超低渗油藏超前注水井网适应性研究

B153区长63油藏属超低渗油藏,单井产量低、产量递减速度快、稳产困难,目前采用超前注水的开发方式,但是效果不明显,单井产量并未明显提高。利用油藏工程与数值模拟方法,结合该区目前采用的井排距组合及井网类型,分析了超前注水开发效果不理想的原因。认为:目前井距过大,注入水只起到稳压并未起到驱油的作用,应适当加密调整;计算得到其合理井距为258 m,排距为152 m;井网类型建议初期选择方形反九点井网,后期调整为五点井网。研究为具有类似特征的油藏能够采用合理的井网井距进行有效开发提供了借鉴。     

特低渗透裂缝性油藏超前注水井网评价方法

大庆油田外围某特低渗透试验区天然裂缝发育,微裂缝一方面可以增大油、水渗流能力,另一方面会加剧注入水窜流,认清裂缝发育特低渗透油藏超前注水的水平井井网部署对开发效果的影响是很有必要的。考虑特低渗透油藏非线性渗流规律,对微裂缝采用等效渗流介质理论,运用室内岩心分析数据和数值模拟的方法,探讨了超前注水水平井井网部署。根据井网与微裂缝匹配关系,建立12套模拟模型。通过分析各方案采出程度与含水率关系、地层压力保持水平和压力梯度场分布,明确了各方案的开发效果和适应性。分析结果表明水平井井筒垂直于最大主应力方向井网开发效果好。七点水平井网开发效果好,应优化井距以驱动注水井间的原油。九点井网见水快,应合理设计注水井位置,避免过早见水。水平井五点井网不适用于该地区。     

特低渗透裂缝型油藏矩形井网开发的实践

首次采用井排平行于人工裂缝延伸方向、排距 1 5 0 m、井距 45 0 m的矩形井网对安塞油田坪桥北区特低渗透裂缝型油藏进行了注水开发部署 .注水开发试验表明 ,井网部署合理 ,人工裂缝是影响注水开发的主要因素     

特低渗透油田经济开发差异化井网调整方法

低渗透油藏存在启动压力梯度,只有建立有效驱替压力系统,才能有效开发油田。而技术极限井距一般小于经济合理井距,甚至小于经济极限井距。分析认为,国外特低渗透C油田原来井距为400 m的反七点井网不能建立有效驱替,是注水效果差的直接原因。通过技术极限井距和经济极限井距,论述注水经济开发的有效厚度下限。根据不同区域油层分布情况,采用不同的注采井网调整方法和储层改造对策。结果表明菱形反五点差异化井网加密调整方法适用于国外此类油藏注水开发,实现了该类特低渗透油田的经济开发。     

特低渗透裂缝型油藏矩形井网开发的实践

首次采用井排平行于人工裂缝延伸方向、排距150m、井距450m的矩形井网对安塞油田坪桥北区特低渗透裂缝型油藏进行了注水开发部署。注水开发试验表明，井网部署合理，人工裂缝是影响注水开发的主要因素。     

大庆扶余油层超前注水技术政策界限研究——以葡333区块为例

根据低渗油田地质特征,确定了超前注水的技术政策界限指标。通过地质建模、数模及方案优化研究区块超前注水相关技术政策指标界限。其中包括对合理注采井网、井距研究;超前注水时机和地层压力保持水平研究;超前注水强度、注入压力、累积注水量研究等。从研究结果选出最优方案,为低渗油田开发提供理论依据。     

大庆扶余油层超前注水技术政策界限研究——以葡333区块为例

根据低渗油田地质特征,确定了超前注水的技术政策界限指标。通过地质建模、数模及方案优化研究区块超前注水相关技术政策指标界限。其中包括对合理注采井网、井距研究;超前注水时机和地层压力保持水平研究;超前注水强度、注入压力、累积注水量研究等。从研究结果选出最优方案,为低渗油田开发提供理论依据。     

低渗透油藏矩形井网水力压裂适应性研究

水力压裂技术是低渗透油藏增产改造的主要措施。矩形井网由于注采井数比高、注水强度大等特点,可以提高油井产能和注水井注水能力,是目前油田开发的有效井网形式之一。针对低渗透油藏的地质特点,对矩形井网在低渗透油田水力压裂中的适应性进行了研究。结果表明,对低渗透油田,采用矩形井网开发能获得较好效果。研究了矩形井网在不同井距和排距条件下裂缝长度和导流能力变化对压裂井产能等开发指标的影响。研究结果表明:对于矩形井网,井距一定,压裂效果并非排距、缝长比和导流能力越大越好,而是存在一个合适的范围。     

水平井在定边油田长7致密油藏的开发效果分析

定边油田长7油藏是典型的"三低"即低压、低渗、低产油藏,具有连续性好、规模大的特征,初步估算含油面积约300 km~2,储量估算约1×10~8t。本研究主要针对常规井网难以有效动用致密油藏的问题,采用不同井网试验效果分析,总结优选适合本区域的水平井注采井网。研究认为:水平井开发是目前开发致密油藏最有利的开发方式,其中水平井七点井网、交错七点井网、五点井网应用效果较好。同时,对水平井的注水开发、天然能量开发以及注水吞吐3种不同开发方式,进行效果分析,为后期定边油田长7致密油藏规模建产提供了参考。     

含裂缝低渗透油藏井网调整平面波及效率研究

合理部署注水开发井网以及研究低渗透油藏的水驱油渗流规律是经济有效地开发低渗透油藏的前提条件。通过对物理模拟结果的灰度处理,对比正方形反九点井网和菱形反九点井网的平面波及效率,优选出适用于含裂缝低渗透油藏开发的基础井网。通过对比正方形反九点井网与菱形反九点井网,发现:含裂缝低渗透砂岩油藏中,菱形反九点面积井网能有效扩大平行于裂缝方向的注采井距,缩小垂直于裂缝方向的注采井距,可有效改善平面上各油井的均匀受效程度,延缓角井水淹时间。开发后期,角井含水较高,基础井网不能满足开发需要时须适时进行加密转注调整。通过对比三种加密调整方式的面积波及系数,优选出适合含裂缝低渗透油藏的加密调整方案,有效指导含裂缝低渗透油藏的开发。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.