新型气溶性射流喷嘴设计与数值模拟

针对传统高压水射流清洗耗水量大,能耗和运营费用高、清洗后的废液需要处理才能达到环保要求的缺陷,提出了新型射流清洗方式—气溶性射流.对新型气溶性射流喷嘴进行了结构设计,得到了喷嘴混合室直径、喉部直径、出口直径、收缩段长度以及扩张段长度等关键参数,并对新型喷嘴内外气液二相流场进行了深入计算与分析.结果表明,气液二相流雾滴在喷嘴轴线上速率随气流入口压力增大而增大,在喷嘴喉部速率变化率最大,在喷嘴出口处速率达到最大;当扩散角为10°时,射流扩散较慢,内部扰动和摩擦损失较小;当收缩角为30°时,气液二相流流动性较好,能量损失较小;粒径较小雾滴沿轴线方向速率变化较大,当喷射距离为35mm时,气液二相流雾滴速率达到最大值.     

基于数值模拟的高压磨料射流喷嘴流场分析及结构优化

为得到高压磨料射流喷嘴内部水流和磨料颗粒运动分布的最佳特性,本文基于二相流理论,利用数值模拟方法研究了高压喷嘴内部混合水相的速度及湍流强度分布,重点分析了磨料入口位置对喷嘴出口处磨料颗粒收束性及喷嘴内壁面磨损状况的影响,并提出了减轻壁面磨损的改进措施。结果表明,距喷嘴中心轴线距离越远,喷嘴内部混合水相的湍流强度越低,但由于磨料入口处存在旋涡,混合水相速度则随之先降低后升高。随着磨料入口位置越靠近高压水入口,出口处磨料的收束性呈现先变好后变差的趋势,磨料颗粒则会大量聚集于磨料入口与上壁面交界处,造成喷嘴内壁磨损,此时可通过在后壁面和上下壁面使用圆角过渡来改善射流流向,进而减少聚集处磨料颗粒的体积分数。     

基于Fluent的射流喷嘴结构设计与优化

合理地选择射流喷嘴参数,实现天然气水合物的固态硫化开采,是促进天然气水合物商业化采掘的关键因素之一.利用Fluent软件建立不同结构参数的单喷嘴流场湍流模型,仿真分析了5种不同结构尺寸的喷嘴对水合物射流破碎的影响,并通过正交试验对单喷嘴结构参数进行优化.仿真结果表明:喷嘴出口处带有扩散角时有利于利用水射流的能量,达到良好的射流破碎效果;最优的喷嘴结构参数为,入口直径D=2.0mm,过渡段直径d0=0.8mm,过渡段长度l=4mm,收缩角α1=24°,扩散角α2=10°.     

过冷度对喷嘴效率影响的测试研究

为研究流体过冷度对喷嘴工作性能的影响,研制了两相流体混合速度的测试装置.基于动量定理,测定两相流体的质量流量和冲击力,从而得到质量平均的流体混合速度.利用R410A制冷系统实验台,实验研究了制冷剂过冷度对喷嘴出口流体混合速度及喷嘴能量转化效率的影响.实验表明:随着入口制冷剂过冷度的提高,喷嘴的通过质量流量逐渐增加;同时,制冷剂过冷度的提高使喷嘴出口流体混合速度及喷嘴转化效率明显下降;在实验工况下,喷嘴进口为饱和制冷剂时,2#喷嘴出口制冷剂混合速度达到了94.1 m/s,喷嘴转化效率为64.1%;当制冷剂过冷度由饱和状态增至11℃时,2#喷嘴出口流体的混合速度降低35.7%,喷嘴转化效率降低33.9%.     

锥型喷嘴组合射流特性试验研究

对锥型喷嘴组合射流特性进行了实验研究。组合喷嘴射流由初始段、基本段、过渡段和均匀混合段四部分组成。在射流的初始段中,每个喷嘴射流都存在等速核区。在基本段中,每个喷嘴射流的速度分布均有相似性,但其规律彼此不同,文中给出了各自的数学表达式。在过渡段中,各射流之间相互干扰、掺混十分显著,速度分布无相似性。在均匀混合段中,各射流混合的结果变为单一射流,又出现了相似性,本文也给出了其速度分布规律的数学表达式。研究得到的一些规律对进一步研究复杂射流和石油钻井工程中的喷射钻井机理有重要作用。     

水力喷射压裂中环空水力封隔全尺寸实验

多级水力喷射压裂技术依靠水力封隔实现层段间隔离。通过地面全尺寸实验,提出从环空压力变化的角度评估水力封隔效率。实验中对喷射速度、围压、喷嘴直径和射孔入口直径以及环空注液对水力封隔效率的影响进行测试。实验结果表明:射流速度和围压是影响环空压力降低的两个主要因素,环空压力降低的幅度与射流速度呈线性增长关系,与围压呈指数递减关系;水力封隔效率与射流动能和孔道入口直径的比值成正比,可通过增大喷嘴直径和减小孔道入口直径的方法提高水力封隔能力;环空注液降低水力封隔效率。     

有机工质透平膨胀机喷嘴的响应面分析优化

为了提高有机工质膨胀机的性能,建立了喷嘴型线优化设计平台,并以喷嘴叶片损失系数为性能指标、以喷嘴型线5个控制点的距离参数为设计变量进行了有机透平膨胀机喷嘴的试验设计。采用响应面方法分析了叶片损失系数随型线控制点的变化,揭示了叶片损失系数对喷嘴型线变化的敏感性。研究结果表明:叶片压力面后段、叶片压力面中部、叶片吸力面后段均存在最佳型线,使喷嘴的叶片损失系数较小;在喷嘴的设计过程中,减小喷嘴前段和中段的厚度,可以有效降低喷嘴损失系数;叶片吸力面中段型线的改变对叶片损失系数的影响较大,叶片压力面中段型线的变化对喷嘴损失系数的影响最小。相对于原型喷嘴,采用最优喷嘴型线后叶片损失系数下降了10%。该研究不仅获得了使叶片损失系数较小的喷嘴型线,还能揭示影响喷嘴性能指标的关键因素。     

淹没条件下长圆喷嘴流场数值模拟

为了提高径向水平井扩孔效率,将长圆喷嘴引入磨料射流扩孔技术,建立射流流场的流动控制方程,结合Real-izable k-ε模型对方程组进行求解,并将结果与锥形喷嘴射流结果进行对比。结果表明:长圆喷嘴射流具有一定的扩散性,且短轴剖面上的扩散角比长轴剖面上大;喷嘴内射流速度及出口速度随长宽比增大而减小,随出口直径增加而增加;在喷嘴入口速度和出口直径相同的情况下,长圆喷嘴出口速度小于锥形喷嘴;无因次喷距大于11.3时,长圆喷嘴外射流轴线速度大于锥形喷嘴的;射流出口断面宽度随喷距增大而增大,在相同条件下长圆喷嘴扩孔宽度大于锥形喷嘴,且射流具有自模性;数值计算结果与磨料射流扩孔试验结果基本吻合。     

淹没条件下长圆喷嘴流场数值模拟

为了提高径向水平井扩孔效率,将长圆喷嘴引入磨料射流扩孔技术,建立射流流场的流动控制方程,结合Realizable k-ε模型对方程组进行求解,并将结果与锥形喷嘴射流结果进行对比.结果表明:长圆喷嘴射流具有一定的扩散性,且短轴剖面上的扩散角比长轴剖面上大;喷嘴内射流速度及出口速度随长宽比增大而减小,随出口直径增加而增加;在喷嘴入口速度和出口直径相同的情况下,长圆喷嘴出口速度小于锥形喷嘴;无因次喷距大于11.3时,长圆喷嘴外射流轴线速度大于锥形喷嘴的;射流出口断面宽度随喷距增大而增大,在相同条件下长圆喷嘴扩孔宽度大于锥形喷嘴,且射流具有自模性;数值计算结果与磨料射流扩孔试验结果基本吻合.     

旋转射流流线分析及旋流强度的计算

为了研究旋转射流的流动特性以及喷嘴和叶轮的几何形状对旋转流体旋流强度的影响,对旋转射流的流动及旋流强度进行了理论分析及计算。结果表明,在理想情况下,旋转射流的流线为一条对数螺旋线。为了使水力损失最小,导向叶轮的外形应与其流线相一致,旋流强度的大小取决于喷嘴的各个参数及叶轮的几何形状。同时利用五孔探针对不同旋流强度的喷嘴进行了轴向速度、切向速度的实测试验。试验结果表明,在旋转射流的主体段,轴向速度剖面呈现出“Ｍ”形分布特点,切向速度剖面呈现“Ｎ”形分布特点。旋流强度越大,旋转射流轴向速度越小,切向速度越大。旋转射流的能量随旋流强度的增加,衰减加快,射程变短。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.