基于多尺度网格的点云自适应坡度滤波算法

文章针对基于坡度滤波算法在地形复杂地区中难以合理设置滤波阈值的问题,提出了一种基于多尺度网格的点云自适应坡度滤波的算法。首先在构建的多尺度的虚拟网格内选取最优点作为初始地面种子点,计算网格的点云空间占比并划分网格语义属性,然后利用地形计算因子求得每个网格的坡度分类阈值,再按网格尺度由大到小的方式对整体点云进行坡度滤波,得出真实的地面点云数据。文中采用了多种地形的光探测和测距(Light Detection and Ranging,LiDAR)(简称"激光雷达")数据来验证该算法,结果表明,该算法能够有效去除地面上的植被、建筑物等地物点,保留真实的地面点云数据。该算法重点解决了在伴随地形变化时坡度滤波阈值的计算和自适应设置问题,以及在地形变化剧烈的边缘地带过度滤波的问题。     

适用于林区机载LiDAR点云的多分辨率层次插值滤波方法

针对现有机载激光雷达点云滤波算法在林区适用性不强的问题,提出一种基于多分辨率层次插值的林区LiDAR滤波方法。该方法首先借助形态学迭代开运算和稳健z-score方法获取大量地面种子点;然后从低层到高层滤波过程中,通过薄板样条函数构造地面参考面,并借助自适应坡度阈值选择地面点;最后将分类出的地面点更新地面参考面,层层迭代直至滤波结果收敛。以ISPRS提供的6组山区基准数据为研究对象,将新方法滤波结果与近5年提出的10种滤波算法比较表明:新方法滤波结果精度最高,平均总误差和Kappa系数分别为1.89%和87.88%。在实例分析中,以6个不同林区点云数据为研究对象,将新方法与形态滤波算法(MF)和渐近不规则三角网加密滤波算法(PTD)比较表明:新方法平均总误差为6.82%,而MF和PTD平均总误差分别为9.21%和8.49%;且前者获取的DEM精度优于后两种方法。     

泥石流沟谷地形的机载激光雷达点云滤波算法对比

为探究不同滤波算法对泥石流沟谷复杂地形机载激光雷达点云数据处理的普适性,选取昆明市东川区大白泥河沟作为研究区,采用改进的渐进加密三角网滤波(IPTDF)、布料模拟滤波(CSF)、基于坡度的滤波(SBF)3种常用滤波算法对研究区内的15个样本机载激光雷达点云数据进行滤波试验,结合国际摄影测量和遥感学会提出的交叉表评价体系对滤波的结果进行量化分析,探究坡度、植被覆盖度两类因素与滤波精度之间的关系.结果表明,当地形平坦、坡度较小时(样本1、 2、6、 7、 10), IPTDF、 SBF和CSF算法的平均总误差分别为8.73%、 8.81%、 8.90%,数值上十分接近, 3种算法都能达到分类地面点的目的,当地形复杂,坡度较大时(样本5、 8、 9、 12、 14), IPTDF、 SBF和CSF算法的平均总误差分别为13.4%、 36.4%、 30.2%, CSF与SBF算法在地形复杂的陡壁区域精度较低, IPTDF算法平均总误差远低于其他两种算法,能够很好地适应泥石流沟谷的复杂地形地貌特征;研究区内坡度和植被覆盖度呈显著正相关,坡度和植被覆盖度对CSF和SBF的误差影响较为明显,各算法Ⅰ...     

长江中下游河道岸滩低空机载LiDAR点云地形滤波算法

探索新兴的低空机载Li DAR技术,解决长江中下游植被高覆盖、高遮挡区岸滩地形测绘难题。提出一种针对多层次、高密度植被覆盖区的低空机载Li DAR点云植被滤波算法,该算法通过多回波分析对点云进行粗滤波后,采用数学形态学运算获取地面种子点,对地形局部进行趋势面拟合,再通过随机采样一致性检测,剔除植被点,保留地面点,从而获取测区的数字高程模型(DEM)。典型测区试验表明,该滤波算法能解决长江中下游河道岸滩地区地形起伏较大、植被高覆盖区域植被点云智能化剥离难题。根据测区实际情况,设计针对性的滤波算法,即使是植被与地面点云高度混淆、激光穿透率低于15%的复杂情形,仍能有效分离出地面和非地面点。     

基于曲率统计的LiDAR点云二次滤波方法

针对传统偏度平衡方法滤波结果中存在低矮植被、建筑物侧面墙脚等非地面点云问题,在传统偏度平衡方法的点云一次滤波算法的基础上,提出一种基于曲率统计的点云二次滤波方法。对该方法进行试验,并将试验结果与传统偏度平衡方法滤波结果进行对比分析。结果表明:基于曲率统计的点云二次滤波方法比传统偏度平衡法能够多滤除83%的植被点云、5%的建筑物点云,能够有效地滤除传统偏度平衡方法滤波结果中的低矮植被、建筑物侧面墙脚等非地面点云。     

基于倾斜影像颜色信息的建筑物点云提取

针对建筑物点云提取不完整问题,笔者采用一种组合方法从影像密集匹配获得的多视图像(MVS)点云中提取建筑物点云。首先运用布料模拟滤波(CSF)算法进行地面点滤波,去除MVS点云中的地面点;然后根据MVS点云的颜色信息,利用过绿指数(EXG)和植被密集成块特性将植被点云剔除;最后使用密度聚类从剩余的点云中分割出建筑物点云。结果表明采用该方法提取建筑物点云的正确性为98.06%,完整性为98.20%,质量为96.34%。相较于使用单波段阈值分割剔除植被点的组合方法,该方法在建筑物完整性和质量上提升超过26%。     

K-邻域法对不同形态植被点云数据特征的提取

以三维激光扫描仪获取的点云数据为数据源,在分类裁剪得到不同自然地物的点云数据基础上,介绍了利用K-邻域法对不规则的自然地物点云数据进行邻域检索,通过设定尺度参数k的值对高矮不同的植被进行特征点的提取算法。通过实验对提取后的结果进行比较分析。结果表明:尺度参数的设置对点云密度较大的低矮植被效果明显,对于密度相对稀疏的高植被影响不大,参数k设置在3~5之间效果显著。     

基于林地激光点云的树木胸径自动提取方法

提出了一种基于随机RANSAC模型的树木胸径自动提取算法。首先,采用布料模拟滤波（CSF）算法对林地点云数据进行滤波,获取树木、地面数据与数字地面模型（DEM）并提取树木胸径处点云,然后进行欧式距离聚类,最后基于随机random sample consensus（RANSAC）模型拟合树木模型,实现自动化的树木胸径提取。使用上海市青浦区某区域两林区样地的地面激光点云数据对该算法进行验证,与实际人工测量树木胸径的平均偏差分别为0.79cm和0.52cm。实验对比结果表明,该算法在精度与时间性能上均优于基于Hough变换的算法与基于最小二乘的算法。     

基于RANSAC模型的机载LiDAR数据中建筑轮廓提取算法

使用正交多项式分带滤波方法对机载LiDAR点云数据进行滤波处理,通过迭代不断剔除非地面高点数据,最终得到由贴近地面的数据拟合而成的正交多项式.通过设定高程阈值将数据分成地面部分与非地面部分.提出了一种基于随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)算法模型的建筑物面片识别和轮廓提取算法,实现在包含噪声的点云数据中快速准确地识别和提取建筑物轮廓.在实验中对长春市的机载LiDAR数据进行了滤波、建筑屋顶面及其轮廓的提取,验证了本文算法的较高效率和精度.     

基于机载LiDAR属性信息检测离群点云

无人机载LiDAR是一种新型遥感技术,可快速获取高密度、高精度的地物点云数据,随着获取精度越高,点云数据量越大。为减少参与点云滤波处理的数据量,提高滤波速度,本文结合点云回波次数、高度和点云回波强度三种属性信息,采用箱形图检验方法获取非地面点云,并使用反复建立三角网方法分别对处理前后的点云数据进行对比分析。结果表明:针对截取的试验区点云数据,可去除多次回波对应的噪声点云363个,得到第1次和第2次回波分别占点云总数的98.49%和1.49%;高度和强度离群的点云共占点云总数的1.46%。通过对点云进行滤波前期的处理,可降低滤波时间32.2s,且保留地面点云2551个。本文研究利用箱形图检测点云属性获取离群值,可提高点云处理速度和降低地面点云漏分的现象,为后期直接利用统计方法对点云属性信息分析和实现快速处理海量点云提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.