精密视觉测量中照明对图像质量的影响

为了达到自动控制光源、保障测量精度的目的,研究了视觉检测系统中不同光源照明方式与照度对图像质量的影响规律,探明了图像质量与测量精度的内在关系.通过实验,对不同照明方式下的图像质量评价系统进行了建模,并提出了一种评价图像质量的方法,即在透射照明方式下,以图像对比度为评价指标;在反射照明方式下,以图像低频分量比为评价指标,通过计算图像对比度和低频分量比是否达到一定阈值来评价图像质量,并以此控制光源照度,保证测量精度在允许范围.     

广义动态测量精度模型及不确定度研究

对采用数学方法逼近动态测量系统传输特性的传统理论所存在的问题进行了分析。基于全面考虑动态测量系统各误差因素的影响,提出包含所有误差对动态系统精度影响的广义动态测量精度模型的理论与建模方法,并给出了典型动态测量系统的精度模型及不确定度的评定方法。     

角位移和线位移圆度误差分离技术的比对分析

分析了采用角位移三点法和线位移三点法测量工件圆度误差时，两种方法权函数的频域特性：谐波抑制特性、测量系统权函数总体特点性对噪声的敏感特性。结果表明，角位移三点法存在0阶、1阶谐波抑制，且该测量系统的权函数有高通特性，这些特性不利于提高属于低频信号范围的圆度误差的测量精度，但有助于抑制测量噪声对圆度误差分离精度的影响。     

计算机辅助投射条纹系统在三维形状测量中的应用

叙述了计算机辅助投射条纹系统在三维物体形状测量中的应用 ,提出了引入虚参考平面的方法 ,为形状测量的实用化创造了良好的环境。该系统采用计算机生成和视频投影仪投射条纹 ,为提高形状测量精度 ,引入了相移技术 ,从而使得测量过程快速、方便。为进一步提高精度 ,还采用了自动参数确定方法 ,即结合对已知尺寸物体进行的标定实验 ,在设定调整范围和步长的基础上根据测量结果对部分参数进行自动调整。文中还就其它提高精度的方法进行了研究 ,并例举了多个测量实例 ,误差小于 0 .5 % ,最后讨论了系统的应用途径。实验表明 ,该方法是一种可行的三维形状测量技术     

光照度对光纤环绕制图像清晰度影响分析

在视觉测量技术中光照度是照明系统中的一个重要参数,选取合适的光强对视觉测量系统至关重要。为了进一步确定光纤检测系统的最佳光强,将针对不同光强对图像质量及系统的检测精度产生影响展开研究。首先通过调制光源电源模块产生十种不同的光照度,然后利用五种清晰度函数分别评价各个光强下采集光纤环图像的清晰程度,并计算每幅图像中对应点的光纤直径测量误差以确定检测精度。实验结果显示:当光通量为200 lm时,图像的清晰度最佳,系统的检测精度最高。研究通过优化光照度有效地提高了系统的精度,同时为搭建视觉测量系统时选择合适的光照度提供了一定的参考价值。     

采用时分割乘法器的电能测量系统

针对当前电能参数测量系统精度低、受器件和温度影响较大的现状，采用时分割乘法器设计了电能参数测量系统。该系统主要由时分割乘法器、低通滤波器、电压频率转换器组成，能够完成电流、电压真有效值以及无功功率、有功功率、视在功率、功率因数等的测量和显示。误差分析表明：该系统对有功功率的测量精度可达0．1级，其测量范围广且设计灵活，适合于设计高精确度、高准确度的电能测量仪器。     

电容层析成像系统中未知介电常数时测量数据的归一化处理

电容层析成像系统重建图像前要对电容测量值进行归一化处理.对于已知介电常数的成像对象,电容测量值采用0-1校验法进行归一化处理;对于未知介电常数的成像对象,电容测量值采用仿真校验法进行归一化处理,仿真结果表明,可获得很好的重建图像质量.     

激光跟踪系统“鸟巢”坐标的球面标定法

深入分析了激光跟踪测量系统坐标系的特点,建立了采用高精度约束球面标定激光跟踪测量系统(LTS)的初始状态参量和结构误差参量的方法.通过数学仿真搜索出采用约束球面进行系统标定时的最佳约束球半径、最佳采样点个数等,并采用仿真方法评估系统噪声对标定结果的影响.使用三坐标测量机和QC20-W高精度伸缩球杆仪建立了球面约束标定的实验装置,对激光跟踪系统执行了球面约束标定实验.实验结果表明,采用高精度约束球面作为约束条件可以提高系统的未知参数标定精度和测量精度.     

汽车惯性参数测量研究

为总结和分析汽车惯性参数测量技术的研究进展、发展趋势和提高测量精度,分析了惯性参数对汽车动力学特性的影响,进而从汽车惯性参数的辨识和试验台测量2个方面对汽车惯性参数测量技术进行综述;在辨识汽车惯性参数时,应当根据采用的汽车动力学(操纵、平顺或行驶)模型进行相关的试验,考虑输入和输出试验数据测量精度对辨识结果的影响;汽车惯性参数测量试验装置从传统的单参数测量装置发展到了多参数汽车惯性参数测量装置,主要采用复摆原理或力/运动原理进行测量。试验台的摩擦和支撑系统的刚度是影响测量精度的2个主要因素,采用系统动力学的方法建立汽车惯性参数测量试验台的摩擦和弹性补偿模型,对试验台摩擦和弹性的影响进行分析。结果表明:汽车惯性参数测量试验台开发过程中,采用轻量化设计和测量误差分析技术指导试验台的优化设计是十分必要的;提出的汽车惯性参数测量试验台的摩擦和弹性计算方法,提高了测量精度。     

激光全息云纹干涉法测定高温合金材料断裂特性的试验研究

采用激光云纹干涉装置对航空高温合金材料在高温下的断裂韧性进行了测试。利用电化学方法直接在被测试件表面刻蚀零厚度光栅，拓展了高温合金云纹干涉法的研究空间，应用4f成像系统构成傅立叶光学滤波光路，进一步改善了莫尔(Moire)条纹的图像质量，提高了云纹干涉法的测量精度。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.