松材线虫携带细菌的鉴定和毒性研究

从松材线虫病致死的松材木质部和松材线虫体表分离到3个出现频率较高的细菌菌株，菌株Nji、Njt和Njw。经鉴定3种细菌分别为荧光假单胞菌I型（Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype I)荧光假单胞菌Ⅱ型（Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype Ⅱ）和泛菌属某种（Pantoea sp.)。用牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基振荡培养细菌，培养液直接处理黑松愈伤组织，测定各细菌的产毒能力。与对照（空白培养液）相比，3种细菌的培养原液都可对黑松愈伤组织产生明显影响，其中菌株Nih和菌株Njt可以在2d内使愈伤组织明显变色，菌株Njw处理变色较慢。表明菌株Nij和Njt培养液内有大量致萎毒性物质存在。     

利用愈伤组织验证细菌分离物B619与松材线虫病的关系

用细菌分离物B619、无菌松材线虫以及它们的混合物接种黑松愈伤组织,发现无菌线虫或B619单独接种的黑松愈伤组织表现为轻微褐变;二混合接种的黑松愈伤组织严重褐变、萎缩、表现高度感病;而二得混合接种的预先用抗菌素处理的愈伤组织发病较轻。这些结果与接种黑松幼苗的结果相似,再次证明了松材线虫病是一种由松材线虫和细菌共同侵染引起的复合侵染病害。在愈伤组织中单独接种B619,接种后其数量逐渐下降,而在愈伤组织中混合接种,B619繁殖很快,其数量呈上升趋势,表明在愈伤组织内松材线虫的存在有利于B619的繁殖。     

松材线虫携带细菌数量的测定及无菌松材线虫的培养

对来源于自然条件和常规培养条件下的松材线虫携带的细菌数量进行了测定 ,并采用黑松愈伤组织对松材线虫进行了纯培养。结果表明 ,自然感病的黑松病组织中的松材线虫携带活细菌的数量平均为 2 .9× 10 2 个 条 ,灰葡萄孢菌丝上培养的松材线虫携带活细菌的数量平均为 3.0× 10 3 个 条 ;来源于自然感病的黑松和马尾松上的松材线虫 ,经无菌处理后 ,在黑松愈伤组织上生长良好 ,用 3g新鲜愈伤组织培养 9d ,虫口数量可达 10万余条。     

细菌分离物B619与松材线虫病关系的初步研究

在无菌条件下,用从松材线虫虫体上分离到的细菌分离物Ｂ６１９、无菌线虫以及它们的混合物对无菌黑松苗进行了接种试验。结果发现,用无菌线虫或细菌分离物Ｂ６１９接种的无菌苗不发病,而把二混合后接种则使无菌苗发生萎蔫。这表明松材线虫携带的细菌与松材线虫的致病性有关,二在致病性上极可能存在着协同作用关系。因此,可以把松材线虫病看作是线虫和细菌共同侵梁引起的复合侵染病害。     

俄罗斯拟松材线虫的致病性

调查表明在俄罗斯目前尚未发现松材线虫的分布,但是有松材线虫的近缘种拟松材线虫的分布。在温室中利用从俄罗斯远东地区天然病死树上分离到拟松材线虫BmRFE,其分离物的接种实验表明,BmRFE分离物可使5年生Pinus koraiensis和Larix olgensis全部死亡,而70 %的P.sylvestris和P.densiflora可存活下来。室外试验的结果表明,用3种拟松材线虫分离物接种黑松,1 a之后只有BmRFE接种的2年生黑松中的线虫存活下来。在第2次试验的南方利用B.mucronatus(BmKOMY)和法国拟松材线虫分离物(BmFr),及两者杂交种分离物接种4年生P.sylvestris,结果表明接种后1 a几乎所有分离物均存活下来了,但是只有接种BmFr的松树表现出病害症状。病状的严重程度与拟松材线虫携带的致病细菌的毒性有关。毒性生测证明拟松材线虫BmRFE分离物携带了致病性最强的细菌。     

不同致病力线虫侵染后黑松的水势和根系活力的变化

分别用强、弱致病力松材线虫虫株和无致病力拟松材线虫虫株接种2年生黑松,观测接种后不同时间段黑松茎段水势和根系活力变化情况。结果表明：接种强、弱致病性松材线虫虫株后,在未表现出明显症状时,黑松水势都有一个降低然后回升的过程,但当树体内线虫开始大量繁殖、外部表现萎蔫症状时,黑松水势发生不可逆转的急速降低,松树死亡,强致病性松材线虫虫株比弱致病性松材线虫虫株导致黑松茎水势丧失速度快。接种无致病力拟松材线虫后,开始黑松水势下降,然后缓慢回升接近正常水势,随着线虫的死亡,树体水势恢复正常。接种3种线虫虫株后,黑松根系活力随着线虫的侵入都有一个升高的过程,接种强、弱致病力松材线虫虫株后,黑松出现萎蔫时,根系活力虽然有所下降,但仍然保持较好的根系活力,直到松树干枯后根系活力才丧失,这与干旱胁迫下,植物首先丧失根系活力然后表现萎蔫不同;接种无致病力拟松材线虫后,随着拟松材线虫在黑松体内的死亡,黑松的根系活力在升高后逐渐恢复正常。     

松材线虫体表物质与其携带细菌的关系

松萎蔫病是由松材线虫与其所携带的细菌复合侵染所引起。为进一步明确松材线虫与其携带细菌的关系,笔者用无菌线虫体表浸泡物处理细菌,再将无菌线虫各虫株与细菌共培养,结果表明细菌的存在可促进线虫的繁殖,线虫体表浸泡物质可促进细菌繁殖,无菌线虫与细菌共培养后线虫繁殖数量较无菌线虫单独培养有明显增加,说明松材线虫与其体表细菌的关系为一种互惠关系。此外还设计了无菌线虫对细菌的趋向性试验,考察线虫与自身体表所携带细菌之间的趋向性是否具有特异性,结果表明所有无菌线虫对成团泛菌具有明显的趋向性,各无菌松材线虫对于分离自各自体表的细菌菌株没有特异的趋向性。     

松材线虫体内细菌对宿主繁殖和致病力的影响

为探讨松材线虫体内细菌在松材线虫病中的作用,对无菌松材线虫、体内细菌处理的松材线虫和野生型松材线虫的繁殖量和致病力进行了测定。结果表明:在非寄生条件下,无菌松材线虫的产卵量、卵孵化率和繁殖量显著高于携带细菌的松材线虫; 松材线虫体内寄生菌嗜麦芽窄食单孢菌NSPmBx03胞外代谢产物对松材线虫产卵量具有一定抑制作用。不同处理的松材线虫接种到3年生马尾松后,其繁殖量从高到低为野生型松材线虫>体内细菌处理的松材线虫>无菌松材线虫。对马尾松发病情况观察发现:接种野生型松材线虫的马尾松发病最早,病程最短; 次之为接种体内细菌处理的松材线虫; 最后是接种无菌松材线虫的处理。这表明嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌NSPmBx03对松材线虫在寄生和非寄生条件下繁殖的影响不同,对松材线虫致病力有一定增强作用。     

中日两国的松材线虫对雪松的致病力差异

分别用日本和中国南京来源的松材线虫在室外苗圃地接种3年生雪松和黑松,发现源自两地的松材线虫对黑松都具有很强的致病力,但对雪松致病力差异较大.日本来源的松材线虫可致70%雪松枯死,而中国来源的松材线虫对雪松致病力很弱;同时发现松材线虫在所接种黑松中的存活繁殖数量远大于在雪松中的数量.此外笔者对雪松感染松材线虫后发病的症状进行了描述.     

人工培养条件下松格线虫提取物的毒性研究

将来源于黑松、马尾松的松材线虫分别用单异活体法和无异活体法人工培养后，以不同方法和不同溶剂对培养物进行提取，并用粗提浓缩液对３０ｄ以上生的黑松和马尾松幼苗做生物测定。结果表明，在人工培养条件下松材线虫无致萎毒素产生。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.