氧含量对易切削钢中硫化物生成行为的影响

通过实验研究了氧含量对硫化物形态的影响.结果表明:随着氧含量的增加,MnS夹杂物的形态由Ⅱ类向Ⅰ类转变,其平均直径和面积分数增大,数量减少,长宽比减小.通过数学模型以及Fe-Mn-S和Fe-Mn-S-O体系的四元相图研究了氧含量对硫化物形态产生影响的机理.在氧质量分数高达0.022%时,凝固初期形成了大量的MnO系低熔点液态氧化物,促进了MnS的形成方式从共晶方式向偏晶方式转变,形成Ⅰ类MnS;氧质量分数在0.01%以下时,凝固初期形成的MnO系低熔点液态氧化物较少,大部分MnS是在凝固末期以共晶形式析出,形成Ⅱ类MnS.     

非调质钢的研究、应用及其最新进展

综述了国内外非调质钢的研究、应用情况及强韧化机理;论述了非调质钢研究方面的最新进展,其中包括晶内析出铁素体非调质钢、氮在非调质钢中的作用,硫的有益作用.并预测了非调质钢的应用前景.     

非调质钢中钛氧化物冶金行为

通过热力学计算及实验,研究了含钛汽车用非调质钢在液态和凝固过程中含钛夹杂物的析出规律.研究表明,通过调整非调质钢中O,Al和Ti的含量,可以控制夹杂的形态和尺寸,从而得到细小、弥散非金属夹杂物作为针状铁素体的形核核心,细化钢的组织,提高钢的强度和韧性.     

定向凝固研究易切削钢中硫化物的生成行为

通过定向凝固实验研究了易切削钢中硫化物的生成过程,并建立了枝晶臂间距、硫化物的平均直径与凝固条件之间的关系.实验结果表明:随着温度梯度和拉速的增大,MnS的平均直径减小,数量增多;定向凝固过程中硫化物的完全析出温度大约在固相线温度下100℃左右,MnS形态的改变,主要受其组成元素的活度影响,即MnS形态的改变受其界面自由能的影响;对定向凝固实验中钢的枝晶臂间距、硫化物的平均直径与凝固条件的关系进行了拟合,拟合结果与前人研究结果相吻合.     

非调质钢的研究、应用及其最新进展

综述了国内外非调质钢的研究，应用情况及强韧化机理，论述了非调质钢研究方面的最新进展，其中包括晶内析出铁素体非调质钢，氮在非调质钢中的作用，硫的有益作用，并预测了非调质钢的应用前景。     

V的碳氮化合物析出对36Mn2V非调质钢组织性能的影响

在φ340机组上进行非调质36Mn2V和37Mn5油井管钢工艺试验,对比分析二者组织性能,研究36Mn2V钢中微合金元素V的碳氮化物析出对其组织性能的影响。结果表明,36Mn2V、37Mn5钢可分别用于高钢级N80-1和低钢级J55、K55油井管的生产,36Mn2V非调质钢在高温形变诱导下析出V(C、N),促进了晶内细小铁素体和珠光体的析出,反之细晶铁素体析出促进了V(C、N)沿γ/α界面弥散析出,故而显著改善了36Mn2V非调质钢组织性能。     

含锡C--Mn钢中锡的析出相

利用扫描电镜/能谱仪和透射电镜表征了残余元素Sn在C--Mn钢中的存在形式,同时考察了热处理温度对含Sn析出相类型的影响.结果表明:Fe--5% Sn中Sn以第二相形式在晶界与晶内析出;Fe--1.5% Sn--0.2% S中Sn以第二相形式在直径2~4 μm的球形MnS夹杂物上异质析出.透射电镜分析和热处理实验结果表明:在Fe--5% Sn及Fe--1.5% Sn--0.2% S中MnS夹杂上析出的含Sn第二相结构为四方晶系的FeSn2相.     

变形量及N含量对油井管用中碳V-Ti-N微合金钢显微组织的影响

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,研究了某油井管生产工艺中张力减径过程变形量以及C和N含量对中碳V-Ti-N微合金非调质钢室温组织的影响.结果表明:HCLN钢在800℃变形量为20%、40%和60%时,对应的室温组织中铁素体的体积分数依次为17.2%、19.7%和29.9%.N质量分数为2.3×10-4时,800℃变形60%后控冷钢中铁素体的体积分数为含低N(1.1×10-4)钢的1.7倍左右,使含C0.34%的钢中铁素体含量接近于含C0.26%的钢,并使铁素体平均晶粒尺寸降低到3μm左右.变形量和钢中N含量二者增大均有利于增加钢中铁素体的数量,且二者综合运用的效果更有效.通过分析可知,800℃变形量的增大,可以提高未再结晶奥氏体晶粒内的缺陷密度,有利于过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变时为晶内铁素体形核提供更多的形核位置.N含量的增大,能够促进第二相析出物的析出,诱导晶内铁素体的析出,提高铁素体含量,并细化其晶粒尺寸.     

稀土处理C-Mn钢显微组织和夹杂物演化

对稀土处理C-Mn钢的夹杂物和显微组织进行分析,统计稀土处理C-Mn钢中针状铁素体形核核心尺寸,并将稀土处理钢在不同温度下淬火,研究稀土夹杂物生成和长大过程. 实验结果表明:C-Mn钢加入少量稀土后钢中夹杂物从MnS﹢硅铝酸盐夹杂转变为La2 O2 S﹢LaAlO3 ﹢MnS﹢硅铝酸盐夹杂,尺寸得到细化,显微组织也从马氏体﹢贝氏体组织变成侧板条铁素体、针状铁素体和块状铁素体组织;稀土处理C-Mn钢中针状铁素体有效形核核心的尺寸集中在1~4μm,主要是在钢液中形成,冷却和凝固过程形成的数量较少;稀土夹杂物在钢液温度和冷却及凝固过程容易碰撞黏合长大,上浮从钢液中去除, MnS能在稀土夹杂物颗粒间析出.     

低碳低硫钢中MnS析出行为分析

本文研究铝含量、硫含量、冷却速率等对低碳低硫钢中MnS夹杂物的成分、形貌和析出量的影响,并利用Scheil凝固方程及FactSage 6.1软件对MnS析出行为进行了理论计算。结果表明,冷却速率较低(5K/min)时,钢中夹杂物为双层结构,核心氧化物为Al2O3-SiO2和Al2O3-SiO2-MnO,MnS在氧化物表面局部或包裹析出;冷却速率较高(900K/min)时,钢中夹杂物主要为Al2O3-SiO2-MnO,高铝钢样中没有MnS析出,而低铝钢样中有极少量MnS析出;MnS在夹杂物上的析出率随着冷却速率的降低、钢中铝含量的减少(硫含量随之增加)而提高;复合氧化夹杂中的MnO+SiO2对MnS的析出影响较大,MnO+SiO2含量越高,MnS越容易在氧化物上析出;在低硫(w[S]0.0050%)条件下,MnS不能在液相中单独析出,但能在夹杂物上复合析出。     

含铈耐热钢凝固过程中的夹杂物行为

建立了稀土耐热钢凝固过程中夹杂物析出与溶质元素微观偏析的耦合热力学模型,并通过工业试验与高温模拟实验验证了模型的准确性。利用该模型,依次考察了铈添加量,初始氧含量,初始硫含量对253MA耐热钢凝固过程中夹杂物析出行为的影响作用规律。在本模型条件下,随着铈添加量的增加,钢中的SiO2与MnS消失,且凝固过程中开始析出CeN;随着初始氧含量的增加,钢中开始析出Ce2O3,SiO2及MnS,其中SiO2与MnS在凝固过程中析出;随着初始硫含量的增加,钢中的Ce2O3消失,钢中开始析出Ce3S4与MnS,在凝固过程中析出的Ce3S4逐渐在液相线温度以上析出。研究工作对于稀土耐热钢连铸水口结瘤问题的解决具有理论指导意义。     

Effect of tin addition on the microstructure and properties of ferritic stainless steel

This article reports the effects of Sn on the inclusions as well as the mechanical properties and hot workability of ferritic stainless steel. Precipitation phases and inclusions in Sn-bearing ferritic stainless steel were observed, and the relationship between the workability and the microstructure of the steel was established. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis of the steel reveals that an almost pure Sn phase forms and MnS-Sn compound inclusions appear in the steel with a higher Sn content. Little Sn segregation was observed in grain boundaries and in the areas around sulfide inclusions; however, the presence of Sn does not adversely affect the workability of the steel containing 0.4wt% Sn. When the Sn content is 0.1wt%-0.4wt%, Sn improves the tensile strength and the plastic strain ratio and also improves the plasticity with increasing temperature. A mechanism of improving the workability of ferritic stainless steel induced by Sn addition was discussed:the presence of Sn lowers the defect concentration in the ultra-pure ferritic lattice and the good distribution of tin in the lattice overcomes the problem of hot brittleness that occurs in low-carbon steel as a result of Sn segregation.     

Ti-- Mg 复合脱氧和硫含量对钢中夹杂物特征及 MnS析出行为的影响

采用扫描电镜/能谱仪表征了管线钢中夹杂物的形貌、尺寸、成分及数量,考察了不同 Ti/ Mg 比的钢中夹杂物特征、硫含量及脱氧产物数量对 MnS 析出行为的影响,并进行了热力学计算.结果表明：Ti- Mg 脱氧钢中夹杂物以 MgO- Al2 O3-Ti2 O3、MgO- Ti2 O3或 MgO 为核心,表面包裹或局部析出 MnS,粒径小于1.3μm,数量为300~450 mm -2,形貌为圆形、多边形和方形;夹杂物中 Ti/ Mg 原子数比为0.05~0.2时,夹杂物细小且近圆形;随硫含量减少,凝固过程中 MnS 析出倾向减小, MnS 在夹杂物表面由包裹析出向局部析出转变,提高氧化物夹杂数量,有利于细小 MnS 的包裹或局部异质形核;Ti- Mg 复合脱氧产物细小、弥散,可作为 MnS 异质形核核心,可同时降低 MnS 及氧化物的危害.     

Effect of austenitizing temperature on microstructure in 16Mn steel treated by cerium

The change of inclusions and microstructure of 16Mn steel treated by Ce were observed, and the effect of austenitizing temperature on the microstructure was also examined. The results show that the inclusions are transformed from Si-Mn-Al composite oxide and MnS into AlCeO₃, Ce₂O₂S, and MnS composite inclusions after being treated by Ce. Plenty of intragranular ferrites are formed in 16Mn steel containing ～0.017wt% Ce. A large amount of intragranular acicular ferrites are formed after being austenitized for 20 min at 1473 K. The prior austenite grain size fit for the formation of intragranular acicular ferrites is about 120 μm.     

稀土在低硫16Mn钢中的作用

长条状的MnS夹杂对钢的横向韧塑性极为不利。喷吹Si—Ca或加入RE,通过脱硫和变质硫化物的作用,都可显著地消除其危害。喷吹Si—Ca变质硫化物的程度与钢中Ca/S有关。喷吹Si—Ca后加入少量RE,有利于控制MnS完全变质,此时钢中所需的RE/S可明显低于3。在大幅度脱硫的基础上加入少量RE,是使钢材韧塑性获得稳定大幅度提高的一条有效途径。     

铝含量对TWIP钢中夹杂物特征及AlN析出行为的影响

采用扫描电镜、X射线能谱仪以及扫描电镜配置的夹杂物自动扫描统计软件(INCAFeature)表征了Fe-Mn-C(-Al)系TWIP钢中夹杂物的成分、形貌和数量,考察了Al质量分数在0.002%~1.590%的四种TWIP钢中夹杂物的特征和Al含量对AlN析出行为的影响.并在此基础上,采用了适合TWIP钢中高锰高铝特点的热力学参数对AlN夹杂物进行了系统的热力学分析.研究表明,在含有相似N质量分数(0.0078%~0.0100%)的TWIP钢中,当钢中Al质量分数升高至0.75%时,AlN夹杂物开始在钢中析出,并在MnS(Se)-Al2O3上局部析出形成MnS(Se)-Al2O3-AlN复合夹杂;当Al质量分数升高至1.07%时,热力学计算表明AlN已经可以在TWIP钢液相中形成,经不断长大后在MnS(Se)夹杂物表面局部析出形成MnS(Se)-AlN复合夹杂物;在Al质量分数为1.59%的TWIP钢中,AlN的平衡析出温度比其液相线温度高出42 ℃,在液相中形成的AlN可以作为异质核心,MnS(Se)夹杂在其表面包裹形成MnS(Se)-AlN复合夹杂物.另外,在Fe-18.21%Mn-0.64%C-1.59%Al体系的TWIP钢中,AlN在液相中析出所需的最低氮的质量分数仅为0.0043%.因此,在TWIP钢的冶炼过程中,应尽可能的降低钢中的氮含量,避免生成过量的AlN夹杂.     

不同洁净度条件下253MA钢中夹杂物的析出行为

基于多相多组元反应平衡原理及凝固过程固液相界面的溶质再分配理论,建立了253MA钢凝固过程中夹杂物析出与溶质元素偏析的耦合热力学模型,并验证了模型预测的准确性.在本模型计算条件下,253MA耐热钢中析出的夹杂物主要为Ce2O3,Ce2O2S,Ce3S4,CeS,CeN,SiO2,MnS.当氧的质量分数低于0006%时,Ce2O3夹杂析出的条件为［%O］/［%S］＞1;当氧的质量分数高于0006%时,Ce2O3夹杂析出的条件为［%O］/［%S］＞2.当氧的质量分数低于00046%时,若［%O］+［%S］＞0009,则耐热钢中可以析出Ce3S4,而CeN夹杂无法析出;若［%O］/［%S］＜1,则钢中可以析出CeS夹杂,且随着硫的质量分数的增加,CeS逐渐向Ce3S4转变.当氧的质量分数高于00046%时,CeN夹杂析出的条件为2［%O］+［%S］＜0014.     

Superior machinability of steel enhanced with BN and MnS particles

The strategy that replacing part of MnS with BN was proposed in order to decrease the sulfur content in sulfur based free-cutting steel. The effects of BN and MnS inclusions on the microstructure and machinability of the steel were systematically investigated. The results show that most of the BN and MnS inclusions exist individually in the steel and only a small amount of them are in a composite state forming either isolated particles or clusters of particles. In the case of multi-phased steel, the theoretical calculation predicts that the volume of large BN particles should be 0.7 times of the volume of large MnS particles. The machinability of this type of BN and MnS alloy steel over a wide range of cutting speeds ranging from a low speed appropriate for drilling to a high speed appropriate for turning is confirmed as being equal to or superior to that of an MnS reference steel, even though the sulfur content in the composite steel is only half that of the MnS steel. The aptitude for cutting effect of 240 ppm nitrogen and 115 ppm boron in the composite steel is demonstrated to be equivalent or even better than 1000 ppm sulfur in MnS free-cutting steel.     

Effects of deoxidizing degree on the pitting corrosion behavior of carbon and manganese steels

Nine steels with different deoxidizing degrees and two comparative steels were selected. Their pitting initiation susceptibility was compared by means of potentiodynamic polarization tests in 3wt% NaCl solution. The pit propagation rate was evaluated in artificial sea water and 3wt% sea salt solution by simulating occluded corrosion cell (SOCC) test and hanging plate test, respectively. The composition of inclusions and corrosive feature were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), and optical microscopy (OM). The results indicate that sulfide inclusions in steel are the sites for pit nucleation. The sulphide inclusions vary in shape from short spindle-like to long strip-like with increasing deoxidizing degree. Under the same conditions, the lower the deoxidizing degree gets, the lower the pitting initiation susceptibility becomes, and the stronger the resistance to pit propagation exhibits. For steels with different deoxidizing degrees, their pitting initiation susceptibility is mainly influenced by thermodynamic stability, while the pit propagation rate is primarily subject to the characteristics of inclusions in steel.