幂律流体在定向井偏心环空内流动规律的研究

本文对定向井环室内幂律流体流动规律进行了理论分析和实验研究,建立了定向井环空流动物理模型,导出了幂律流体轴向定常层流流动的流场分布、流量和压耗模式,并对其变化规律分别作了详细分析。设计安装了定向井环空模拟实验架,对幂律流体在模拟环室内轴向层流流场和流动压耗进行了测量,并对流态变化规律、紊流压耗及内管旋转对幂律流体流动的影响作了探索性的试验研究。     

Sisko流变模型的钻井水力计算方法与分析评价

Sisko流变模式能够准确地描述钻井液流变性,基于广义流性指数给出了该模式水力计算模型。根据RabinowitshMooney方程给出了其管流流量方程,同时基于槽流模型给出了其同心环空流量表达式。根据管流特性参数,引入Reed与Pilehvari定义的管流有效管径,将其扩展应用到环空,定义了适用于该流体的新环空广义流性指数及有效管径。通过有效管径将Sisko流体管内、环空流动与牛顿流体管流流动相关联。通过理论推导给出了广义雷诺数表达式,该式不以广义流性指数是常数为前提,进而给出了流态判别模型,建立了统一的压耗计算模型,得到了适用于该模型的水力计算方法。通过与多组已公开发表的实验数据对比,运用该方法计算的压耗与实测数据吻合很好;说明运用此模型能够很好地预测非牛顿流体管内及环空流动压耗。     

深水钻井隔水管段大尺寸环空压耗数值模拟

深水钻井过程中海水段隔水管环空中的水力学特性与常规井有较大差别。运用理论分析的方法对海洋深水钻井隔水管段大尺寸环空中的压力损失进行了研究,分析了环空泥浆返速、钻杆旋转速度、钻井液性能和环空尺寸等对压耗的影响,并与常规井眼环空压耗进行了对比。研究结果表明:在大尺寸环空中,对于幂律流体,在层流状态下环空压耗随钻杆转速的增加而减小;随着环空尺寸的增大,环空压耗急剧降低;随钻井液流变指数和稠度系数的增加,环空压耗呈指数增大和线性增大。本文可为研究隔水管环空螺旋流携岩规律提供帮助。     

DL-1型堵漏实验装置的研制设计

DL-1型堵漏实验装置用对岩芯施加围压、驱压和回压来模拟井壁所受到的挤压和静压差作用,用平板缝隙流动模拟井眼环空的流动状态,使钻井液对岩芯端面和对井壁的剪切应力相同,从而使实验条件与井下环境极其相似。文中阐述了该装置的设计思路、设计要求和方案,介绍了主要结构设计。该装置应用于长庆油田堵漏项目的研究中取得了较好的实验研究效果。     

连续管钻小井眼水平井水力学分析

水力学分析是连续管钻井的重要内容。建立了连续管钻水平井水力学计算方法并对其规律进行了分析,结果表明:连续管弯曲会增加压耗,增加幅度随排量增加而增大。推荐现场采用50.8 mm和60.3 mm直径的连续油管进行钻井。从控制环空压耗(ECD)角度考虑,建议连续管钻井设计时应使连续管外径与井径比小于0.5;偏心使环空压耗减小,环空尺寸越小,偏心的影响越明显。岩屑床使环空压耗梯度增加,岩屑床高度越大,增加幅度越大。常规钻井时随测深增加,泵压逐渐增加,而连续管钻进时泵压基本保持不变,甚至在某些情况下还会略有减小。     

小井眼钻井环空压耗计算与分析

环空水力学是小井眼钻井的关键技术,通过对钻井水力参数的分析和研究,结合小井眼钻井的实际情况,采用合适的流变模式来描述小间隙环空中的流动规律．并应用非牛顿流体力学的基本原理建立偏心环空螺旋流模型,对小井眼情况下的环空压耗进行了计算,进一步对小井眼环空中的压力损失进行了研究．所选择的模型层流时为偏心环空螺旋流模型,紊流时为考虑广义雷诺数、范宁摩阻系数、水力直径的模型．分别运用当量直径和水力直径,层流时通过迭代、积分,紊流时通过修正系数进行了求解,并与实验和现场数据相比较,经验证,此模型基本上满足现场需要．结果表明：①在小井眼钻井中,环空中的压力损失远大于常规井;②钻杆偏心及高转速对环空压耗的影响很明显;③在窄的环空间隙,需要建立准确的环空压耗模型来调整泥浆密度及钻井液的流变性能．     

水平井水平井段环空压耗模式的建立

在考虑了环空中岩屑颗粒同时存在推移质和悬移质运动的情况下，利用能量平衡方程，建立了水平井段环空压降的理论模式，在大量实验基础上，得到了环空压耗的经验模式．利用现场两口水平井资料对经验模式进行了验证．结果表明，该模式可用于大斜度井段和水平井段环空压耗的预测，并为水平井水力参数设计提供了理论基础．     

水平井水平井段环空压耗模式的建立

在考虑了环空中岩屑颗粒同时存在推移质和悬移质运动的情况下，利用能量平衡方程，建立了水平井段环空压降的理论模式。在大量实验基础上，得到了环空压耗的经验模式。利用现场两口水平井资料对经验模式进行了验证。结果表明，该模式可用于大斜度井段和水平井段环空压耗的预测，井为水平井水力参数设计提供了理论基础。     

大产液量水平气井不同气举方式气液两相流研究

连续气举是产水量大的水平气井重要排采措施,针对现场正举和反举的特点,为揭示气田开发过程中反举条件下油管和正举条件下油套环空内的气液两相流流动规律,分别用水和空气在套管内径为127.3mm、油管外径为73mm的油套环空和内径为60mm的油管内进行了井筒气液两相管流模拟实验,对低压积液气井气举时井筒流动规律进行了研究分析,分析了井筒中气相和液相的体积流量、注气方式等因素对井筒压降和持液率的影响。实验结果表明,在相同气、液流量条件下,反举时的持液率比正举持液率小;不同气举方式下的井筒压降随注气量的增加呈不同的变化趋势,反举时的井筒压降比同工况下正举的压降大,对于产液量较大且有一定地层能量的气井,推荐采用反举方式进行气井排水采气。     

存在扶正器条件下三元复合溶液环空流动实验与模型研究

基于自主研制的全尺寸井筒复杂流动实验模拟装置,考虑存在扶正器条件下的水平井三元复合驱非牛顿流体井筒流动的复杂特性,开展了抽油杆扶正器对三元复合溶液水平环空流动特性影响的实验研究。结果表明,当管路存在扶正器时,流动压降显著增大,且其随流量仍呈近似指数规律增加。运用非牛顿流体力学理论,结合水力当量长度的概念和实测压降数据,建立了存在扶正器条件下的三元复合溶液非牛顿流体水平同心环空流动的压降预测模型。采用VB.NET对模型进行了编程求解,其平均绝对百分误差在10%以内,性能良好且简单实用。研究成果为后续的存在扶正器条件下的三元复合溶液和原油两相环空流动压降模型的建立及扶正器的优化设计奠定了重要基础。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.