基于MATLAB的苎麻新型生物酶脱胶工艺优化模型

通过三因子二次通用旋转组合实验设计,以温度、pH值、酶液浸渍时间等为主要因子,建立以精炼残胶率为单目标的苎麻新型生物酶脱胶工艺最优化数学模型,利用MATLAB软件对最优化工艺数学模型计算,得到酶脱胶的最优化工艺条件为：温度59.86℃,pH值8.62,时间4.31 h.在最优化工艺条件下,对脱胶处理后的精干麻的质量作对比分析,结果发现酶液对麻纤维韧皮的作用更加深入,胶质的去除更加彻底,残胶率降低,纤维支数提高,纤维制成率提高.     

Fenton试剂用于苎麻氧化脱胶的探究

利用Fenton试剂作为氧化剂对苎麻进行脱胶,制备分散的单纤维,探讨不同参数对脱胶效果的影响.通过正交试验的方法确定了最佳工艺,分别为pH值=4.0,FeSO_4·7H_2O质量分数为0.25%,H_2O_2质量分数为6%,温度为50℃.测试结果表明:Fenton氧化脱胶的精干麻纤维断裂强度比传统碱煮脱胶的稍低,但比碱性氧化脱胶的要高;所得纤维线密度与传统碱煮的相差不大,比碱性氧化脱胶的好;残胶率低于碱性氧化脱胶的,但比传统碱煮的稍高;纤维断裂伸长率、并丝率以及脱胶废液中的pH值、化学需氧量和色度等指标也优于传统碱煮脱胶和碱性氧化脱胶工艺.     

N,N-二甲基乙酰胺对苎麻纤维处理的研究

为降低苎麻纤维结晶度,改善其柔软性能,采用N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)对苎麻精干麻进行溶胀降晶处理,并研究了处理工艺对苎麻纤维的力学性能与柔软性能的影响.结果表明:随着DMAc质量分数的增加、处理时间的延长和处理温度的升高,苎麻纤维的断裂强度呈下降趋势,断裂伸长率和断裂回转数呈增大趋势,纤维变得柔软;DMAc质量分数为20%、处理时间为2h、温度为80℃为较佳工艺;较佳工艺下处理的苎麻纤维表面粗糙且有裂痕,纤维结晶度由80.73%降至70.36%;NaOH预处理可提高DMAc对苎麻纤维的处理效果,但NaOH质量分数宜控制在5%以内.     

苎麻脱胶煮练工艺数学模型的研究

本文以数学理论为依据,以电子计算机为辅助工具,利用四因子二次通用旋转组合设计试验计划,建立了苎麻脱胶煮练工艺的数学模型,首次定性定量地给出了精干麻质量随煮练工艺参数的改变而变化的规律,对于苎麻高效脱胶的研究和工业化生产都有一定的积极意义     

新技术、新设备、新产品

苎麻微生物脱胶技术是将含有30％的胶质苎麻的原麻,用少量脱胶菌种在平缓条件下对苎麻进行发酵脱胶,可将原麻中80％以上的胶质分解掉,使原麻软化,漂洗后单纤维分离。然后,采用少量化工原料,利用常规化学脱胶的部分设备,对细菌脱胶过的麻进行精炼和漂整,以获得满意的中、高档纺织要求的精干麻,其工艺过程如下: 原麻扎把——装笼——细菌脱胶——精炼——拷麻——漂酸洗——脱水——抖麻——渍油——脱水——抖麻——烘干分级。苎麻微生物脱胶的种菌是T66菌种,它由中国     

苎麻纤维环氧化合物改性研究

研制了6种不同结构的环氧化合物交联剂。对环氧化合物与苎麻纤维交联反应工艺进行了研究。改性苎麻纤维物理性能分析结果显示，交联剂质量分数、焙烘温度和时间均对苎麻纤维的改性效果有显著影响。当交联剂在3％～5％之间，焙烘温度130～140℃左右，焙烘时间3～5min左右，苎麻纤维回潮率、拉伸断裂强度及断裂伸长率有明显提高。     

大麻碱氧一浴一步法短流程脱胶漂白工艺参数的优化

大麻碱氧一浴脱胶漂白工艺流程短，去除木质素效果好。通过三因子二次通用旋转组合回归优化设计方法进行了大麻碱氧-浴脱胶漂白工艺探索，讨论了各工艺因素对精干麻残胶率、残余木质素量、精干麻强力和白度的影响，经过优化实验、计算与分析，得到了最优工艺参数。     

高支轻薄苎麻机织物的开发

提前收割的鲜苎麻经脱胶后所得精干麻支数高,残胶低,通过新型纺纱技术可纺成60公支以上的高支纱,进而开发出轻、薄、不刺痒的夏季服装面料.     

罗布麻纤维氧化还原体系脱胶预处理工艺

预处理是脱胶工艺的重要环节,为了进一步提高罗布麻的脱胶效果与制备纤维的可纺性能,对其脱胶预处理工艺进行研究.试验在罗布麻纤维的脱胶预处理过程中,逐次加入还原剂硫脲,氧化剂双氧水两种组分,讨论了2组分浓度配比、预处理温度、时间对胶质去除的影响,分析预处理前后纤维纵向形貌的变化,同时还测试了氧化还原预处理脱胶工艺对制备罗布麻纤维性能指标的影响.结果表明采用该氧化还原预处理脱胶工艺可提高罗布麻纤维的脱胶制取率、纤维长度、单纤维强力等性能指标,是一种有效的脱胶预处理方法.     

苎麻/棉牛仔布淀粉酶退浆工艺的研究

通过正交实验研究苎麻/棉牛仔布酶退浆工艺.探讨了淀粉酶的浓度、处理温度、pH值、处理时间等因素对退浆效果的影响.得出苎麻/棉牛仔布淀粉酶退浆的优化工艺,即淀粉酶浓度4g/L,温度60℃,时间75min,pH值7,JFC 1g/L.     

Influence on the Quality of Apocynum Venetum with Different Degumming Methods

The biochemical degumming and chemical degumming were employed to process apocynum venetum, and indices values for the residual gum content, fineness, strength of single fiber, average length, moisture regain and whiteness of degummed apocynum venetum fibers are evaluated with fuzzy mathematical method. The results obtained from this investigation show that the general index value of degummed apocynum venetum fibers with biochemical degumming （K1=0.626 09） is prior to that with chemical degumming （K2 =0.421 64）.     

Research on Pectase Secreted by Aspergillus Niger Degumming Kenaf Bast Fiber

In this paper, the aerobic metabolism mechanism of Aspergillus Niger （AS 3.3 50 ）, which is the most suitable bacteria for degumming kenaf fiber, is expounded, and macromolecular structure of pectin is also analyzed. The fracture position of the macromolecular chain of kenaf pectin and its outgrowth structure, affected by Endo-PG and Exo-PG are secreted by AS 3. 350 and explored in molecule scale. The optimal value of degumming parameters are fixed： temperature 34 - 36℃, time 48 - 50 h, pH 6.5 - 7.5. Compared with kenaf fibers obtained by natural method, the ones deguntmed by bio-enzymatic method possess of smoother surface, .better. Separation, less impairment and higher strength with. residual pectin percentage of 14.5 %.     

亚麻优化脱胶工艺对纤维性能的影响

在正交试验设计方法的基础上,采用一种新型的脱胶工艺对亚麻纤维进行脱胶,利用方差分析法对结果进行分析,通过SEM观察雨露沤麻和化学脱胶后亚麻纤维的纵向结构和形态．实验结果表明,NaOH用量对亚麻脱胶后分离度和束纤维强度影响最大,温度对亚麻柬纤维强度影响显著;亚麻脱胶的最优工艺参数为：氢氧化钠10g／L,时间90min,温度100℃;化学脱胶的亚麻胶质去除更彻底,在保证强度的前提下,分离度更大,有利于提高成纱质量．     

Research of Degumming Process, Microstructure and Properties of Mulberry Fiber

More and more novel nature fibers are used in textiles. The natural fibers include banana fiber, pineapple fiber and bamboo fiber etc. In this paper, as a kind of novel natural fiber, mulberry fiber is studied. The chemical component of mulberry bast is tested and analyzed. Meanwhile, the degumming method and process of mulberry bast are studied. Chemical degumming experiments to investigate the influence of alkali concentration, alkali boiling time and sodium phosphate tribasic ratio to material are conducted. Consequently, optimum parameters are obtained. The crystallinity of mulberry fiber is tested by using X-ray line, and the photos of scanning electron microscope （SEM） are observed. Testing results of the fiber properties （e. g. fineness, tenacity, length and elongation） show that mulberry fiber can be spun blend with cotton.     

The Application of Microwave Low Temperature Plasma in Pretreatment of Cotton Fabric

The effect of microwave low temperature plasma pretreatment on desizing and removing natural impurity of cellulose fiber was studied. The influencing factors of pretreatment such as treating power, gas pressures and time were discussed in detail and the final effect had been compared with that of traditional pretreating process of cotton fabric. The results showed that better capillary effect, strength, whiteness and dyeing K/S value could be given by means of microwave low temperature plasma treatment.     

2,3-环氧蒎烷的合成

先以45 wt%的工业H2O2为原料,制备过氧乙酸,然后以过氧乙酸作为环氧化剂,研究反应温度、时间、酸接受体用量、过氧乙酸/α-蒎烯质量比等工艺条件对2,3-环氧蒎烷含量的影响。研究结果表明,在最佳工艺条件下,反应收率可达到89.35%。     

过醋酸蒸煮脱除棉浆荧光的工艺研究

通过正交及单因素实验，初步探讨了过醋酸在棉浆蒸煮过程中脱除荧光的效果，并分析了原料预处理对制浆工艺的影响。优化工艺制得棉浆得率迭91％，ISO白度达87．76％，棉浆中荧光的脱除率达90％以上。     

Suitability of Nettle Fiber for Textile Production

IntroductionNettle is a perennial root herd plant of Urticaceaefamily . There are 16 species of Urtica growing in China and6 of them growing in the Northen and Southwesten Chineseprovinces of Xinjiang , Gansu,Sichuan and Shaanxi . Alsointhe Northeast of China nettle abounds as a wild naturalresource . The basts of many Urtica plants stems are rich infibers , which are snowwhite , soft and can be used as atextile materials . The natural harl goods have many specialcharacteristics ,for ins…     

The Application of Ultrasonic in the Refining of Waste Silk Material

The treatment effect of ultrasonic on waste silk material was studied in this paper. The results show that Ultrasonic can emulsify the pupal fat and accelerate the dissolving of sericin. For high pupal fat containing material, high temperature, high pH value and long time which may result in damage to silk fibre are not required and different levels of sericin can be kept according to requirement in ultrasonic refining. In addition, silk fibres are swollen and the breaking elongation of silk fibre is increased on prolonged ultrasonic treatment. But the breaking tenacity is damaged slightly.     

非织造纤维膜的离子分离特性研究

通过对离子水pH值及膜的性能测试，分析各种不同工艺、原料的非织造纤维膜在水的电离过程中所表现出的各自特性，及其对水中酸、碱离子的分离效果的影响，实验证明，非织造复合纤维膜具有良好的酸、碱离子分离性能。