宽带激光熔覆铸造ＷＣp／Ni基合金复合涂层结合界面组织特征

研究了宽带激光熔覆铸造ＷＣp/Ｎｉ基合金复合涂层结合界面组织特征。结果表明结合界面微区组织特征为细小的共晶体组织、过渡层组织以及白亮带组织。白亮带及过渡层中主要含有Fe,Cr,Ni,Si等元素。白亮带主要是单相的γ－(Fe,Cr,Ni,Si)固溶体组织。从熔覆区→过渡层→白亮带的平均显微硬度值呈梯度分布。复合涂层结合界面主要元素、微观组织结构和显微硬度呈梯度分布的特征,提高了涂层与基材之间的匹配性,缓解应力集中,避免裂纹形成,实现了基材与涂层良好的冶金结合。     

激光熔覆原位自生TiC增强Ni3(Si,Ti)金属间化合物复合涂层研究

运用激光熔覆技术在GH864镍基合金表面制备原位自生TiC颗粒,以增强Ni3(Si,Ti)金属间化合物复合涂层.实验结果表明:利用激光表面熔覆技术,可以在镍基合金表面直接原位合成TiC颗粒增强的Ni3(Si,Ti)金属间化合物复合涂层、涂层和基体呈良好的冶金结合,涂层宏观质量完好,无裂纹和气孔等缺陷.涂层组织由γ Ni、Ni3(Si,Ti)、Ni5Si2和TiC组成.涂层的显微硬度可达HV780,是基材显微硬度的2.5倍.     

钢表面激光熔覆铁/镍基合金熔覆层的组织与性能研究

针对提高20Cr13不锈钢的表面性能,采用激光熔覆技术在基体表面制备M2铁基和Ni60A镍基合金熔覆层;通过使用光学显微镜、显微硬度计以及电化学工作站对两种熔覆层进行金相组织、显微硬度和电化学腐蚀性能差异性研究;结果表明:铁基、镍基熔覆层与基体结合界面均有明显的白亮带,无气孔、裂纹等缺陷;铁基涂层微观组织主要由等轴晶和胞状晶组成,镍基涂层微观组织主要由和树枝晶组成;铁基涂层的显微硬度为5417 HV,镍基涂层的显微硬度为5923 HV,约为基体显微硬度（2207 HV）的2~3倍;铁基、镍基涂层均与20Cr13钢基体表面形成了较好的冶金结合,二者表面硬度均有了有显著提升,在熔覆区采用Ni60A镍基材料时的显微硬度要比采用M2铁基材料时的显微硬度高,而在热影响区部位两者显微硬度相差不大;铁基涂层的自腐蚀电位（-021 V）略高于镍基涂层的自腐蚀电位（-023 V）,铁基涂层的耐腐蚀性优于镍基涂层。     

20Cr13钢表面激光熔覆铁/镍基合金熔覆层的组织与性能研究

针对提高20Cr13不锈钢的表面性能,采用激光熔覆技术在基体表面制备M2铁基和Ni60A镍基合金熔覆层;通过使用光学显微镜、显微硬度计以及电化学工作站对两种熔覆层进行金相组织、显微硬度和电化学腐蚀性能差异性研究;结果表明:铁基、镍基熔覆层与基体结合界面均有明显的白亮带,无气孔、裂纹等缺陷;铁基涂层微观组织主要由等轴晶和胞状晶组成,镍基涂层微观组织主要由和树枝晶组成;铁基涂层的显微硬度为541.7 HV,镍基涂层的显微硬度为592.3 HV,约为基体显微硬度(220.7 HV)的2～3倍;铁基、镍基涂层均与20Cr13钢基体表面形成了较好的冶金结合,二者表面硬度均有了有显著提升,在熔覆区采用Ni60A镍基材料时的显微硬度要比采用M2铁基材料时的显微硬度高,而在热影响区部位两者显微硬度相差不大;铁基涂层的自腐蚀电位(-0.21 V)略高于镍基涂层的自腐蚀电位(-0.23 V),铁基涂层的耐腐蚀性优于镍基涂层。     

等离子熔覆镍基合金的组织及其冲蚀磨损性能

为提高不锈钢材料的耐冲蚀磨损性能,以Ni46合金粉末为原料, 采用等离子熔覆工艺在不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti基材上制备镍基合金涂层,分析了熔覆层的显微组织以及物相形貌和相结构等,测定了涂层的显微硬度. 使用旋转圆盘实验机研究了Ni基等离子熔覆合金涂层在砂浆中的冲蚀行为. 结果表明: 材料的冲蚀磨损性能受到材料基本力学性能的限制,高硬度镍基涂层的抗冲蚀性能最好,在相同实验条件下其磨损率由小到大排列顺序为镍基涂层＞0Cr13Ni5Mo＞1Cr18Ni9Ti;镍合金层中奥氏体基体的固溶强化和硬质相有效抵御砂砾的冲击,是Ni基等离子熔覆合金层具有高抗冲蚀性能的主要原因.     

激光熔覆Ni-Si基复合涂层组织与性能

利用激光熔覆技术在Ni基高温合金表面制备(Ti,W)C陶瓷增强Ni-Si金属间化合物基复合涂层.通过SEM、XRD、EDS等方法研究涂层相及组织,并测量其显微硬度.结果表明,熔覆层与基体呈冶金结合,结合质量良好;熔覆层主要由Ni固溶体、Ni3(Si,Ti)金属间化合物和(Ti,W)C复相陶瓷组成;熔覆层组织均匀,硬度较高.     

氩弧熔敷原位自生WC复合涂层组织及耐磨性

为提高采煤机中截齿的耐磨性能,利用氩弧熔敷技术,在35CrMnSi钢表面制备WC增强Ni基复合涂层。利用OM、SEM、XRD和EDS分析复合涂层的显微组织,采用显微维氏硬度仪测试复合涂层的显微硬度,并测试涂层在室温磨损条件下的耐磨性能。结果表明：氩弧熔敷涂层组织均匀致密,熔敷涂层与基体呈冶金结合,主要由WC、W：C、T—Ni、（Fe,Cr）23,C6等物相组成;WC颗粒呈弥散分布,颗粒尺寸为1txm;熔敷涂层可以改善基体的表面硬度,最高显微硬度可达12．6GPa;熔敷涂层在室温冲击磨粒磨损实验条件下,具有优异的耐磨性,磨损机制主要是磨粒磨桶．其耐磨性较35CrMnSi基体提高近12倍。     

熔焊工艺对自熔合金涂层组织的影响

利用显微镜和X射线衍射仪对感应熔焊、火焰喷焊、等离子堆焊Ni基自熔合金涂层的金相组织、结合面形态、涂层微区成分及焊层合金化学成分进行了分析。研究结果表明，感应熔焊涂层与基体界面出现了白亮带，焊层底部形成了明显的针条状组织，并且涂层中部w（Fe）整体高于粉末本身；火焰喷焊层得到均匀一致的奥氏体和碳化物共晶析出物，涂层与基体也属于冶金结合，扩散熔合区w（Cr）和w（Ni）较感应熔焊涂层的有所降低；等离子堆焊层在快速冷凝过程中生成了树枝状结晶组织，焊层中的C、B、Si、Cr等元素烧损率以等离子堆焊最大，火焰喷焊重熔次之，感应熔焊最小；感应熔焊对基体与涂层界面处Fe原子的激活度最大。     

激光熔覆制备Fe-Si合金涂层显微组织分析

在碳钢表面预置3Fe/Si混合粉末和Fe3Si粉末,采用激光熔覆技术制备Fe3Si金属间化合物涂层.利用扫描电镜、光学显微镜、能谱分析仪和X射线仪对熔覆层组织进行分析,测试其显微硬度.结果发现,熔覆层与基体冶金结合良好,熔覆层组织主要由γ-Fe和Fe3Si金属间化合物组成.Fe3Si相的形态主要呈现为规则的多边形等轴晶和不规则的等轴晶.Fe3Si涂层组织比3Fe/Si涂层均匀细化,且硬度也比较高.     

铜板上激光熔覆制备Co-Ni-Cu梯度涂层

用10 kW CO2激光器,通过优化激光快速熔覆工艺参数,先在铜合金上制备镍基韧性过渡层,再在其表层采用同步送粉工艺,在上述镍基涂层表面制备了结合良好且组织细小致密、无缺陷的钴基合金涂层,成功制备了Co-Ni-Cu梯度涂层.铜基体-镍基过渡层-钴基工作层的成分、组织和热物理性能呈现梯度分布,使熔覆过程中的热应力被缓解,完全避免了裂纹的产生.M7C3和M23C6型碳化物及钴基固溶体的形成使钴基工作层显微硬度高达655 HV,是铜合金硬度(90 HV)的7.3倍,而且从铜合金基体至镍基过渡层再到钴基工作层,显微硬度也呈梯度平缓增大,因此涂层具有无裂纹、内韧外硬的特性.     

Wear and corrosion resistance of laser-cladded Fe-based composite coatings on AISI 4130 steel

The wear and corrosion resistance of Fe_72.2Cr_16.8Ni_7.3Mo_1.6Mn_0.7C_0.2Si_1.2 and Fe_77.3Cr_15.8Ni_3.9Mo_1.1Mn_0.5C_0.2Si_1.2 coatings laser-cladded on AISI 4130 steel were studied. The coatings possess excellent wear and corrosion resistance despite the absence of expensive yttrium, tungsten, and cobalt and very little molybdenum. The microstructure mainly consists of dendrites and eutectic phases, such as duplex (γ+α)-Fe and the Fe–Cr (Ni) solid solution, confirmed via energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. The cladded Fe-based coatings have lower coefficients of friction, and narrower and shallower wear tracks than the substrate without the cladding, and the main wear mechanism is mild abrasive wear. Electrochemical test results suggest that the soft Fe_72.2Cr_16.8Ni_7.3Mo_1.6Mn_0.7C_0.2Si_1.2 coating with high Cr and Ni concentrations has high passivation resistance, low corrosion current, and positive corrosion potential, providing a better protective barrier layer to the AISI 4130 steel against corrosion.     

原位生成TaB_2颗粒增强镍基复合涂层的组织与耐磨性

以Ta粉、B粉和Ni60A粉为原料,利用氩弧熔覆技术在Q235钢基体表面制备原位生成TaB_2颗粒以增强Ni基复合涂层。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计以及摩擦磨损试验机对复合涂层的显微组织、物相、显微硬度以及涂层耐磨性进行分析研究。结果表明,镍基复合涂层形成良好,没有气孔和裂纹等缺陷,涂层与基体呈现良好的冶金结合。熔覆层由原位生成的TaB_2颗粒相、Fe-Cr相及Cr_7C_3相组成。TaB_2颗粒弥散分布在基体上,氩弧熔覆涂层的平均显微硬度达到11.50 GPa,比基体Q235钢提高约4倍。在室温干滑动磨损条件下,该熔覆涂层的耐磨性比基体提高约12倍。     

Microstructure characteristics of Ni/WC composite cladding coatings

A multilayer tungsten carbide particle (WCp)-reinforced Ni-based alloy coating was fabricated on a steel substrate using vacuum cladding technology. The morphology, microstructure, and formation mechanism of the coating were studied and discussed in different zones. The microstructure morphology and phase composition were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In the results, the coating presents a dense and homogeneous microstructure with few pores and is free from cracks. The whole coating shows a multilayer structure, including composite, transition, fusion, and diffusion-affected layers. Metallurgical bonding was achieved between the coating and substrate because of the formation of the fusion and diffusion-affected layers. The Ni-based alloy is mainly composed of γ-Ni solid solution with finely dispersed Cr₇C₃/Cr₂₃C₆, CrB, and Ni+Ni₃Si. WC particles in the composite layer distribute evenly in areas among initial Ni-based alloying particles, forming a special three-dimensional reticular microstructure. The macrohardness of the coating is HRC 55, which is remarkably improved compared to that of the substrate. The microhardness increases gradually from the substrate to the composite zone, whereas the microhardness remains almost unchanged in the transition and composite zones.     

Wettability and pressureless infiltration mechanism in SiC-Cu systems

The wetting behavior of copper alloys on SiC substrates was studied by a sessile drop technique. The microstructure of SiC_p/Cu composites and the pressureless infiltration mechanism were analyzed. The results indicate that Ti and Cr are effective elements to improve the wettability, while Ni, Fe, and Al have minor influence on the improvement of wettability. Non-wetting to wetting transition occurs at 1210 and 1190℃ for Cu-3Al-3Ni-9Si and Cu-3Si-2Al-1Ti, respectively. All the copper alloys react with SiC at the interface forming a reaction layer except for Cu-3Al-3Ni-9Si. High Si content favors the suppression of interracial reaction. The infiltration mechanism during pressureless infiltration is attributed to the decomposition of SiC. The beneficial effect of Fe, Ni, and Al is to favor the dissolution of SiC. The real active element during pressureless infiltration is Si.     

堆焊Mo-Cr-Fe-B合金覆层的组织及性能研究

采用自制Mo-Cr-Fe-B系药芯焊丝通过堆焊法在Q235钢基体表面制备覆层。借助光学显微镜、SEM、XRD、EDS、显微硬度计、磨损试验机等对覆层及结合界面的组织结构、物相、硬度分布及耐磨性进行了表征与分析,并研究了覆层堆焊成型的反应过程。结果表明,覆层主要由Mo_2FeB_2、M_3B_2(M:Mo、Cr、Fe)、Fe_2B、Fe(Cr、Mo)等相组成,覆层与钢基体结合良好,在覆层-钢基体界面结合处有元素的扩散,覆层硬度最高可达980HV0.5且耐磨性良好。     

铁基金属玻璃涂层在无铅钎料中的耐腐蚀性及机理

选用Fe基非晶合金粉末(含有Cr、Mo、Ni、P、B、Si),采用等离子喷涂方法在Q235基体上制备了金属玻璃涂层.在自行设计的腐蚀实验装置中将Q235钢、1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢和覆有Fe基金属玻璃涂层的Q235钢浸入450,℃的高温液态无铅钎料Sn-3.5,Ag-0.5,Cu中进行腐蚀,利用扫描电子显微镜微观分析了腐蚀后的微观形貌及腐蚀产物.研究结果表明:相同实验条件下,Q235钢和1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面均腐蚀严重,断面微观组织分为钎料层、腐蚀层和基体层.其中Q235钢的腐蚀剧烈,腐蚀层成分为FeSn2;1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢腐蚀较严重,腐蚀层成分为(Fe,Cr)Sn2.Q235基体表面的Fe基金属玻璃涂层腐蚀前后断面微观形貌变化不大,没有出现明显的腐蚀分层,表现出了非常好的耐高温无铅钎料腐蚀的能力.     

Bonding characteristics of the Al2O3-metal composite coating fabricated onto carbon steel by combustion synthesis

The fabrication of an alumina-metal composite coating onto a carbon steel substrate by using a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis technique was demonstrated. The effects of the type and thickness of the pre-coated layer on the binding structure and surface quality of the coating were systematically investigated. The macrostructure, phase composition, and bonding interface between the coating and the substrate were investigated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The diffraction patterns indicated that the coating essentially consisted of α-Al₂O₃, Fe(Cr), and FeO·Al₂O₃. With an increase in the thickness of the pre-coated working layer, the coating became more smooth and compact. The transition layer played an important role in enhancing the binding between the coating and the substrate. When the pre-coated working layer was 10 mm and the pre-coated transition layer was 1 mm, a compact structure and metallurgical bonding with the substrate were obtained. Thermal shock test results indicated that the ceramic coating exhibited good thermal shock resistance when the sample was rapidly quenched from 800°C to room temperature by plunging into water.     

感应重熔对高速轧机轴承热喷涂层微观组织性能的影响

为了改善高速轧机轴承热喷涂层的微观组织性能,采用感应重熔技术对GCr15轴承钢表面预制备的高能火焰喷涂Ni60A涂层进行感应重熔处理,并利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计对感应重熔前后涂层的孔隙率、微观组织、显微硬度等进行对比研究,探讨感应重熔对涂层以及界面微观组织、显微硬度的影响。结果表明,高能火焰喷涂镍基涂层的孔隙率高达5.09%,且表面孔洞缺陷较多,涂层与基体结合的界面处存在较明显的界面裂纹和孔隙缺陷,呈现典型的机械结合,界面结合特性较差;而经感应重熔后其涂层组织致密,孔隙率仅为0.27%,涂层缺陷明显减少,与基体结合的界面处呈现出强冶金融合特性,且涂层中硬质相数量显著增多,涂层及界面的显微硬度均得到较大提升。因此,感应重熔技术可改善涂层的表面组织性能,在高速轧机轴承表面强化方面有一定的应用价值。