钢轨电位分布模型及仿真

随着电力机车牵引电流不断增大,钢轨电位过高成为突出问题.本文通过建立直供方式下钢轨电位的分布参数模型,并用MATLAB进行仿真,得出了钢轨上电位和电流的分布情况.分析了主要参数对钢轨电位分布的影响;考虑机车本身的影响,引入了机车系数来修正钢轨电位峰值.最后给出了在通常情况下钢轨电位计算值和实际值的比较,验证了模型的正确性.     

AT供电方式综合接地系统的仿真研究

高速铁路列车运行速度高、行车密度大、牵引电流大,再加上采用整体道床,钢轨—大地泄露电阻大,导致钢轨电位急剧升高。过高的钢轨电位严重威胁人身和设备安全。为了解决钢轨电位升高问题,在设计牵引供电系统时提出了采用综合地线的措施。对高速铁路AT供电方式牵引回路进行建模,仿真分析了不同接地方案下,牵引网正常运行和短路故障时钢轨电位的分布规律与特征,以此分析综合地线系统对钢轨电位的钳制作用,并提出了适合我国高速铁路的综合接地系统。     

“直供方式交流电气化牵引电流对信号设备干扰测试及研究”通过部技术审查

通控系黄学跃、吴运熙等6人研究的“直供方式交流电气化牵引电流对信号设备干扰测试及研究”,8月19日通过铁道部技术审查.与会专家们认为:这项研究通过现场测试及理论分析,找出了直供电化区段牵引电流沿钢轨分配的规律,并据此推算出北同蒲线远期设计方案中万吨运行情况下,钢轨回流超过     

电气化铁道牵引回流分布的理论分析

弄清电气化铁道牵引电流沿钢轨的分布规律与特征，是进一步研究电化牵引对沿线通信信号等设备干扰的基础，同时也为现场铁路沿线扼流变压器容量配置提供参考数据。本文分析了我国现有的直供，ＡＴ，ＢＴ供电方式下沿线轨流分布的数学模型，通过不同的边界条件，确定其沿线钢轨回流的分布情况。     

基于YN_接线平衡变压器的电气化铁道电能质量综合治理系统

针对目前电气化铁道AT或直供系统中普遍存在的负序、谐波和功率因数低等电能质量问题,提出了一种基于YN_接线平衡变压器的电气化铁道电能质量综合治理系统.该系统充分挖掘了YN_型牵引变压器二次侧可带三相系统的潜能,在无需降压变压器的情况下,实现了三相全桥型有源功率调节系统和主牵引变压器的融合.给出了该系统的构成方式,分析了该系统补偿负序、谐波和无功的基本原理,提出了电流检测和控制方法.根据实际变电站参数和实测牵引负荷数据建立了该系统的仿真模型.仿真结果表明所提系统具有良好的负序、谐波和无功补偿性能.     

星形三角形接线牵引变压器的运行特性与数学模型

从磁势平衡方程、绕组接线方程、输出端口方程和电压传递方程出发，分析了星形三角形接线牵引变压器的运行特性．通过推得的数学表达式阐明了变压器绕组短路阻抗和中性点运行方式对其性能的影响．同时，给出了星形三角形接线牵引变压器的二次侧端口电压输出方程、两相等值电路和相坐标下的节点导纳矩阵，以便同三相电力系统和牵引网接口进行分析．     

城轨钢轨电位与杂散电流动态分布

城市轨道交通普遍存在钢轨电位与杂散电流异常升高现象,已严重影响城轨供电安全.为阐明城轨钢轨电位与杂散电流动态分布规律,基于城轨供电系统结构建立供电系统动态潮流计算模型,分析多列车、多变电所并列运行下系统潮流动态变化,根据系统节点潮流参数建立钢轨电位与杂散电流的动态分布计算方法,基于列车牵引计算及系统实际参数仿真分析了多列车动态运行下系统钢轨电位、杂散电流分布规律.研究结果表明:列车运行功率重合度对钢轨电位与杂散电流有较大影响,当列车再生功率与牵引功率耦合较大时,回流安全参数会显著升高.为实际系统中钢轨电位及杂散电流控制提供支撑.     

对牵引供电系统接触网保护回路的探讨

对电气化铁路AT、直供等不同制式牵引供电系统中保护回路进行分析,研究保护回路对铁路信号、供电系统等铁路行车相关设备的典型影响。对保护回路引起的红光带、网压过低、地网带电等典型故障现象进行深人分析．给出处理方法和预防措施。提出接触网设备保护回路属于牵引供电系统主导电回路的新观点。     

门式墩上高速铁路连续梁桥梁轨相互作用

采用非线性弹簧模拟梁轨接触,并用相关文献的试验数据对该模型进行了验证,在此基础上建立了考虑门式墩和桩基的高速铁路连续梁桥梁轨共同作用模型.以合福线上采用钢混组合门式墩结构的某连续梁桥为算例,比较了钢轨纵向力对不同下部结构的影响,探讨了纵向阻力模型、活载模式、梁柱节点刚度等因素对钢轨纵向力的影响.研究表明：门式墩梁柱节点刚度对轨道受力影响较小;采用门式墩支撑的连续梁桥的钢轨制动力将增大约22%,但其墩顶受力优于普通桥墩;当在风速较大的地区修建门式墩时,应考虑风荷载对钢轨纵向力的影响.     

区域似大地水准面精化及水利工程应用前景

为了从由GPS观测的高程信息中获得GPS观测点的正常高,利用某区域平均分辨率优于5.0′×5.0′的重力数据和GPS/水准数据,EGM96全球重力场模型以及该区域30″×30″数字高程模型并采用移去-恢复技术计算了该区域2.5′×2.5′分辨率似大地水准面模型.该模型内、外符合精度均优于0.060 m,与GPS观测数据相结合可以得到四等及四等以下几何水准精度要求的正常高,真正实现GPS技术在几何和物理意义上的三维定位功能.最后对似大地水准面在水利工程中的应用前景进行了展望,认为GPS平面与高程一体工程控制网为水利工程水准施测困难区域高程测量提供了新的途径.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.