电晕放电自由基注入提高烟气脱硫效率的研究

为提高脉冲电晕放电烟气脱硫效率,利用脉冲电晕放电脱硫反应器,采用自由基注入技术,研究氨气和水蒸气对电极放电特性的影响,以及氨、羟基自由基注入和一氧化氮存在对脉冲电晕放电烟气脱硫效率的影响.实验结果表明,氨气注入时,电晕电流略有增加,水蒸气注入时,电晕电流降低.采用电晕放电氨、羟基自由基注入系统,能耗增加约0.36 W·h/m3,但可提高脉冲电晕放电烟气脱硫效率约14%,总脱硫效率达到90%;NO将促进SO2的热化学反应脱除,烟气中注入体积分数为125×10-6NO,二氧化硫脱除率可提高约15%,能耗小于2.4 W·h/m3时,SO2脱除率大于90%.     

流化活性碳纤维脱除烟气中的SO2

应用流化状态下的聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维(PAN-ACF)对模拟的工业烟气中的SO2进行吸附脱除实验,通过改变烟气流量、烟气温度、烟气中水蒸气的体积分数及SO2的质量浓度、ACF的循环比及新加入ACF的质量流量,研究了流化状态下ACF脱除SO2效率的影响因素与变化规律.结果表明:PAN-ACF具有良好的脱硫性能,其脱硫效率随着烟气流量的增大、烟气温度的升高和SO2质量浓度的增高而降低,随着烟气中水蒸气体积分数的增高先增高后降低,随着ACF循环比与新加入ACF的质量流量的增大而增高.     

近绝热饱和温度对聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维脱除烟气中SO_2的影响

聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维(PAN-ACF)是一种较新型的碳材料.应用聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维对模拟烟气中SO2进行了吸附脱除实验,分别考察了烟气温度和烟气中水蒸气体积分数改变烟气的近绝热饱和温度对PAN-ACF脱除烟气中SO2效率的影响.实验结果表明,PAN--ACF具有良好的脱硫性能,近绝热饱和温度是影响其脱硫效率的重要因素.随着近绝热饱和温度的逐渐增大,PAN-ACF的脱硫效率呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势.通过改变烟气温度和改变水蒸气体积分数来改变烟气的近绝热饱和温度时,在相同的近绝热饱和温度条件下,PAN-ACF的脱硫效率是不同的,且脱硫效率随近绝热饱和温度改变而变化的趋势也不同.     

脉冲电晕放电多种污染物协同脱除的研究

脉冲电晕放电电凝并结合直流收尘不仅能够有效提高对亚微米颗粒的捕集效率,而且对烟气中其他污染物也有脱除效果.通过小型试验平台的大量实验,研究了脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率、停留时间和初始粉尘浓度对燃煤飞灰中亚微米颗粒脱除效率的影响;脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率、烟气速度和水蒸气体积分数对SO2,NO,HgO的氧化效率的影响.结果表明:PM1,SO2,NO和HgO的协同脱除效率可以分别达到90%,97%,50%和50%以上.通过小型试验台的成功经验,进而设计并建立了中试试验平台.     

活性焦烟气脱硫脱硝的静态实验和工艺参数选择

在自制活性焦烟气脱硫脱硝静态实验系统上,考察了温度、空速、二氧化硫浓度、氧气浓度、水蒸气浓度、NO浓度、氨氮体积比等工艺参数对活性焦脱硫脱硝性能的影响,探索了使活性焦脱硫脱硝效率达到较优的工艺参数.结果表明:温度在120～180℃范围内时,温度越低越有利于活性焦的脱硫性能,而温度为130℃时,脱硝效果较好;空速在小于1000/h时,随着空速的增大,活性焦的吸附性能显著增加,继续增大空速,活性焦相对质量的增加明显降低;烟气中sO2浓度小于2 L/m3时,活性焦对SO2的吸附量有明显增大的趋势,但so2浓度继续增大时,超过了活性焦的饱和吸附量,吸附性能下降;氧气、水蒸气体积分数含量均为6%时,大大促进了活性焦对So2的吸附性能,含量过高或过低都不能达到最佳效果,而氧气浓度、NO浓度对脱硝性能影响不大.通过实验得到的较优脱硫工艺参数值为反应温度120℃、空速1000/h、SO2体积比2L/m3、O2体积分数6%、H2O体积分数6%时,脱硫效率高达98%;脱硝工艺参数值为温度130℃、空速1000/h、02体积分数6%、NO体积分数500mL/m3、(4)NH3/(4)No=1时,脱硝效率为70%.     

等离子体氧化NO耦合湿式氨法同时脱硫脱硝试验研究

为提高燃煤烟气同时脱硫脱硝工艺中的脱硝效率,将等离子体氧化技术应用到湿式氨法脱硫工艺中,建立了等离子体氧化NO耦合湿式氨法的脱硫脱硝试验装置.考察了液气比、氨水浓度、烟气流量、烟气温度、NO初始浓度、SO2初始浓度等工艺参数对同时脱硫脱硝性能的影响.试验结果表明:提高液气比、增加氨水浓度、减少烟气流量、降低烟气温度、减小NO和SO2初始浓度都可以提高脱硝效率,而试验范围内工艺参数对脱硫效率的影响几乎可以忽略;当液气比为10 L/m3、氨水浓度为4 mol/L、烟气流量为10 m3/h、烟气温度为85℃、NO初始浓度为3.5×10-4、SO2初始浓度为1.0×10-3时,该试验装置的脱硫效率和脱硝效率分别为99.6%和69.4%.     

·OH对窄间隙气体放电烟气脱硫效果的影响

采用窄间隙强电场电离气体放电,将O2,H2O等气体分子电离加工成高浓度的强氧化羟基自由基(.OH),进而在等离子体反应器中直接将模拟烟气中的SO2氧化脱除,反应产生的H2SO4采用电集雾器回收.脱硫过程中不使用催化剂,不加吸收剂,是一种具有应用前景的脱硫新方法.主要对放电功率、氧的体积分数以及水的体积分数对.OH和SO2脱除率的影响进行了实验研究,结果表明:模拟烟气总流量为0.1 m3/h,氧的体积分数为21%,水的体积分数为1.38%,SO2初始体积分数为0.08%时,SO2脱除率为78%.随着放电功率及O2,H2O体积分数的增加,SO2脱除率有明显提高.     

钴络合物体系同时脱硫脱硝实验研究

烟气同时脱硫脱硝中,NO脱除是其关键问题,乙二胺合钴具有高效催化氧化NO的能力,但Co2(SO3)3沉淀的生成导致脱硝效率降低,实验在乙二胺合钴溶液中加入尿素,使吸收后SO2高效氧化,生成易溶于水的Co2(SO4)3,以保证长时间高的NO脱除效率和高的SO2吸收氧化效率。实验表明:乙二胺合钴溶液中加入尿素,可保证吸收后SO2氧化效率接近100%,NO脱除效率在95%以上;正交实验表明:吸收液pH值对SO2的吸收效率影响最大,其次为吸收液温度和尿素浓度;烟气中氧气含量对SO2的氧化效率影响最显著,其次是吸收液温度和尿素浓度。     

旋转喷雾塔Ca（OH）2/NaClO2联合脱硫脱硝数值模拟

针对开发低温烟气联合脱硫脱硝技术的需求,采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法,建立了旋转喷雾塔气固流动与脱硫脱硝反应耦合的三维数理模型.气相场采用k-ε湍流模型,SO2,NOx的吸收采用双膜理论模型.以2个180 m2烧结烟气的旋转喷雾塔为模拟对象,采用Ca(OH)2/NaClO2浆液作为吸收剂,考察了NaClO2/Ca(OH)2摩尔比、烟气流速、烟气温度、SO2和NO的浓度等对烟气二氧化硫和氮氧化物脱除效率的影响.研究结果表明:随着溶液中NaClO2/Ca(OH)2摩尔比的增加,氮氧化物的脱除效率显著提高,二氧化硫的脱除效率无明显变化;随烟气流速、温度的增大,二氧化硫以及氮氧化物脱除效率均有所降低;氮氧化物的脱除效率随SO2浓度的增大无显著变化,而二氧化硫的脱除效率明显降低;随NO浓度的增加,氮氧化物脱除效率明显降低,二氧化硫脱除效率无显著变化.     

燃煤烟气在13X分子筛上的吸附行为与热力学分析

采用静态容积法测定SO2,NO,CO2,N2和O2在13X分子筛上的吸附等温线,通过Langmuir,Sips和Toth等温方程进行拟合。研究结果表明:Sips具有较好的拟合效果。在烟气温度为75℃下,SO2,NO,CO2,N2和O2的饱和吸附量分别为:65,49,869,154和105μmol/g。由等量吸附热的计算表明:吸附热均随吸附量的升高而增大,SO2,NO,CO2,N2和O2的最大吸附热分别为:-9.35,-12.93,-31.96,-29.38和-25.09 kJ/mol。运用负载比关联模型预测5种气体的竞争吸附行为发现:多组分竞争吸附导致SO2,NO和CO2吸附量降为单组分气体吸附量的一半。在常压吸附真空解吸下可实现SO2,NO和CO2富集的体积分数为8.3%,2.9%和51.0%。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.