季铵盐聚砜/聚乙烯醇/单宁酸复合水凝胶的制备及性能

以聚砜为原料, 通过氯甲基化反应制备高取代度的氯甲基化聚砜, 与三甲胺溶液反应后经透析、 冷冻干燥得到具有抑菌性且溶于水的季铵盐聚砜. 季铵盐聚砜与聚乙烯醇水溶液互溶后, 采用γ射线辐射交联的方法, 无需添加交联剂即可得到季铵盐聚砜/聚乙烯醇水凝胶, 解决了聚砜类水凝胶中有机溶剂和其他辅助试剂残留的问题, 同时还使水凝胶具有抑菌性能, 可用于制备医用伤口敷料.      

分步溶胶-凝胶法制备核壳型玻璃珠/聚砜微球

玻璃珠/聚砜核壳型微球可用于分离过程中的吸附介质和催化剂的载体.基于相转化原理,提出了向聚砜的二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶液中先加入乙醚再加入水的分步溶胶-凝胶法,制备出了核壳型玻璃珠/聚砜微球.通过扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱和X光电子能谱检测表明形成了单分散性良好、聚砜膜厚度为几μm的核壳型微球,且聚砜薄膜的表面致密.该制备方法的聚砜利用率高于80%,玻璃珠的利用率接近100%.乙醚加入量对微球性质影响较小,但其与DMF溶液的体积比要求大于4.5.实验结果表明,分步溶胶-凝胶过程是一种高效制备玻璃珠/聚砜核壳型微球的方法.     

不同单体比例及封端剂对聚砜合成与性能的影响

以不同比例4,4'-二氯二苯砜(DCS)、双酚A为单体,以碳酸钾为成盐剂,以N,N'-二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂合成了一系列聚砜;在等摩尔双酚A和DCS比例、相同条件反应后分别加入4-氟二苯甲酮和氯甲烷作为封端剂对聚砜进行封端,并研究其对聚合物性能的影响。通过傅立叶红外光谱验证了聚砜的结构与分子设计相符。对所制样品分别进行了特性粘度、分子量及其分布、力学性能、热性能和加工性能测试。结果表明聚砜的分子量分布随DCS的增加而变宽,且其分子量呈降低的趋势;封端剂的引入对聚砜树脂的分子量没有显著影响,但对其热加工性能有一定的改善。此外,聚砜的玻璃化转变温度随着DCS比例的增加呈下降的趋势,不同DCS比例及封端剂对聚砜的力学性能和热稳定性能影响较小。     

双酚A聚砜—对苯二酚聚砜的嵌段共聚体的合成与鉴定

研究了双酚A聚砜—对苯二酚聚砜(BisA-PSF-HQ-PSF)嵌段共聚体的合成、鉴定和性能。由氯端基聚砜与对苯二酚、4,4′-二氯二苯砜在过量的碳酸钾存在下进行缩合反应可以制得嵌段共聚物。由溶解度试验、比浓粘度,动态力学谱图证明产物是嵌段共聚物而不是均聚物的混合物。嵌段共聚物的粘度随着BisA-PSF用量的增加而下降。嵌段共聚物较聚砜均聚物有更好的耐溶剂性能。     

芳香含氯聚砜酰胺初生纤维微孔结构与性能的研究

本文借助于扫描电镜观察了芳香含氯聚砜酰胺纤维的微孔结构,并测定了纤维的吸湿率及强伸度。实验证明,芳香含氯聚砜酰胺初生纤维的微孔结构和性能,完全依赖于凝固浴组成和温度,喷丝头拉伸率及塑化拉伸倍数等成形条件,因而为纺制品质优良的芳香含氯聚砜酰胺纤维找到最佳的工艺条件。     

辉光放电空气等离子体改性聚砜膜的研究

为了研究空气中等离子体改性对聚砜(PSF)超滤膜性能的影响,通过辉光放电空气等离子体对聚砜膜进行表面改性,采用亲水接触角法评价了改性条件对聚砜膜表面性质的影响规律.采用牛血清蛋白溶液作为类蛋白污染物进行试验,评价了改性前后聚砜膜的渗透性、污染率、恢复率等性能.结果表明,聚砜膜表面经等离子体处理后,表面润湿性发生变化,在最佳表面改性条件(放电功率8W,放电时间30s)下,膜表面的水接触角从69°下降到20°.改性后的聚砜膜渗透性能提高,抗污染性能得到了明显改善.     

鲁奇炉焦油化学组成的研究

对鲁奇炉气化产生的焦油Ｌ和传统炼焦产生的高温焦油Ｇ，用溶剂萃取方法分离 成油、沥青烯和苯不溶物三种馏分；油馏分再用柱色层方法进一步分离成脂肪族、芳 香族和极性物三种亚馏分。用毛细色谱、色－质谱详细分析脂肪族和芳香族亚馏分， 定性、定量鉴定约１５０种化合物。用红外光谱分析油和沥青烯馏分，以及芳香族和 极性物亚馏分，明确了焦油Ｌ比焦油 Ｇ具有明显的脂肪－极性特征，其化学组成非 常复杂。     

微机在聚砜树脂缩聚终点控制中的应用

研究了聚砜树脂的缩聚终点控制模型。通过在缩聚过程中取样分析，利用微机进行数据处理，研究了缩合反应中反应温度及搅拌功率与树脂的比浓粘度的关系。该模型为聚砜砜生产的在线控制提供了依据，通过控制聚砜树脂的比浓粘度，可达到控制树脂相对分子质量，提高质量的目的。     

十一种芳香族化合物经厌氧降解成甲烷

在严格厌氧的条件下,11种简单芳香族木质素衍生物可生物降解成甲烷和二氧化碳.用改良的洪格特氏(Hungate)厌氧培养技术的血清瓶,对香草醛、香草酸、阿未酸、肉桂酸、苯甲酸、儿茶酚,原儿茶酸、苯酚、对羧基苯甲酸、丁香酸和丁香醛进行产甲烷的富集培养.实验表明,在特定的芳香族基质上驯化过的微生物群同时也能选择性地适应于其它一些选定的芳香族基质.对香草酸和阿未酸的碳平衡测定结果,表明芳香环发生断裂,从这些基质产生的甲烷的数量与化学计算值密切接近.此资料认为,这些芳香族化合物的有机碳半     

国产聚砜用于计量紫外辐射的研究

本文参照英国标准,对国产(P7301,大连)聚砜用于测量波长<330nm的紫外辐射计量的主要性能进行了测试,其结果与国际上通用的美国(P1700,UCC)聚砜相比具有很好的一致性,验证了国产聚砜用于计量波长<330nm的紫外辐射是可行的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…