聚乙烯醇侧链液晶的合成及表征

利用聚乙烯醇羟基的给质子能力和苯乙烯吡啶上的氮原子的受质子能力形成的氢,通过分子自组装合成了聚乙烯醇侧链液晶高分子,该物质是以聚乙烯醇为高分子的主链,以苯乙烯基吡啶液晶基元作为侧链的热致液晶,该侧链 晶高分子具有较低的相转变温度和较宽的液晶工范围,通过氢键连接液晶基元和聚合物主链相对减弱了聚合物与液晶基元之间的相互作用,更有利于两者的空间和极性效应的结合。     

第二种基元对聚硅氧烷类侧链液晶高分子热性能的影响

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热失重分析(TGA)，对含有两种基元的聚硅氧烷类液晶聚合物进行了研究，探讨了离子基元和第二种介晶基元对原有液晶聚合物热性能的影响。当离子基元引入聚硅氧烷链液晶聚合物上时所生成的液晶离聚物的T     

液晶聚苯胺及其衍生物

基于国内外最新研究文献 ,系统论述了新型液晶聚合物———液晶聚苯胺及其衍生物的合成及液晶性 ,并合理解释了它们的聚合物链伸展化、刚性化进而导致溶致或热致液晶性的原因 .指出对于乳液或水溶液化学氧化聚合制得的聚苯胺 ,大分子功能质子酸如樟脑磺酸、十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂是其获得溶致液晶性的唯一途径 .介晶基元邻位环取代聚苯胺是侧链型液晶聚合物 ,具有热致液晶性 .该液晶在 10T的外加磁场中沿磁场平行方向取向 ,有序度参数可达 0 .6 8.N -烷基磺酸取代聚苯胺实质上是自掺杂型聚苯胺 ,其水溶液在室温下显示溶致液晶性 ,具有类似近晶相的光学织构 .聚苯胺及其衍生物的液晶性主要来自于外掺杂或内掺杂后π电子的离域、对离子或侧链的拥挤效应 ,醌式链节的构象规整性也是维持液晶性的重要因素     

侧链液晶丙烯酸酯聚合物的合成与表征

合成了两种烯丙基封端的含酰亚胺基的致介晶性单体，并与甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚，制得了一系列含酰亚胺键的侧链液晶聚合物，应用ＦＴ－ＩＲ，ＧＰＣ，ＤＴＡ及热台偏光显微镜进行了表征。研究表明，随着致介晶性单体含量减少，其液晶特征从状织构向条状，丝状织构转变。     

一类具有光学活性胆甾液晶聚合物的合成与表征

介晶单体十一烯酸胆甾醇酯(M1)和非介晶手性单体十一烯酸薄荷醇酯(M2)通过接枝共聚引入聚甲基含氢硅氧烷(PMHS)中,制得系列侧链液晶聚合物P0～P8·通过傅立叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热失重分析(TGA)、偏光显微镜(POM)、X射线衍射分析(WAXD,SAXS)等手段对聚合物的结构、热致液晶性能及热性能进行了表征·聚合物P0～P8均为胆甾型热致液晶,具有较宽的介晶相范围,呈现出典型的胆甾液晶彩色Grandjean织构及油丝织构,但其液晶性能在非介晶的手性单体M2质量分数大于30%时开始变弱·聚合物都具有较高的热稳定...     

醚酯类热致液晶化合物的合成与表征

研究合成了３种含有不饱和健的醚类热致液晶化合物，通过改变柔性间隔链段的长度，初步探讨了软硬段长度对液晶化合物介晶相转变温度的影响。结果表明，分子中柔性链长度的改变不仅对液晶化合物的相转变温有直接影响，而且还能导致液晶化合物介晶相类型的变化。此我上，。分子的结构对称性愈好，相应的介晶相转变温度愈低。     

几种含不饱和健类热致液晶化合物的合成与表征

合成３种新型的含有不饱和端基的热致液晶化合物，该类化合物在８０℃左右，收结晶态直接转变为向列型介晶相，由向列型介晶相转变为各向同性液体的温度随液晶化合物的组成不同而不同。液晶分子的极性增加可提高液晶化合物由结晶相进入向列型介晶相的转变温度。     

几种含不饱和键类热致液晶化合物的合成与表征

合成３种新型的含有不饱和端基的热致液品化合物，该类化合物在８０℃左右，出结晶态直接转变为向列型介晶相，山向列型介晶相转变为各向同性液体的温度随液晶化合物的组成不同而不同。液晶分子的极性增加可提高液品化合物由结晶相进入向列型介晶相的转变温度。相对降低液晶分子的硬段长度，可使液晶化合物出向列型介晶相进入各向同性液体的转变温度升高，同时利用核磁共振（ＮＭＲ）．差热分析（ＤＳＣ），正交们光显微镜以及元素分析对液晶化合物的结构和性能进行了表征。     

含两种不同手性基元侧链液晶聚合物的合成与性能研究

合成了两种含不同手性基元的液晶单体,6-(4-乙氧基)苯甲酰氧基-6-(4-(4-(4-十一烯酰氧基)苯甲酰氧基)苯基)苯基氧羰基戊酰氧基六氢-[3,2-b]呋喃酯(M1),丙烯酸胆甾醇酯(M2)。将两种单体与含氢聚硅氧烷(PMHS)接枝聚合得到了一系列侧链液晶聚合物。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、偏光显微镜(POM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)等手段对单体及聚合物的液晶性能进行了表征。结果表明,所有的聚合物都具有很宽的介晶区间。对于以含M1为主的聚合物为近晶相,随着M2在聚合物中含量的增加,破坏了原有聚合物的规整结构,聚合物由近晶相转为胆甾相;同时聚合物的最大选择性反射波长也随之增加,即螺距变大。     

含胆甾基偶氮液晶聚合物的合成与表征

将合成的含偶氮基团的液晶单体M与含胆甾基团的手性液晶单体N接枝到含氢甲基硅油上,得到系列手性偶氮类侧链液晶聚合物PY₁~PY₆.利用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振谱(¹HNMR)对其分子结构进行表征,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、偏光显微分析法(POM)、热重分析法(TG)对其介晶性能、相行为及热稳定性进行研究.结果表明,所合成的聚合物PY₁~PY₆为互变热致液晶,均呈现胆甾相的Grandjean织构.从PY₁到PY₆ 随着偶氮单体M含量的增加,t_g呈先降后升的趋势,而t_i则缓慢下降.该系列聚合物热稳定性良好,5%热失重温度在290℃以上,液晶区间在162~189℃之间.     

Stacking of conical molecules with a fullerene apex into polar columns in crystals and liquid crystals

Polar liquid crystalline materials can be used in optical and electronic applications, and recent interest has turned to formation strategies that exploit the shape of polar molecules and their interactions to direct molecular alignment. For example, banana-shaped molecules align their molecular bent within smectic layers, whereas conical molecules should form polar columnar assemblies. However, the flatness of the conical molecules used until now and their ability to flip have limited the success of this approach to making polar liquid crystalline materials. Here we show that the attachment of five aromatic groups to one pentagon of a C(60) fullerene molecule yields deeply conical molecules that stack into polar columnar assemblies. The stacking is driven by attractive interactions between the spherical fullerene moiety and the hollow cone formed by the five aromatic side groups of a neighbouring molecule in the same column. This packing pattern is maintained when we extend the aromatic groups by attaching flexible aliphatic chains, which yields compounds with thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystalline properties. In contrast, the previously reported fullerene-containing liquid crystals all exhibit thermotropic properties only, and none of them contains the fullerene moiety as a functional part of its mesogen units. Our design strategy should be applicable to other molecules and yield a range of new polar liquid crystalline materials.     

3-十二烷氧基-2-羟基丙基-三甲基溴化铵的晶体结构测定及性能表征

用脂肪醇与环氯丙烷在碱性条件下合成了季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂。所得产品用X-射线单晶衍射法测定了晶体结构。该化合物采用双分子层结构,整个化合物由交叉的线性烷基链、季胺阳离子和溴离子组成。用偏光显微镜、差示扫描量热（DSC）技术研究了其液晶行为,证明该化合物为近晶相热致液晶。     

剪切改性对长链支化聚丙烯流变性能的影响

利用密炼机对长链支化聚丙烯（LCB-PP）施加剪切,通过改变密炼机转子转速、物料在密炼机中的停留时间,得到了具有不同剪切历程的样品。采用熔体流动速率（MFR）、挤出胀大比（SR）以及动态流变特性等表征方法,研究了剪切改性对于LCB-PP流变性能的影响规律。结果表明,施加剪切历程会使LCB-PP的MFR变大,SR变小,造成低频下的储能模量和复数黏度减小;并且剪切历程越长,流变性能下降越明显。另外,末端效应和Cole-Cole图等的分析结果也证明了剪切改性过程中长支链发生解缠结和取向现象。     

Novel Chitosan-based Biomaterials

1 Introduction Chitosan with two long side chains of N-alkyl group is an important amphiphilic material, which has potential application in tissue engineering and drug delivery system. In this paper the amphiphilic N, N-dilauryl chitosan has been prepared by the phase transfer catalysis. The π-A isotherms of the products were measured in order to find some fundamental data for making self-assembled vesicles out of this kind of material. The LB film experiment indicates that N, N-dilauryl …     

液晶聚合物

着重介绍了主链ＬＣＰ和侧链ＬＣＰ的研究现状,并对新型结构ＬＣＰ的开发,原位复合材料、热致性ＬＣＰ纤维等最新技术进展以及ＬＣＰ的应用领域作了讨论     

Adsorption-induced scission of carbon-carbon bonds

Covalent carbon-carbon bonds are hard to break. Their strength is evident in the hardness of diamonds and tensile strength of polymeric fibres; on the single-molecule level, it manifests itself in the need for forces of several nanonewtons to extend and mechanically rupture one bond. Such forces have been generated using extensional flow, ultrasonic irradiation, receding meniscus and by directly stretching a single molecule with nanoprobes. Here we show that simple adsorption of brush-like macromolecules with long side chains on a substrate can induce not only conformational deformations, but also spontaneous rupture of covalent bonds in the macromolecular backbone. We attribute this behaviour to the fact that the attractive interaction between the side chains and the substrate is maximized by the spreading of the side chains, which in turn induces tension along the polymer backbone. Provided the side-chain densities and substrate interaction are sufficiently high, the tension generated will be strong enough to rupture covalent carbon-carbon bonds. We expect similar adsorption-induced backbone scission to occur for all macromolecules with highly branched architectures, such as brushes and dendrimers. This behaviour needs to be considered when designing surface-targeted macromolecules of this type-either to avoid undesired degradation, or to ensure rupture at predetermined macromolecular sites.     

A supramolecular gel based on an adenine symmetrically grafted Anderson-type polyoxometalate complex

An Anderson-type polyoxometalate was covalently decorated by using adenine on both sides.Through cation substitution,we obtained a new hybrid building block with long alkyl chains for supramolecular gels.According to the synergetic effect of hydrogen bonding of inter adenine units and van der Waals interaction of side alkyl chains,the DODA 3 [A-MnMo 6-A] gelator can stabilize solvent and self-assemble into fibrous structure,forming supramolecular gel.In addition,the reversible sol-gel transformation was achieved by controlling environmental temperature.Scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the gel morphology and structure.As a result,we proposed the possible mechanism of gel formation and sol-gel transformation.     

含联苯基团热致液晶聚脲的合成与表征

为合成新型热致液晶聚脲,以含液晶基元的联苯二胺（或联邻甲苯胺）、1,6-己二胺、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯为原料进行合成。通过改变单体加料顺序发现,仅当先加入己二胺与2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯预聚,再加入芳香二胺聚合,所得的聚合物才有液晶性。采用这种加料顺序,通过改变芳香,脂肪两种二胺的配比,合成了两个系列的热致液晶聚脲,并确定了合成热致液晶聚脲的最佳配比范围。所得聚合物用偏光显微镜,示差扫描量热分析,广角、小角X射线衍射等方法进行表征,确定了其液晶织构属于向列型。