还原剂对高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原过程铁还原的影响

采用添加脱磷剂直接还原焙烧--磁选的工艺制备直接还原铁,研究了不同还原剂对高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原过程铁还原的影响.实验结果和扫描电镜分析表明,还原剂中固定碳和挥发分含量对于焙烧产物中金属铁晶粒的聚集、增多和长大以及所得还原铁指标影响较大.焦炭和无烟煤所得焙烧产物中金属铁晶粒与脉石矿物结合较紧密,难以在磨矿过程中实现单体解离.褐煤所得焙烧产物中金属铁晶粒出现明显的连接和长大,且与脉石矿物界限分明,嵌布粒度较粗,有利于铁颗粒与脉石矿物的解离,从而其铁回收率较其他还原剂高.     

某高磷鲕状赤铁矿磷赋存状态及还原焙烧脱磷研究

采用浸出、电渗析等试验方法研究了尼日利亚高磷鲕状赤铁矿中磷的赋存状态并采用XRD和SEM分析添加脱磷剂Na2CO3直接还原焙烧产物的特性.结果表明,含磷矿物主要是呈微细粒包裹体嵌布在铁矿物鲕粒的裂隙或孔洞中的纤磷钙铝石(CaAl3(OH)6(HPO4)(PO4))、蓝磷铝铁矿(FeAl2(PO4)2OH·6H2O)以及均匀分散在铁矿物中的磷.通过添加脱磷剂Na2CO3的还原焙烧磁选可实现高效铁磷分离.磷通过两种方式去除:一部分含磷矿物与金属铁分离,存在于脉石矿物中,通过磨矿磁选可以有效去除,一部分含磷矿物与Na2CO3反应生成溶于水的磷矿物,最终使得还原铁产品中的磷含量降低.     

碳酸钠在高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原中的作用

为了研究碳酸钠对尼日利亚某高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原焙烧-磁选脱磷效果的影响,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了添加碳酸钠后直接还原焙烧的产物.结果表明,还原焙烧过程中添加碳酸钠后可以实现脱磷:碳酸钠的加入抑制了铁橄榄石的生成,阻断了磷进入金属铁的过程;使得鲕粒结构破坏,促进金属铁颗粒的聚集长大,有利于金属铁颗粒与脉石的解离;原矿中含磷矿物在焙烧过程中与碳酸钠反应生成可溶性的Na3PO4,在磨矿磁选过程中溶于水,使直接还原铁中磷的含量降低.     

还原剂对高磷鲕状赤铁矿还原焙烧铁磷分离的影响

研究还原剂种类及用量对高磷鲕状赤铁矿还原焙烧铁磷分离的影响.添加脱磷剂Na2CO3,在提铁降磷的同时能降低还原铁的硫含量;还原剂用量的增加都能促进铁还原,但使用灰分和固定碳含量较高或挥发分含量较低的还原剂时,不利于降磷.焙烧产物的X射线衍射分析表明:添加脱磷剂Na2CO3时,随着还原剂用量的增加,焙烧产物中金属铁含量增加,浮氏体和石英含量降低;使用灰分含量较高的还原剂时,随其用量的增加,灰分会消耗Na2 CO3,从而减弱其对于铁还原的促进作用;还原剂用量相同时,石煤、烟煤、焦炭和褐煤所得焙烧产物中金属铁含量逐渐增加,浮氏体含量逐渐降低.总体来看,褐煤作为还原剂时铁磷分离效果最好,其次为烟煤,焦炭和石煤.     

高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原同步脱磷新脱磷剂

为开发高磷鲕状赤铁矿,采用直接还原焙烧的方法对含TFe品位为43.58%,磷含量0.83%的鄂西某宁乡式高磷鮞状赤铁矿进行系统研究。通过X线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对提铁降磷机理进行研究。研究结果表明:在配合使用NCP和新脱磷剂TS2种脱磷剂的条件下,可以获得TFe品位为91.35%、铁回收率为85.12%、磷含量为0.081%的直接还原铁粉。原矿加入脱磷剂焙烧后,含磷矿物的物相并没有发生变化,仍以氟磷石的形式存在,通过细磨磁选实现提铁降磷。加入的脱磷剂有助于破坏鲕状结构,使金属铁颗粒与脉石颗粒的接触面变得平滑、清晰,改善高金属铁和脉石的解离条件,同时脱磷剂还能促进中间产物铁橄榄石的还原。     

鄂西高磷鲕状赤铁矿直接还原焙烧同步脱磷机理

采用XRD和SEM分析方法研究了鄂西高磷鲕状赤铁矿添加脱磷剂后直接还原焙烧的产物及磁选后的最终产品. 结果表明,还原焙烧过程中添加的脱磷剂除具有脱磷效果外,对铁的还原也有促进作用. 脱磷剂可以使部分磷转化为易去除的可溶性磷酸盐,同时破坏鲕粒结构,使细磨-磁选后铁相易与脉石矿物分离从而达到脱磷效果,并且可以提高产品中铁的品位和回收率.     

高磷鲕状赤铁矿煤基还原焙烧制备直接还原铁

针对鄂西高磷鲕状赤铁矿,采用煤基还原焙烧-磁选工艺制备直接还原铁,研究了还原剂用量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、助熔剂等对还原焙烧效果的影响规律。研究结果表明:在焙烧温度为1 100℃,焙烧时间为50 min,还原剂用量为30%,助熔剂为碳酸钠和硫酸钠、用量分别为15%和30%时,磨矿磁选后获得直接还原铁的铁品位91.13%,铁的回收率78.87%,残留S含量0.03%,P含量0.09%,满足电炉炼钢原料要求。本文方法为同类型铁矿石的综合开发利用提供了充分的技术支持。     

鲕状赤铁矿的磁化焙烧特性与转化过程分析

以鄂西某鲕状赤铁矿为研究对象,考察焙烧温度、焙烧时间和物料粒度等因素对磁化焙烧效果的影响,利用X线衍射(XRD)定量分析技术,结合显微镜下观察统计等手段,探讨鲕状赤铁矿物的磁化焙烧特性、相态转化及焙烧变化规律。研究结果表明:含铁鲕粒多数由粒径为1~2μm的致密同心外形壳和10μm的多孔状、似针铁矿的小颗粒包裹而成,中间夹带有黏土状的高岭石;对含铁(TFe)49.02%的鲕状赤铁矿,在800℃和60 min的焙烧条件下获得含铁为56.74%,铁回收率为95.54%的较优结果,物料粒度对磁化焙烧矿的质量有较大影响。当温度≤800℃时,很少发生过还原生成Fe O和Fe2Si O4,但含磷与含硅矿物均有相变;当温度为900℃时,生成Fe O的质量分数达23.61%,形成弱磁性的Fe3O4-Fe O固熔体,不利于焙烧矿的弱磁选分离。磁化焙烧过程仅改变铁相,而鲕粒结构未变,磁化还原由表及里受扩散作用控制,与鲕粒粒径和致密度密切相关。     

宣龙式铁矿焙烧还原-磁选工艺及其影响因素

基于煤基焙烧还原-磁选工艺,进行了宣龙式难选鲕状赤铁矿石提铁过程及其影响因素的实验研究.以铁精矿品位和铁回收率为评价指标,确定了适合于该类矿石的最佳工艺条件:焙烧还原温度为1 200℃,还原剂用量为30%,焙烧还原时间为60min,焙烧产物磁选前的磨矿细度为-45μm占96.19%,磁选的磁场强度为111kA.m-1.在该工艺条件下,可以使铁精矿品位达到92.53%,铁回收率达到90.78%.     

鄂西高磷鲕状赤铁矿含碳球团脱磷

根据鄂西地区高磷鲕状赤铁矿的矿物特性结合煤基直接还原方式的特点进行了脱磷实验研究,实验过程中还原煤为哈密煤.实验结果表明:采用煤基直接还原+磁选工艺在实验室条件下可以获得最低磷质量分数为0.031%的铁精粉;为了达到这一实验结果,必须保证满足还原脱磷条件的最佳还原温度和配碳量(本实验条件下,最佳还原温度为1250℃,矿煤比1.25),生球要有适宜磷还原的二元碱度(R≤0.8),适中的原矿粒度(2 mm以下),最后保证达到反应平衡的还原时间(50 min).     

组合脱磷剂对高磷铁矿还原焙烧-磁选的影响

针对高磷铁矿还原焙烧降磷过程中脱磷剂成本高、用量大等难题，为更好地开发利用高磷铁矿，采用还原焙烧-磁选工艺，研究了组合脱磷剂对高磷铁矿提铁降磷的影响.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)揭示提铁降磷机理.结果表明:加入13%碳酸钙和2%碳酸钠作为组合脱磷剂能代替传统脱磷剂，并获得了良好的脱磷效果.当原矿铁品位55.58%，含磷0.57%时，在推荐的试验条件下，可获得铁品位93.25%，铁回收率90.75%、磷质量分数0.09%以及磷的去除率高达91.46%的粉状还原铁.加入的组合脱磷剂不仅促使铁氧化物中的磷组元向磷酸钙发生转变，使金属铁颗粒与磷酸钙界限明显，而且还能防止难以还原的铝尖晶石和铁橄榄石的生成，最终实现了磷的深度脱除和铁的有效回收.     

高磷褐铁矿的钠盐强化还原焙烧—磁絮凝分离

研究高磷褐铁矿工艺矿物学的特性,开发钠盐强化还原焙烧—磁絮凝提铁脱磷的新工艺.采用光学显微镜、XRD和EDAX分析研究焙烧前后相关产品的微观特征,并对精矿TFe品位以及P含量进行分析.研究结果表明:褐铁矿主要为针铁矿和赤铁矿的复合矿物;磷主要以氟磷灰石(Ca5(PO4)3F)的形式存在.在温度为1 050℃,m(煤)/m(矿)为3:20的条件下,还原120min后焙烧矿样中铁粒径小,磷铁分离困难;当添加10％的Na2CO3后,焙烧矿中铁粒径粗化,金属铁的衍射峰值强度增强.还原矿样磨至＜26 μm粒级含量约占90％时,采用磁絮凝可制备出TFe 69.87％、含磷0.28％、铁回收率为78.18％的铁精矿.添加Na2CO3可提高FeO的还原反应活度,优化还原过程中传热和传质条件,强化氧化铁的还原;磁絮凝则强化了细粒级磁性矿物的回收.     

Upgrading and dephosphorization of Western Australian iron ore using reduction roasting by adding sodium carbonate

The technology of direct reduction by adding sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and magnetic separation was developed to treat Western Australian high phosphorus iron ore. The iron ore and reduced product were investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It is found that phosphorus exists within limonite in the form of solid solution, which cannot be removed through traditional ways. During reduction roasting, Na₂CO₃ reacts with gangue minerals (SiO₂ and Al₂O₃), forming aluminum silicate-containing phosphorus and damaging the ore structure, which promotes the separation between iron and phosphorus during magnetic separation. Meanwhile, Na₂CO₃ also improves the growth of iron grains, increasing the iron grade and iron recovery. The iron concentrate, assaying 94.12wt% Fe and 0.07wt% P at the iron recovery of 96.83% and the dephosphorization rate of 74.08%, is obtained under the optimum conditions. The final product (metal iron powder) after briquetting can be used as the burden for steelmaking by an electric arc furnace to replace scrap steel.     

Effects of Na<Subscript>2</Subscript>SO<Subscript>4</Subscript> on iron and nickel reduction in a high-iron and low-nickel laterite ore

This study investigates the reactions of Na₂SO₄ and its effects on iron and nickel reduction in the roasting of a high-iron and low-nickel laterite ore through gas composition, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope analyses. Results showed that a reduction reaction of Na₂SO₄ to SO₂ was performed with roasting up to 600℃. However, no clear influence on iron and nickel reductions appeared, because only a small amount of Na₂SO₄ reacted to produce SO₂. Na₂SO₄ reacted completely at 1000℃, mainly producing troilite and nepheline, which remarkably improves selective reduction of nickel. Furthermore, the production of low-melting-point minerals, including troilite and nepheline, accelerated nickel reduction and delayed iron reduction, which is attributed to the concurrent production of magnesium magnetite, whose structure is more stable than the structure of magnetite. Reduction reactions of Na₂SO₄ resulted in weakening of the reduction atmosphere, and the main product of Na₂SO₄ changed and delayed the reduction of iron. Eventually, iron metallization was effectively controlled during laterite ore reduction roasting, leading to iron mainly being found in wustite and high iron-containing olivine.     

以煤泥为还原剂海滨钛磁铁矿直接还原焙烧反应历程

研究以煤泥为还原剂,印尼某海滨钛磁铁矿在直接还原焙烧过程中,不同焙烧温度下矿物组成变化规律. X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析结果表明,随着焙烧温度的升高,钛磁铁矿逐渐被还原. 其中铁矿物经过浮士体( FeO) ,最终被还原成金属铁;而钛则经过钛尖晶石最终生成钛铁矿和少部分的铁板钛矿. 在整个直接还原焙烧过程中,金属铁颗粒在1100℃左右生成,然后不断长大,在1250℃时金属铁颗粒明显增多,在之后的保温过程中,金属铁颗粒不断长大,并在此过程中将金属铁从中分离出来.     

Recovery of iron from high phosphorus oolitic iron ore using coal-based reduction followed by magnetic separation

Oolitic iron ore is one of the most important iron resources. This paper reports the recovery of iron from high phosphorus oolitic iron ore using coal-based reduction and magnetic separation. The influences of reduction temperature, reduction time, C/O mole ratio, and CaO content on the metallization degree and iron recovery were investigated in detail. Experimental results show that reduced products with the metallization degree of 95.82% could be produced under the optimal conditions (i.e., reduction temperature, 1250℃; reduction time, 50 min; C/O mole ratio, 2.0; and CaO content, 10wt%). The magnetic concentrate containing 89.63wt% Fe with the iron recovery of 96.21% was obtained. According to the mineralogical and morphologic analysis, the iron minerals had been reduced and iron was mainly enriched into the metallic iron phase embedded in the slag matrix in the form of spherical particles. Apatite was also reduced to phosphorus, which partially migrated into the metallic iron phase.