转炉煤气制备碳化铁的基础研究

根据热力学分析结果，在550～700℃范围内选择相应条件进行转炉煤气还原铁矿石的实验，研究温度及时间对碳化铁生成率的影响，并论述二者对于还原、析碳的影响，探索利用转炉煤气还原铁矿石生产碳化铁的可行性。     

气体种类对煤制气制备碳化铁的影响

主要研究了以煤制气为还原剂制备碳化铁过程中气体种类对还原度、金属化率、碳化铁率的影响.研究结果表明:CO+CO2混合气体还原铁矿石可以生成碳化铁,随CO/CO2比值的增加碳化铁率也增加;还原气体中氢气的含量在10%～20 %范围为宜.     

气体种类对煤制气制备碳化铁的影响

主要研究了以煤制气为还原剂制备碳化铁过程中气体种类对还原度，金属化率，碳化铁率的影响，研究结果表明：CO＋CO2混合气体还原铁矿石可以生成碳化铁，随CO／CO2比值的增加碳化铁率也增加，还原气体中氢气的含量在10％－20％范围为宜。     

Fe_3C生成机理及物相分析

在热力学计算的基础上,探讨了铁矿石在流化床内还原生产Fe3C的生成机理和途径·结果表明,700℃时铁氧化物还原符合逐级还原理论,碳化铁由生成的铁经CO渗碳得到;反应温度介于586℃和628℃之间,碳化铁主要由反应产生的FeO与CO反应得到,另一部分碳化铁由矿石中还原出的金属铁与CO反应得到;温度低于586℃时,产物中的碳化铁主要由Fe3O4与CO反应得到,产物中磁铁矿含量较高·同时利用穆斯堡尔谱和X衍射分析手段验证了产物中碳化铁的存在,所有这些研究成果为Fe3C的工业化生产提供理论基础·     

炉顶煤气循环氧气高炉一维气固换热与反应动力学模型

结合风口回旋区燃烧和炉外煤气预热、脱除和循环的平衡关系,建立了氧气高炉一维气固换热与反应动力学模型,并采用传统高炉的运行和解剖数据对模型进行了验证分析.通过模型研究了氧气含量和上部循环煤气流量对氧气高炉炉内过程变量的影响规律.结果表明：氧气含量偏低和上部循环煤气流量不足时,会降低铁矿石还原效果,炉渣内出现大量未还原铁氧化物;氧气含量和上部循环煤气流量的提高可以有效提高炉内CO含量和铁矿石还原速度,但提高上部循环煤气流量会大幅提升炉顶煤气温度,增大热量损失.与传统高炉相比,氧气高炉内CO含量提高1.0~1.5倍,炉内气体还原性更强;铁矿石还原完成位置提高1.49 m,全炉还原反应速度更快;直接还原度降低55.2%~79.2%,炉内直接还原反应消耗的碳量更少.     

重点钢铁厂铁矿石还原及焦炭气化的藕合反应

通过在模拟高炉温度和煤气成分变化的条下,对我国重点钢铁厂铁矿石还原及焦炭气化的藕合反应研究,阐明了焦炭气化与铁矿石还原与反应历程有关。分析预测高炉冶炼效果除考虑恒定温度和恒定煤气成分下焦炭与铁矿石冶金性能外,还应考虑焦炭与铁矿石藕合反应过程CO过剩量。研究表明宝钢、首钢、本钢、鞍钢CO过剩系数ηc较小,煤气利用好;包钢、重钢和梅山冶金公司ηco较大,煤气利用较差。     

温度对煤造气制备碳化铁的影响

研究了以煤造气为还原剂制备碳化铁过程中温度对还原度、金属化率、碳化铁率的影响,实验条件为压力0.3 MPa、反应时间180 min、还原气体中CO/CO2分别为3和1.5,反应温度在550～700℃之间变化.通过实验研究得到如下结论:产物的还原度、金属化率随温度的升高而逐渐增大;碳化铁率在600℃时最小;在气体成分达到一定还原势(CO/CO2=3)的条件下,700℃时碳化铁率最高;而在CO/CO2=1.5时,高温下不利于碳化铁的生成.     

铁矿石在回转窑和固定床中还原速度式的推导与分析

导出并分析了铁矿石在回转窑和固定床中的还原速度式,确定了加快还原速度的条件,并提出提高煤气利用率的措施。     

温度对煤造气制备碳化铁的影响

研究了以煤造气为还原剂制备碳化铁过程中温度对还原度、金属化率、碳化铁率的影响，实验条件为压力0.3MPa、反应时间180min、还原气体中CO／CO2分别为3和1.5，反应温度在550－700℃之间变化。通过实验研究得到如下结论：产物的还原度、金属化率随温度的升高而逐渐增大；碳化铁率在600℃时最小；在气体成分达到一定还原势（CO/CO2=3)的条件下，700℃时碳化铁率最高；而在CO／CO2=1.5时，高温下不利于碳化铁的生成。     

矿粉粒度及反应温度对高磷鲕状赤铁矿制备碳化铁的影响

为探索利用高磷鲕状赤铁矿作为炼钢原料的新途径,在CH4-H2气氛下对高磷鲕状赤铁矿制备碳化铁进行了实验研究,探讨了矿粉粒度对还原和碳化的影响。采用热重法、SEM-EDS和XRD分别对实验中试样还原失重过程、高磷鲕状赤铁矿矿相和碳化产物进行了分析。实验得到120~160目粒度矿粉的反应活化能最低,还原反应活化能为44.95kJ/mol,碳化阶段表观活化能为9.71kJ/mol。从反应速率的角度,利用高磷鲕状赤铁矿制备碳化铁的最佳温度为1 023K,矿粉的最佳粒度为120~160目,总体来讲,温度比矿粉粒度对高磷鲕状赤铁矿制备碳化铁反应速率的影响大。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.