矿热液流体应是深循环海水与岩浆水的混合流体。     

大垅铅锌矿床硫化物Rb-Sr同位素和主微量成分特征及矿床成因

大垅铅锌矿床位于湘东邓阜仙复式岩体北端,其赋矿围岩为二云母花岗岩,矿体产于南北向硅化破碎带中。对闪锌矿的Rb-Sr同位素进行分析,对矿床地质特征及硫化物电子探针主微量成分进行分析。研究结果表明:本区有3种矿化形式,分别对应3个成矿阶段,即石英—多金属硫化物阶段、石英—黄铁矿—闪锌矿阶段和石英—萤石—闪锌矿阶段,其初始~(87)Sr与~(86)Sr质量分数之比即w(~(87)Sr)/w(~(86)Sr)=0.709 9±0.009 7,与八团岩体的相近,Rb-Sr等时线成矿年龄为(154±8.0)Ma,与成岩年龄(159.2±4.6)Ma一致,反映成矿与燕山期岩浆活动具有密切的成因联系;成矿作用以岩浆热液为主;黄铜矿—黄铁矿微量元素温度计、矿物对硫同位素温度计以及绿泥石温度计显示成矿温度为161~229℃,属中低温范畴。矿床成因属于与燕山期中酸性岩浆侵入作用有关的中低温岩浆热液型铅锌矿床。     

红石崖萤石矿充填和交代萤石矿石特征对比及其成因分析

红石崖萤石矿床位于祁连造山带东段,产于漫坪洼—泉儿湾南东—北西向大断裂的次级断层中,经过地质普查共圈出7条萤石矿体和8条萤石矿化体,矿区内存在热液充填和热液交代两个成因类型萤石矿体,两类型矿体矿石的组构特征和有害组分碳酸钙含量差异很大,而萤石选矿采取的技术工艺流程主要是根据矿石结构、组分特征,特别是有害组分碳酸钙含量高低而决定的,通过对比研究红石崖萤石矿床的两类矿石特征分析矿床的成因和找矿标志     

四川拉拉IOCG矿床方解石REE与C,O同位素地球化学特征及意义

对拉拉铁氧化物-铜-金(IOCG)矿床中与铜矿化密切相关的变质期方解石(Ⅰ)和热液期方解石(Ⅱ)的稀土元素(REE)及C,O同位素地球化学特征进行研究,以探讨方解石成因及沉淀影响因素、成矿流体来源及性质。研究结果表明:方解石(Ⅰ)具有极低的REE总质量分数(wREE平均75.98×10-6),方解石(Ⅱ)的REE总质量分数相对较高(平均313.85×10~(-6));方解石(Ⅰ)的δ(13CPDB)为-3.84‰~0‰,方解石(Ⅱ)的δ(13CPDB)为-3.98‰~-1.40‰,二者大小接近且相对变化较小;方解石(Ⅰ)的δ(18OSMOW)为9.45‰~12.2‰,方解石(Ⅱ)的δ(18OSMOW)为8.1‰~11.6‰,后者相对低于前者。分析认为:方解石(Ⅰ)不是变质成矿期的主要REE载体,其成矿流体中REE含量很低;方解石(Ⅱ)为热液期REE的主要载体,其成矿流体中REE含量较高。两期方解石均为热液成因,但二者成矿流体不同源;水岩反应及降温作用耦合影响本矿床两期方解石的沉淀。方解石(Ⅰ)的REE配分曲线为平坦型,既有正Eu异常也有负Eu异常,无Ce异常,配分模式受流体中REE络合物稳定性控制,其成矿流体为大量LREE沉淀后的残余高温变质成矿流体,继承了海相喷发的火山围岩部分特征;方解石(Ⅱ)的REE配分曲线为左倾型,显著正Eu异常,无Ce异常,配分模式受方解石晶体化学因素控制,其成矿流体为大气降水与围岩反应形成的低温高氧逸度热卤水。方解石(Ⅰ)的成矿流体中的C由深源C和海水C共同提供;方解石(Ⅱ)的成矿流体中的C来自地幔柱成因的基性辉长岩浆分异释放的CO2,O同位素受大气降水影响发生明显负漂移。     

甘肃白峡尼山钨矿床成矿模式

甘肃省北山地区是我国重要的成矿带——东天山成矿带的组成部分,白峡尼山钨矿床位于北山南带西段。在分析成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征及矿质来源等的基础上,总结了成矿期次、矿床成因和成矿模式。结果表明,白峡尼山钨矿床受地层、构造和侵入岩等三大因素的控制,泥盆纪墩墩山群火山岩建造和华力西中期的二长花岗岩是成矿的物源条件,二长花岗岩又是成矿的热动力条件,北西西-东西向断裂构造和墩墩山群火山岩建造控制着矿化带及矿体的分布;成矿具多期性,有晚泥盆世火山-沉积期和石炭纪构造岩浆热液期两期,后者形成了该矿床的主体;矿床成因属火山-沉积型叠加岩浆热液型的复合成因类型。     

浙江缙云骨洞坑萤石矿床成矿流体特征

浙江缙云骨洞坑大型萤石矿床位于华夏古板块北东端,紧邻钦杭结合带。矿床产出于下白垩统馆头组与燕山晚期花岗岩的接触带中,矿体严格受NW向断裂控制。在系统的地质调查基础上,对其微量和稀土元素及流体包裹体开展研究。结果表明,缙云骨洞坑萤石矿轻稀土相对弱富集,重稀土相对弱亏损,具有较强的Eu负异常以及较弱的Ce负异常,配分曲线表现出典型的“V”字特征。La/Ho-Y/Ho图解表明,不同位置萤石样品表现出重结晶方向演化的趋势。Tb/Ca-Tb/La成因图解表明骨洞坑萤石矿属于热液成因类型矿床。流体包裹体测温结果表明,成矿均一温度主要在150~190℃,盐度主要在0.3%~1.5% NaCleqv,密度平均值为0.86 g/m³,成矿流体应属于中-低温、低盐度、低密度的NaCl-H₂O体系。结合地质特征认为,缙云骨洞坑萤石矿床属中低温热液裂隙充填型矿床。     

诸广岩体南部辉绿岩脉特征及其与铀成矿关系

诸广岩基南部侵入于印支-燕山早期花岗岩中的辉绿岩脉广泛分布,早期(±140 Ma)辉绿岩脉多以近EW向分布,第二期(110~103 Ma)、第三期(±90 Ma)主要为NNW向或NEE向展布,属板内拉斑玄武岩系列。蚀变辉绿岩较相对新鲜辉绿岩明显富集K2O和MgO,轻微富集Al2O3,而明显贫Na2O与CaO;对比分析辉绿岩、花岗岩和富矿石三者地球化学特征,认为成矿组分Cr,Co,Ni和U等主要来源于花岗岩而不是辉绿岩。无矿化的新鲜辉绿岩、含矿破碎辉绿岩、花岗质碎裂岩富矿石三种不同岩性的样品的δ34SV-CDT值具有明显的分段特征,分别为-0.2‰~-0.5‰、-6.5‰~-10.9‰、-17.4‰~17.9‰,认为成矿热液的硫主要来自地层中的生物成因硫或沉积硫,可能部分来自花岗岩。辉绿岩脉中的矿化与辉绿岩脉经过了后期构造的切割和破碎有很大的关系,辉绿岩脉在铀成矿过程中的主要起物理化学界面的作用,它的侵入为成矿作用提供导矿和储矿构造。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…