埋入式传感器与沥青混合料的交互影响研究

为研究埋入式应变传感器与沥青混合料的交互影响,利用ABAQUS有限元软件,建立了在四点弯曲加载条件下埋入应变传感器的梁试件有限元模型,分析了荷载大小、传感器测力杆长度和传感器封装材料模量等因素对沥青混凝土梁试件及传感器的力学响应与应力集中的影响.研究结果表明:传感器埋入沥青混合料梁试件后,在梁试件上与传感器法兰相接触的沥青混合料发生了应力集中的现象,但应力集中系数较小,最大值仅为2.95.传感器的测力杆也发生了应力集中现象,其应力集中系数最大值为26.83,远高于梁试件的应力集中系数.     

埋入式传感器与沥青混合料的交互影响研究

为研究埋入式应变传感器与沥青混合料的交互影响,利用ABAQUS有限元软件,建立了在四点弯曲加载条件下埋入应变传感器的梁试件有限元模型,分析了荷载大小、传感器测力杆长度和传感器封装材料模量等因素对沥青混凝土梁试件及传感器的力学响应与应力集中的影响.研究结果表明:传感器埋入沥青混合料梁试件后,在梁试件上与传感器法兰相接触的沥青混合料发生了应力集中的现象,但应力集中系数较小,最大值仅为2.95.传感器的测力杆也发生了应力集中现象,其应力集中系数最大值为26.83,远高于梁试件的应力集中系数.     

金属封装式FBG传感器设计及应变传递试验

为实现对被测基体结构应变的精确测量,设计一种基于金属封装粘贴式光纤光栅应变传感器,建立了6层结构的应变传递模型,分析推导了被测基体层、基底粘胶层、封装基底层、光纤粘胶层、保护层及光纤光栅层的应变传递机理,并通过理论分析和有限元仿真对比分析了光纤光栅长度、光纤粘胶层厚度、基底粘胶层厚度、中间层的弹性模量和泊松比等主要因素对平均应变传递率的影响.根据仿真结果,确定所设计的金属封装粘贴式光纤光栅传感器的封装材质、尺寸及粘胶层厚度.最后通过设计等强度悬臂梁作为施加载荷载体,提出应变传递误差修正系数,对上述铝合金封装粘贴式光纤光栅及裸光纤光栅传感器进行了应变传递对比试验.结果表明,裸光纤光栅和金属封装式光纤光栅传感器的平均应变传递率分别为98.25%和98.15%,与仿真计算误差在0.15%~0.25%以内.     

线双折射对高圆双折射光纤电流传感器输出信号的影响

对采用高圆双折射光纤的电流传感器中光纤特性的不完善,如光纤中存在的固有线双折射及弯曲引入的线双折射,传感器输出信号受到的影响进行了详细的理论分析及数值计算,获得了线双折射影响传感器输出信号的数据及曲线,并提出消除光纤中线双折射对传感器输出信号影响的方法。这些结果对分析传感器实际测量结果,提高传感器稳定性及性能以及传感用高圆双折射光纤的设计等都有很大的实用和参考价值。     

一种新型的光纤曲率传感器

开发了一种新型的埋入式光纤曲率传感器 ,以结构的曲率变形对传感器的输出光强实现强度调制 .对传感器的静态和动态特性作了分析 ,提出了该传感器的传感机理 ,对传感器的结构作了改进 .将此传感器埋入树脂基复合材料板内部 ,测量板的弯曲变形 .可利用此曲率传感器组成准分布式传感系统检测智能结构的形状变化 .     

光纤Bragg光栅传感器测试技术研究进展与展望(Ⅱ):位移、加速度、索力、钢筋锈蚀、裂缝测试

综述了土木工程中用于结构应变和温度测试的各种光纤Bragg光栅传感器的研究现状,对其存在的问题进行了分析并指出其发展方向.从传感器制作方面分类介绍了管式、基片式和嵌入式封装应变传感器,增敏型和不受应变干扰的温度传感器,应变和温度同时测量传感器的最新成果.并概括了各种传感器的基本原理,总结了其优点和不足.通过对光纤光栅传感器特点和土木工程结构测试需求的综合分析,指出光纤光栅传感器在混凝土中的埋入技术及光纤光栅传感器的实用性、在结构中的优化布置、耐久性和长期稳定性等问题还需要进一步研究.     

光纤Bragg光栅传感器测试技术研究进展与展望(I):应变、温度测试

综述了土木工程中用于结构应变和温度测试的各种光纤Bragg光栅传感器的研究现状,对其存在的问题进行了分析并指出其发展方向.从传感器制作方面分类介绍了管式、基片式和嵌入式封装应变传感器,增敏型和不受应变干扰的温度传感器,应变和温度同时测量传感器的最新成果.并概括了各种传感器的基本原理,总结了其优点和不足.通过对光纤光栅传感器特点和土木工程结构测试需求的综合分析,指出光纤光栅传感器在混凝土中的埋入技术及光纤光栅传感器的实用性、在结构中的优化布置、耐久性和长期稳定性等问题还需要进一步研究.     

桥梁内部预应力钢绞线应变的长久监测与分析

重点研究应用埋入式光纤光栅传感器对正在施工中桥梁的预应力钢绞线应变进行跟踪监测的测试方法，分析温度、横向应变等多种因素对测量结果有效性的影响，同时考察了预应力钢绞线在复杂施工环境中的力学行为．研究发现在温度变化较大时应该对测量结果进行温度补偿，同时在非均匀横向应变场作用下光纤光栅不再遵循布拉格条件，对此应做进一步的研究分析，试验结果表明光纤光栅传感器具有易埋入、抗干扰能力强、可对应变进行绝对测量等优点，非常适合于结构内部健康的长期监测。     

高频CO2激光脉冲写入PCF-LPFG传感特性研究

采用高频CO2激光技术在柚子型光子晶体光纤(PCF)上写入长周期光纤光栅(LPFG),并对其温度、应变和弯曲特性进行了实验研究。实验测得,PCF-LPFG谐振波长的温度和应变灵敏度分别为0.002nm/℃和0.001 8nm/με,谐振峰损耗值对温度和应变不敏感。由于高频CO2激光写入为单侧写入,导致PCF-LPFG透射谱的弯曲特性与方向和曲率直接相关。选择弯曲灵敏度较大的方向进行了弯曲测试,测得在一定的曲率范围内,PCF-LPFG的谐振波长及谐振峰损耗值的灵敏度分别为-5.45nm/m-1和3.32dB/m-1。基于PCF-LPFG的透射谱温度不敏感特性,本文为制作不受温度影响的应变和弯曲传感器提供了新的方法。     

光纤光栅应变传感器在仿真混凝土拱坝模型试验中应用

采用了一种基于两端夹持不锈铜管封装技术的光纤光栅应变传感器,利用万能试验机对该传感器进行了应变性能标定试验,研究了不同基体材料上传感器的应变灵敏特性.测试结果与理论结果吻合较好.将埋入武光纤光栅应变传感器应用到仿真混凝土拱坝的抗震安全性分析试验中.试验结果表明,基于两端夹持封装技术的光纤光栅传感器具有良好的灵敏度、低噪...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the