一种改进的负关联规则挖掘算法

负关联规则A→—B(或者-A→B,-A→B)描述的是项目之间的互斥关系,其与传统的关联规则有着同样重要的作用．然而,负关联规则和传统正关联规则的挖掘有很大不同,因为负关联规则隐藏在数量巨大的非频繁项集中．因此提出一种新的挖掘horn子句类型负关联规则的算法,并且实验证明是行之有效的．     

负关联规则挖掘算法的研究与实现

传统的正关联规则主要考虑事务中所列举的项目,负关联规则不仅要考虑事务中所包含的项目,还要考虑事务中所不包含的项目,它包含了非常有价值的信息。本文对负关联规则的相关定义、支持度及置信度的计算方法进行了分析讨论,并讨论了对负关联规则挖掘中出现的矛盾规则问题及利用规则相关性解决矛盾规则问题,最后给出了其挖掘算法及其实现。     

基于正、负关联规则的数据挖掘探讨

传统的关联规则只关注于挖掘出项集间的正关联规则,但在实际应用中负关联规则同样隐含着有价值的信息.本文首先给出了正、负关联规则的定义及支持度和置信度的函数表示,重点分析了关联规则中"支持度—置信度"架构的局限性,提出了利用项集的相关性来解决关联规则中正、负矛盾规则出现的问题,同时针对置信度的设置进行了研究分析,最后对负关联规则挖掘的算法进行了讨论,旨在为关联规则的研究奠定基础.     

基于概率统计的正负关联规则挖掘算法

正关联规则与负关联规则有着同样重要的作用,而传统的关联规则算法只能挖掘正关联规则.本文对关联规则的相关度进行判断,并在此基础上提出了一个能同时挖掘正负关联规则的算法,实验证明改进算法是有效的.     

基于两级多支持度的非频繁项集挖掘方法

现有关联规则挖掘算法都是在频繁项集基础上进行挖掘,关于非频繁项集的资料很少.特别是在研究负关联规则后,非频繁项集因包含重要的负关联规则而变得非常重要.针对这一问题,在多支持度算法的基础上提出了一种新的算法模型,能够在挖掘频繁项集的同时得到非频繁项集,实验结果表明了该算法的有效性.     

数据挖掘中关联规则集的优化

尝试重新定义了正关联规则和负关联规则,并给出它们的兴趣度,从而统一了正、负关联规则的评价标准.在此基础上,采用逻辑的方法查找极小矛盾集以判定关联规则集的一致性,通过修改极小矛盾集中的规则消除关联规则集的不一致,从而优化原有的关联规则集.     

一种基于位矩阵的负关联规则挖掘新算法

典型的关联规则仅考虑事务中所列举的项目,这样的规则主要是正关联规则.负关联规则不但要考虑事务中所包含的项目集,还要考虑事务中所不包含的项目,它有利于进行购物篮分析以发现那些相关的商品或互斥的商品.而已有的负关联规则挖掘的算法具有很大的局限性.为此,文中提出了一种基于位矩阵的负关联规则挖掘新算法.通过算例表明,该算法是有效可行的.     

三支概念格中的关联规则提取算法

针对基于形式概念分析的关联规则提取侧重属性之间的正关联、忽略负关联的问题,提出一种基于三支概念分析的关联规则提取算法(3ARM)。利用对象导出三支概念的内涵包括表达"共同具有"语义的正属性子集和表达"共同不具有"语义的负属性子集的特点,结合三支概念格的泛化与例化结构,高效地提取正负关联规则;基于三支概念的闭项集特性,从三支概念格中选出包含频繁项集的候选概念进行挖掘,减少不必要的搜索;通过对三支概念之间的关系进行研究,从父子概念中提取无冗余的正关联规则和负关联规则,再从兄弟概念中提取正负规则对规则集进行补充,充分挖掘三支概念格中的知识。MovieLens数据集上的实验结果表明:应用3ARM算法,在最小支持度为10%时,得到正规则86 027条,负规则93 685条;3ARM算法得出的正规则数量比FARM算法的多出0.9倍～1.5倍,减少了FISM算法最多28.3%的冗余负规则,分别减少了FISM和FARM算法44%～63%和27%～62%的运行时间。     

基于相关系数的正、负关联规则挖掘算法

负关联规则描述的是项目之间的互斥关系，它与传统的正关联规则有着同样重要的作用。然而，大多规则挖掘算法只能挖掘正规则而忽略了负规则的挖掘。本文利用统计学中相关系数的理论，提出一个能同时挖掘正、负关联规则的算法，实验表明该算法是有效的。     

一种挖掘负关联规则的有效方法

负关联规则表示2个项集之间的互斥或否定关系,往往隐藏在数量庞大的非频繁项集中,有很强的相关性且包含了重要的信息.提出了一种基于相关系数和最小兴趣度的挖掘负关联规则的方法,并给出了相应的算法,实验表明该算法能有效提高挖掘效率.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.