基于氧化石墨烯掺铒光纤锁模激光器的研究

论文报道了基于氧化石墨烯可饱和吸收体掺铒光纤锁模激光器的研究.实验过程中将氧化石墨烯分散到PVA醇解物中,制成了氧化石墨烯-PVA薄膜,并将该薄膜作为饱和吸收体应用于掺铒光纤激光器中,实现了稳定的锁模运转.激光脉冲的重复频率为9.26MHz,中心波长为1 531.30nm,3dB带宽为1.38nm,激光脉冲的宽度约为1.78ps.     

基于羧基氧化石墨烯的调Q光纤激光器

由于羧基官能团在碳原子层内以及边缘处的大量分布,羧基氧化石墨烯(Carboxyl-functionalized graphene oxide,GO-COOH)具有比石墨烯及氧化石墨烯更强的水溶性和生物活性,而且羧基氧化石墨烯的制备方法更加灵活、简单,使其在可饱和吸收体领域表现出一定的应用优势.将二维材料GO-COOH与聚合物聚乙烯醇(PVA)混合制成饱和吸收体薄膜,在掺铒光纤激光器中实现了稳定的调Q运转.泵浦功率为11-45mW时,激光器可以在12.05-22.52kHz重复频率范围内进行调谐,调Q脉冲的脉冲宽度的可调谐范围为19.81-4.66μs.当泵浦功率为45mW时,得到最小调Q脉冲宽度为4.66μs,最大单脉冲能量为117.68nJ.实验结果表明,羧基氧化石墨烯是一种有着广泛应用前景的二维非线性光学材料.     

基于石墨烯可饱和吸收体的脉冲光纤激光器研究进展

单层石墨烯是一种具有独特电学及光学特性的二维碳材料,尤其是在光学应用方面,它对可见光到近红外波段范围内光波仅有2.3%的线性吸收.由于石墨烯的独特性质,使得它可以作为一种具有超快响应时间以及超宽带工作特性的可饱和吸收体.本综述将展开石墨烯的线性及非线性光学特性分析,并重点阐述基于石墨烯可饱和吸收体的调Q及锁模光纤激光器研究进展,并指出厦门大学光电子技术研究所近几年来在这一方面所取得的成果.     

石墨烯碳纳米管混杂增强铝轴承材料微观组织与减磨性能研究

铝基轴承合金(成分:Al-20Sn-1Cu-0.5Mg),摩擦系数降低,在干摩擦过程中具有极为重要的意义。利用化学镀制备镀铜石墨烯及碳纳米管,采用球磨分散、热压烧结的方法来制备镀铜石墨烯及碳纳米管混杂铝基轴承材料;采用金相显微(OM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察复合材料的微观组织,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对复合材料进行物相分析,通过摩擦试验测试摩擦系数变化,结果表明:通过高能球磨技术能够将石墨烯及碳纳米管分散到铝锡复合粉体中,利用热压烧结工艺可以得到石墨烯及碳纳米管增强铝锡基轴承材料。在干摩擦的条件下,随着石墨烯含量的增加,铝基复合材料摩擦系数显著降低,波动范围也明显减小,当石墨烯含量为1.0wt.%时,复合材料摩擦系数平均值降低至0.12。     

基于覆石墨烯锥型光纤可饱和吸收体的掺铥光纤激光器

报道了一种基于覆石墨烯锥型光纤可饱和吸收体的掺铥光纤激光器。该激光器采用环形腔结构,利用“熔融拉锥”法制备锥型微纳光纤,采用化学气相沉积法制备石墨烯层,并将单层石墨烯覆于锥型微纳光纤上形成可饱和吸收体,利用石墨烯对光纤锥腰部位倏逝场的非线性吸收来实现锁模。通过调节激光器的泵浦功率(1~2.52 W),获得了多个工作状态的产生和演化过程,实验分别获得了连续激光(1~1.38 W)、调Q锁模脉冲(1.38~2.09 W)和稳定的连续锁模脉冲(2.09~2.52 W)3种不同的输出状态。结果表明,覆石墨烯锥型光纤可饱和吸收体能够使激光器实现稳定的锁模运行,研究结果对基于覆石墨烯锥型光纤可饱和吸收体的掺铥光纤激光器输出动力学特性研究具有一定的指导价值。     

复合碳纳米阳极强化微生物燃料电池产电研究

〖JP〗石墨烯疏水性及层间-共轭极大地影响了其生物相容性和分散性,难以有效修饰电极. 文章通过将石墨烯与碳纳米管混合,利用二者之间的非共价结合,消除了石墨烯单一修饰电极的缺点,并通过浸渍法制备了石墨烯-碳纳米管复合碳纳米材料电极. 扫描电镜观察表明,石墨烯与碳纳米管被牢固地固定在碳毡电极表面,形成了复合均一层. 将复合电极用作微生物燃料电池（MFC）的阳极,〖JP+1〗显著改善了MFC的产电性能. 复合阳极的MFC的最大功率密度（760.7 mW/m2）比空白碳毡阳极MFC的（228.8 mW/m2）高2.36倍,因为复合电极显著降低了阳极的电子传递阻力,减轻了阳极极化,改善了阳极电化学性能. 复合碳纳米材料修饰阳极的电子传递阻抗（39.8 ）比空白碳毡阳极的（248.7）低84%.〖JP〗     

低噪声、宽谱响应的碳纳米管薄膜-石墨烯复合光探测器

采用高纯半导体碳纳米管薄膜和石墨烯构建复合结构光探测器, 研究其光电响应特性。结果表明, 在光照下, 顶层石墨烯中的光生载流子通过碳纳米管与石墨烯之间薄的非晶硅层, 隧穿至底层的碳纳米管薄膜中, 在非晶硅层两侧分别富集电子和空穴, 形成光致栅压(Photogating), 有效地改变了碳纳米管薄膜晶体管的电流。器件在可见光(633 nm)条件下得到响应度为83 mA/W, 并在近红外波段范围内仍保持好的光响应特性。由于石墨烯具有宽谱光吸收特性, 半导体碳纳米管薄膜晶体管具有小的暗电流, 碳纳米管–石墨烯复合光探测器发挥了两种材料的优势, 为今后高性能宽谱光电探测器的制备奠定了基础。     

石墨烯和碳纳米管对SiO2气凝胶负极材料的改性

为了缓解二氧化硅(SiO_2)负极材料的体积膨胀开裂,改善其电化学性能,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出三维网状结构的SiO_2气凝胶纳米材料及其石墨烯改性材料(rGO/SiO_2)和碳纳米管改性材料(CNT/SiO_2),研究石墨烯和碳纳米管改性对SiO_2气凝胶负极材料的储锂性能影响.利用X射线衍射分析仪、光电子能谱仪和扫描电子显微镜进行表征.电化学性能研究表明,石墨烯和碳纳米管改性提高了SiO_2气凝胶负极材料的导电性、充放电比容量和库伦效率,其中CNT/SiO_2提升作用更加显著,循环稳定性能最好.因此,在减轻材料体积膨胀和结构开裂、粉化,增加SiO_2气凝胶负极材料的导电性方面,碳纳米管改性优于石墨烯改性.     

快速微波法制备石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料

以微波照射方法为基础,将氧化石墨放入家用微波炉中进行微波照射,1 min即可得到还原并且剥离的氧化石墨,将它与二茂铁混合在相同的条件下进行二次微波得到石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、拉曼光谱、X射线粉末衍射对其结构进行表征,扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜表征其形貌.结果表明,采用两次微波照射可以得到复合比较均匀的具有磁性的石墨烯/碳纳米管复合物.复合材料中碳纳米管的直径大约为20 nm,为多壁碳纳米管,且磁性粉末为Fe3C.     

纳米碳/聚偏二氟乙烯高介电复合材料

以多壁碳纳米管及多层石墨烯作为添加剂与聚偏二氟乙烯基体复合,制备介电性能优异的纳米碳/聚合物复合材料。通过SEM,TEM,AFM,XPS,FT-IR等手段对添加剂的结构、成分及其在聚合物基体中的分散性进行了表征。对多壁碳纳米管进行羧基及酯基修饰后,提高其在聚合物基体中的分散性,复合材料的介电性能明显提高。对多层石墨烯进行强碱水热处理后,多层石墨烯表面羟基含量增加,多层石墨烯/聚偏二氟乙烯复合材料的导电阈值增加,复合材料的介电性能大大增强,表现出比碳纳米管掺杂的复合材料更加优异的介电性能。     

共价键结合的石墨烯和碳纳米管三维复合材料的载流子迁移率研究

应用密度泛函理论对共价键结合的多孔石墨烯和单壁碳纳米管三维复合材料进行结构优化和能带计算，确定石墨烯和碳纳米管以共价键的形式结合.基于第一性原理计算出石墨烯二维平面上的弹性常数和形变势常数，得到石墨烯电子和空穴迁移率约为104 cm2/(Vs), 比完整的单层石墨烯低1个数量级.该模型可以扩展到共价键结合的碳元素三维空间结构，在未来的有机电子学领域具有广阔的发展前景.     

Recent advances in graphene based photoresponsive materials

Recent scientific interests reveal that graphene, with its flexibility, chemical stability, thermal conductivity,unique electronic band structure and optical transmittance, has emerged as the novel supporting material for nanocomposites for various applications. Research interests have flourished regarding decoration of conventional materials with modified graphene for achieving better optical properties. More concern is given for achieving improved photoresponse with graphene as the supporting material. The giant electron mobility and transparency of graphene enables the photo-induced electron transfer in the hybrid material, resulting in enhanced behaviour. Graphene oxide is able to effectively convert near infrared energy into heat, potentially acting as a photo-thermal switch. They act as potential candidates for photo-catalysts, sensors, photo-current switching,photo-detectors and other optical applications. In this review, we summarized the recent developments on fabrication and properties of graphene based photoresponsive materials.     

Optical nano-imaging of gate-tunable graphene plasmons

The ability to manipulate optical fields and the energy flow of light is central to modern information and communication technologies, as well as quantum information processing schemes. However, because photons do not possess charge, a way of controlling them efficiently by electrical means has so far proved elusive. A promising way to achieve electric control of light could be through plasmon polaritons—coupled excitations of photons and charge carriers—in graphene. In this two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms, it is expected that plasmon polaritons and their associated optical fields can readily be tuned electrically by varying the graphene carrier density. Although evidence of optical graphene plasmon resonances has recently been obtained spectroscopically, no experiments so far have directly resolved propagating plasmons in real space. Here we launch and detect propagating optical plasmons in tapered graphene nanostructures using near-field scattering microscopy with infrared excitation light. We provide real-space images of plasmon fields, and find that the extracted plasmon wavelength is very short—more than 40 times smaller than the wavelength of illumination. We exploit this strong optical field confinement to turn a graphene nanostructure into a tunable resonant plasmonic cavity with extremely small mode volume. The cavity resonance is controlled in situ by gating the graphene, and in particular, complete switching on and off of the plasmon modes is demonstrated, thus paving the way towards graphene-based optical transistors. This successful alliance between nanoelectronics and nano-optics enables the development of active subwavelength-scale optics and a plethora of nano-optoelectronic devices and functionalities, such as tunable metamaterials, nanoscale optical processing, and strongly enhanced light–matter interactions for quantum devices and biosensing applications.     

层间耦合对多壁碳纳米管电子结构的影响

研究了耦合效应对多壁碳纳米管电子结构的影响.采用π-轨道紧束缚模型.计算结果表明,层间耦合使多壁碳纳米管的能带分裂,能级简并度降低,同时使多壁碳纳米管的带隙减小,小的带隙确保了每层中都存在振动模式,多数激发态电子通过相邻管的快速振动转化能量而产生无辐射跃迁,使其荧光很难观察到.     

基于第一性原理计算Stone-Wales石墨烯的光学性质

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算研究了一种新型二维材料Stone-Wales(SW)石墨烯的光学性质。基于介电函数，反射谱和吸收谱等参数对其进行研究。结果显示这种狄拉克碳材料的光学性质在不同极化光下都表现出强各向异性。介电函数实部表明其静态介电常数大，这说明该材料具有很多可利用的自由载流子，所以具有优良的导电性，可作为新一代纳米电子器件的候选材料。此外，吸收光谱和反射光谱表明了SW石墨烯在全光谱区内具有比较敏感的光谱响应，这说明该材料在光电子器件领域非常具有应用前景。     

二维石墨烯制备方法研究进展

石墨烯是目前发现的唯一存在的二维自由态原子晶体,是构筑零维富勒烯、一维碳纳米管、三维体相石墨等sp2杂化碳的基本结构单元。石墨烯因具有独特的结构和优异的性能,吸引了不同领域科学家的关注,极具应用前景。对近几年石墨烯的主要制备方法进行了综述,对比了不同制备方法的优缺点,同时分析了石墨烯制备方法的发展趋势。     

碳纳米材料的无铜点击功能化

碳纳米管、富勒烯、石墨烯等碳纳米材料在水和有机溶剂中的溶解性不理想,导致在一定程度上限制了进一步的应用.文中综述了近几年无铜催化的点击反应,如 Diels-Alder 反应、巯基-烯点击反应等对碳纳米材料的化学修饰, 并对其发展和应用前景进行了展望.     

Direct evidence for atomic defects in graphene layers

Atomic-scale defects in graphene layers alter the physical and chemical properties of carbon nanostructures. Theoretical predictions have recently shown that energetic particles such as electrons and ions can induce polymorphic atomic defects in graphene layers as a result of knock-on atom displacements. However, the number of experimental reports on these defects is limited. The graphite network in single-walled carbon nanotubes has been visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and their chiral indices have been determined. But the methods used require a long image acquisition time and intensive numerical treatments after observations to find an 'average' image, which prevents the accurate detection and investigation of defect structures. Here we report observations in situ of defect formation in single graphene layers by high-resolution TEM. The observed structures are expected to be of use when engineering the properties of carbon nanostructures for specific device applications.     

Graphene-based composite materials

Graphene sheets--one-atom-thick two-dimensional layers of sp2-bonded carbon--are predicted to have a range of unusual properties. Their thermal conductivity and mechanical stiffness may rival the remarkable in-plane values for graphite (approximately 3,000 W m(-1) K(-1) and 1,060 GPa, respectively); their fracture strength should be comparable to that of carbon nanotubes for similar types of defects; and recent studies have shown that individual graphene sheets have extraordinary electronic transport properties. One possible route to harnessing these properties for applications would be to incorporate graphene sheets in a composite material. The manufacturing of such composites requires not only that graphene sheets be produced on a sufficient scale but that they also be incorporated, and homogeneously distributed, into various matrices. Graphite, inexpensive and available in large quantity, unfortunately does not readily exfoliate to yield individual graphene sheets. Here we present a general approach for the preparation of graphene-polymer composites via complete exfoliation of graphite and molecular-level dispersion of individual, chemically modified graphene sheets within polymer hosts. A polystyrene-graphene composite formed by this route exhibits a percolation threshold of approximately 0.1 volume per cent for room-temperature electrical conductivity, the lowest reported value for any carbon-based composite except for those involving carbon nanotubes; at only 1 volume per cent, this composite has a conductivity of approximately 0.1 S m(-1), sufficient for many electrical applications. Our bottom-up chemical approach of tuning the graphene sheet properties provides a path to a broad new class of graphene-based materials and their use in a variety of applications.     

碳膜材料的热学性能及研究进展

基于碳材料独特的结构,概述了其优异的热学性能以及作为散热材料在电子器件散热领域中的应用。着重介绍了石墨烯膜、碳纳米管膜和石墨膜材料的研究进展,同时阐述了影响碳膜材料热导率的关键结构及其控制方法,最后提出了发展高导热碳基复合材料的研究策略以及面临的挑战。