提速货车作用下铁路钢板梁横向振动机理

针对我国铁路货车提速过程中发现的铁路上承钢板梁桥横向振动严重超限现象,以随机人工蛇行波作为激励输入,通过大量的模拟计算,对40ｍ上承钢板梁在货车(空车)作用下的横向振动特性进行了初步探讨.结果表明:当输入蛇行波长在8～9ｍ范围内,列车行驶速度为55～70ｋｍ·ｈ-1时,蛇行运动频率为2.10Ｈｚ左右,正好与梁的横向有载频率接近,这时桥梁横向振动出现较大的振幅,计算出的结果与现场测试结果接近提速货车作用下铁路钢板梁横向振动机理@李建中@范立础     

准高速列车-轨道时变系统空间振动随机分析

以准高速列车构架人工蛇行波及前苏联规律性的竖向不平顺函数为横向及竖向激振源,作准高速列车－轨道时变系统空间振动随机分析．首次算出了与实测时程波形图相当接近的轨枕空间振动时程波形图,计算的响应最大值与国内外实测最大值接近．     

考虑轮轨碰撞的转向架蛇行振动的非线性分析

考虑系统中干摩擦力和轮轨相互碰撞作用等非线性因素,建立了3个自由度的货车转向架非线性横向振动数学模型.应用数值方法研究了货车转向架蛇行振动的Hopf分叉、临界速度及转变速度,表明蛇行振动存在两个Hopf分叉不变圈,一个是稳定的,另一个是不稳定的.进一步分析了参数变化时对蛇行振动临界速度及临界不变圈的影响.     

基于耦合度的铁道车辆平稳性分析

为探究转向架蛇行运动对车体异常晃动的影响程度,首先,建立了多刚体的车辆系统模型,仿真再现了横向平稳性局部恶化现象.其次,基于模糊数学的欧式贴近度准则,定义了整个车辆系统所有模态之间的耦合度,以降低系统的耦合度为目标,对车辆悬挂参数进行了优化设计.计算结果表明:转向架蛇行运动的频率与车体横向振动的固有频率相接近时,车体横向发生耦合振动,恶化横向平稳性,此时车辆系统耦合度最大.通过优选车辆的悬挂参数,可有效降低耦合度,减弱车体横向耦合振动,消除横向平稳性局部恶化现象.     

三线铁路预应力连续梁桥列车-桥梁时变系统空间振动分析

在列车-桥梁时变系统横向振动能量随机分析理论的基础上,采用26个自由度的列车空间振动模型,以考虑箱梁翘曲影响的空间梁单元模拟桥梁结构,建立多线铁路箱梁桥列车-桥梁时变系统空间振动分析模型,分别以构架人工蛇行波及前苏联规律性的竖向不平顺函数为横向及蛏向激振源,计算列车以不同车速通过桥梁的空间振动响应,并对该大桥的竖向横向刚度做出评价。研究结果表明：在各种不同列车、不同行车情况下,列车走行舒适性均在“良好”标准以上;该桥具有足够的横向（横向位移为6．36mm）和竖向刚度（竖向位移为131．25mm）。     

混编货车通过中小跨度桥梁时车桥振动分析

运用基于蠕滑理论的车桥耦合振动空间分析程序，分析了混编货车通过铁路上标准32m跨径预应力混凝土简支梁时的车桥振动特征．从列车在不同加载位置对桥梁的作用以及桥梁对车辆的反作用的角度出发，结合车桥的动力特性，揭示了混编货车过桥时，一般桥梁振动响应较大、轻车容易发生脱轨事故的机理——混编货车由于轴重差别显著，对桥梁产生周期性的大幅值的强迫荷载，导致桥梁振动剧烈，而桥梁的振动加剧又对轻车产生强烈的反作用．     

准高速列车—轨道时变系统空间振动随机分析

以准高速列车构架人工蛇行波及前苏联规律性的竖向不平顺函数为横向及竖向激振源,作准高速列车－轨道时变系统空间振动随机分析,首次算出了与实测过程波形图相当接近的轨枕空间振动时程波形图,计算的响应最大值与国内外实测最大值接近。     

高速列车构架蛇行波实测统计分析

为完善运营速度290和300 km/h的高速列车轨道(桥梁)时变系统横向激振源的基础资料,基于实测的高速列车构架蛇行波资料,运用工程概率数值分析方法,对高速列车构架蛇行波标准差σ进行了统计,并运用三角级数模型及Monte-Carlo法随机模拟出高速列车人工构架蛇行波.研究结果表明,随着速度由290 km/h上升到300 km/h,高速列车构架蛇行波标准差σ_p(p=99%)由0.238 3g上升到0.245 1g,且高速列车人工构架蛇行波峰值分别为0.843g,0.883g,与实测构架蛇行波峰值接近,初步验证了构架蛇行波标准差σ_p的合理性,从而为高速列车轨道(桥梁)系统横向振动分析提供了良好的激振源.     

高速列车蛇行运动分岔类型及评价方法研究

主要研究高速列车超临界和亚临界分岔蛇行运动的基本特征和评价方法.首先考虑不同轨道激励对蛇行运行分岔图的影响，并且提出一种在轨道激励的基础上增加横向脉冲的方法，然后根据极限环波幅、构架横向加速度均方根值及轮轴横向力均方根值分别对高速列车蛇行运动稳定性进行对比.针对不同高速列车进行极限环失稳后的安全性评估，分析高速列车蛇行失稳的脱轨安全性.另外，对于具有磨耗型车轮踏面的车辆，也对其蛇行运动稳定性和运行安全性评估进行了探讨.最后，在滚动振动试验台上进行了稳定性测试，比较了不同蛇行运动稳定性评价方法并验证了仿真结果.     

准高速列车——钢筋混凝土连续梁桥系统横向振动随机计算分析

将列车桥梁系统视为一整体，根据随机振动能量理论，以列车构架人工蛇行波和实测蛇行波为横向激振源，计算了准高速列车以不同的速度通过钢筋混凝土连续桥梁的振动反应，与测试结果比较，本文的计算结果是比较满意的。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。