试验区碳卫星载荷航空校飞综合试验方案设计

为了充分了解全球碳循环过程及其对气候的影响,并对CO_2排放状况提供数据支撑,扩大我国在国际气候变化方面的话语权,国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)支持开展了"全球二氧化碳监测科学实验卫星与应用示范"项目的研究,卫星搭载了高光谱与高空间分辨率CO_2探测仪(以下简称CO_2探测仪)与云与气溶胶探测仪(以下简称CAPI探测仪),它们的监测数据将用于精确反演全球大气CO_2含量,为全球大气环境变化、温室气体探测、光化学过程、气候变迁等方面的研究与业务的需求发展提供技术依据。CO_2探测仪作为我国首台温室气体遥感监测仪器,研制难度极大,亟需通过航空校飞试验完善载荷发射前的试验环,对载荷功能和性能进行有效评估,以进一步降低卫星发射后的运行风险。此外通过航空校飞获取的对地观测数据还将为CO_2浓度反演算法的开发与验证提供较为理想的模拟数据集,对卫星发射前数据应用技术体系的贯通和卫星发射后的航空伴飞验证具有极大助益,同时为我国机载温室气体探测积累了宝贵前期经验。课题利用我国正在研制的碳卫星载荷,CO_2探测仪和CAPI探测仪,通过适应性改造,搭载在航空飞行平台上进行2个试验区的航空校飞综合试验及其地基同步综合观测试验,验证CO_2探测仪载荷对CO_2探测的功能及部分性能指标;同时为大气CO_2浓度反演算法提供试验数据,并综合地基观测等手段对校飞反演数据进行精度检验,为卫星发射后尽快发挥效益奠定技术基础。     

地热温室采暖系统的设计计算

地热温室是采用地热为热源供热的一种温室,通过调查研究设计了一套地热温室的采暖系统.此采暖系统的最大优点是节约能源,运行费用小.     

大气中甲烷和氧化亚氮排放量与有机成分和无机成分的关系

农用肥料中有机成分和无机成分的应用对温室气体的排放量起着重要作用,为了研究农用肥料中有机成分和无机成分的应用对温室气体的排放量不良影响,试验采用静态箱方法研究有机和无机肥料施用方式对温室气体排放量影响.试验分3个处理:1)不施肥(CK);2)施尿素无机肥;3)施牛粪有机肥,共设置9个小区.结果表明:施肥后,肥料施用处理的土壤CH_4、N_2O累积排放量较不施肥处理显著提高(P0.05),施用有机肥较施用无机肥土壤CH_4、N_2O累积排放量提高.     

长效及普通碳铵在土壤中的渗透转化特性

碳铵肥料施入土壤后的渗透转化特性是决定以碳铵为载体实现土壤中CO_2固定的重要基础;采用土柱淋溶模拟试验,对比研究施用长效碳铵、普通碳铵后HCO_3~-、CO_3~(2-)在土壤中的渗透转化特性,结果表明施用长效碳铵HCO_3~-、CO_3~(2-)在土壤中的含量、贮存时间以及渗透距离均明显高于相应的普通碳铵;由此可推测以长效碳铵为载体固碳性能优于普通碳铵。     

地热温室采暖系统的设计计算

地热温室是采用地热为热源供热的一种温室，通过调查研究设计了一套地热温室的采暖系统，此采暖系统的最大优点是节约能源，运行费用小。     

施用不同形态的氮肥对温室一串红生长发育的影响

本试验研究了 Ｎ Ｈ４－ Ｎ、 Ｎ Ｏ３－ Ｎ、尿素及其不同比例对温室内一串红幼苗生长发育的影响。通过二年的试验表明，施用 Ｎ Ｈ４－ Ｎ 可促进秋冬季一串红幼苗的生长，可提早开花。施用尿素的一串红的幼苗在秋冬季生长不良，但在春季生长良好。本试验研究了各处理对一串红叶片中可溶性糖含量，叶绿素含量、光合强度及多种矿质元素含量的影响     

南宁市南湖湿地秋季水-气界面温室气体(CO_2/CH_4)通量及其影响因子

城市湿地是湿地生态系统碳循环的重要组成部分,研究城市湿地温室气体(CO_2/CH_4)排放特征及其影响因素对区域的碳平衡估算以及控制温室气体排放具有重要的意义。于2019年11月到2020年1月(秋季)利用密闭箱-气相色谱法对南湖湿地水气界面(CO_2/CH_4)通量进行了观测,结果表明,南湖秋季水-气界面CO_2平均通量为-184.73±400.14 mg CO_2/m~2·h,整体为大气CO_2的汇,南湖秋季水-气界面CH_4平均通量为0.96±2.2 mg CH_4/m~2·h,整体为大气CH_4的源。水体溶解性无机碳是影响南湖秋季水气界面CO_2通量最重要的影响因子,溶解性总磷是影响南湖秋季水气界面CH_4通量最重要的影响因子,南湖湿地秋季固定249.96t CO_2当量的含碳温室气体。     

CO_2根外施肥对番茄甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶活性的影响

作物增施CO_2后产量有显著增加,已早有报寻(2)。利用农业措施《新AP型塑料大棚》栽培6613品种番茄,苗期及定植后,每天8—10时施用气体CO_2,持续30天,幼苗鲜重增加87—230％;干重增加115—225％;根系增加84％;叶面积增加96—226％;产量可增加10—40％。增加大棚内的CO_2浓度,可增加番茄叶片中碳水化合物,特别是增加淀粉的含量。在大气中生长的叶片,淀粉含量只有1.8％,而生长在增施CO_2大棚内的番茄,叶片淀粉含量可达12.5％。葡萄糖与蔗糖含量,施用CO_2的比不施用的增加一倍。     

基于TDLAS直接吸收的CO_2浓度监测技术研究

二氧化碳(CO_2)作为最主要的温室气体,能够引发许多气候变化和生态环境问题,因此需要监测大气环境中CO_2的浓度。根据可调谐半导体激光吸收原理,采用直接吸收的方法,在室温下扫描DFB激光器波长,得到CO_2在2 002nm附近的吸收光谱。同时根据Lambert-Beer定律反演出CO_2浓度,为了验证反演精度,选用LGR温室气体分析仪进行对比,两组数据绝对误差在2.5ppm左右,相关系数为0.986 4。长时间对比测量结果的绝对误差在9.8ppm左右,相关系数为0.933。TDLAS测量结果与LGR一致性较好,系统较稳定能够满足实验要求。该研究为仪器的小型化和室内CO_2的长时间测量提供了基础。     

基于红外高光谱探测器的大气CO2反演通道选择

红外高光谱探测器(HIRAS)搭载于2017年11月15日发射的FY-3D卫星上,其探测范围覆盖15μm及4.3μm波段的CO_2强吸收带,可用于反演CO_2大气柱浓度,且可以与其他温室气体传感器数据比较印证,有助于组成全球CO_2的监测星座.选择对CO_2变化敏感而受其他参数干扰最小的波段,是卫星走向实用阶段前最重要的研究任务之一.本研究首先取HIRAS光谱分辨率较高的15μm波段作为研究对象,利用逐线积分辐射传输模式,模拟了5种标准大气模式下卫星接收的大气出射辐射,分析了CO_2与H_2O、O_3、地表温度和地表发射率等其他影响参数的敏感性;然后基于最优敏感性廓线选择的方法,以信噪比、CO_2的响应和雅克比廓线为依据,选出了不同地区、不同季节背景下5组通道,并讨论了不同大气层结下通道特征的差异;最后假设在不同的仪器噪声下进行选择试验,指出了仪器噪声越低,越有助于选出CO_2敏感高度在平流层的通道.通道选择的结果及特性亦可为未来同类仪器的设计提供参考.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the