并联混合动力汽车怠速停机控制策略研究

怠速停机是混合动力汽车主要节能途径之一,本文以并联式混合动力客车为研究平台,建立了怠速停机控制策略,在CRUISE环境下对发动机怠速时间、怠速转速与燃油经济性的关系进行了深入的研究,基于国内典型城市公交循环工况的仿真结果表明:采用怠速停机控制策略后,燃油经济性比原车得到显著改善。     

混联混合动力车辆能量管理控制策略优化

在分析混联式混合动力车动力总成结构及超级电容的动态特性的基础上,提出了基于规则的混联混合动力车的整车分层式控制系统.对整车驾驶员意图识别、模式判断和驱动力分配策略进行研究,并通过实车试验对其进行验证与评价.以中国典型城市公交工况为目标循环工况,进行实车测试,测试结果表明整车动力总成燃油经济性提升10%.     

单行星排客车混动系统控制策略对比

为了提高混合动力汽车的燃油经济性及降低汽车的尾气排放,从中国城市典型工况的动力需求出发,以单行星排10.5 m城市公交客车为研究对象,采用MATLAB软件建立整车经济性计算模型;然后,对比分析客车在单一目标控制策略和双层筛选全局优化控制策略下的节油效果.研究结果表明:在中国城市典型工况下,客车采用双层筛选全局优化控制策略比采用单一目标控制策略节油效果更为显著,节油率高达4.4%.     

网联混合动力汽车跟驰场景的预测能量管理控制

针对网联混合动力汽车跟驰场景下能量管理控制中燃油经济性和驾驶安全性综合优化问题，利用车-车及车-路通信，设计了一种基于前车速度预测-本车速度规划的预测能量管理控制策略。前车速度预测器由长短时记忆神经网络构建，神经网络内部超参数通过粒子群优化算法离线优化确定；基于预测的前车速度，求解以跟车距离、车速度、加速度及直接影响驾驶舒适性的车辆冲击度为成本函数的优化问题获得预测域内本车的速度规划；进一步利用序列二次规划算法求解车辆燃油经济性和驾驶安全性综合优化的能量管理控制问题，得到最优功率分配控制策略。多种驾驶工况下的仿真验证了所提出的预测控制策略的有效性及车辆安全跟驰下较好的燃油经济性。     

单轴并联式混合动力城市客车再生制动挡位决策

设计一种串并混联式复合制动踏板方案,并针对该方案制订再生制动阶跃式制动力分配曲线.分析了影响再生制动效率的多种因素,提出运用序列二次规划(SQP)算法优化挡位决策和电机输出扭矩以解决再生制动中回收效率与制动力分配曲线和电机转速的矛盾.在Cruise和Matlab/Simulink联合仿真平台下,建立了单轴并联式混合动力传动系统整车模型,基于欧洲公交客车循环工况(UDC)进行了仿真研究.结果表明,电池荷电状态(SOC)比采用传统双参数换挡规律提高了近1.5%.进行了三种典型制动工况下实车试验,取得了与仿真结果相吻合的试验结果,其中正常制动工况下的能量回收率比传统双参数换挡策略提高了近11.00%.     

基于循环工况的重型车辆换挡序列优化

针对自动变速车辆换挡策略优化问题,以燃油经济性和车辆行驶性能综合最优为目标,利用动态规划(DP)方法,计算并分析了配备自动机械变速器(AMT)的重型车辆在C-WTVC循环工况下换挡序列的最优决策。建立了循环工况下车辆换挡优化问题的动态规划模型;以功率储备作为评价车辆行驶性能的参数指标,建立了包含经济性、行驶性能的多参数指标函数。考虑了AMT换挡期间存在动力中断的特点,对DP方法进行改进,获得了一系列的挡位序列。研究结果显示,与原有两参数换挡规律对比,DP方法得到的挡位序列使车辆总油耗降低了6.4%,行驶性能指标提高了3.5%。研究表明使用DP方法和多参数指标函数可以得到车辆在循环工况下综合性能最优的换挡序列,对AMT重型车辆的自动控制具有指导意义。     

基于模糊在线识别的并联混合动力客车自适应控制策略

针对一款并联混合动力客车提出了一种基于模糊在线识别的自适应控制策略.基于自主研发的混合动力车数据采集监控系统构建符合本地车辆实际行驶道路特点的典型工况,设计模糊工况识别算法对车辆实际行驶的工况类型进行在线识别.根据最小等效燃油消耗控制算法和电池电量平衡控制方法,结合工况识别的结果调用相应最优控制参数,对发动机和电池的功率分配进行实时优化计算,实现对整车的控制.实验结果表明,所设计的模糊识别方法能够较好地完成行驶工况类型的识别.基于此所提出的自适应控制方法能够在满足车辆需求功率和电池SOC维持在有效工作区间内的前提下完成发动机和电池的最优功率分配,显著提高整车的燃油经济性.      

基于循环工况统计规律的混联式混合动力客车参数匹配与性能仿真

参考中国城市公交城区循环工况的整车动力性及经济性要求,对混联式动力系统运行模式进行分析,根据其结构特点设计基于发动机最佳工作效率曲线的控制策略,应用Matlab/Simulink建立整车仿真模型,进行了基于循环工况统计规律的功率匹配,并对该混合动力客车的动力性及经济性进行仿真实验验证。结果表明,所匹配的客车参数能够满足整车性能目标,整车的燃油经济性相比于传统客车提高30%,同时,能够很好地维持SOC电池荷电状态保持在一定范围内,发动机的工作点基本在高效区域内运行。     

多源信息融合的车速预测方法及整车能量管理

为了进一步挖掘功率分流混合动力汽车的节能潜力,提出了一种融合驾驶意图、车间运动特征及工况历程特征信息的车速预测方法。在此基础上,以燃油经济性最优为目标,建立了基于模型预测控制的整车能量管理优化模型,并采用动态规划算法在有限时域内进行求解,实现了各动力源转矩的实时最优分配。通过MATLAB/simulink软件平台仿真验证表明:在城市道路循环工况下,车速预测精度在不同预测时域都得到了进一步的提升。相比于参数优化后的规则策略,该整车能量管理策略在3种典型工况下,燃油消耗量分别降低了28.53%、23.40%和26.42%,从而验证了该车速预测方法和整车能量管理策略的有效性。     

增程式纯电驱动城市客车能量管理策略对比研究(英文)

针对一辆12m 增程式城市客车,对比研究了几种常见的能量管理算法.该城市客车由锂离子电池驱动,并配有一个功率辅助单元(auxiliary power unit,APU)作为里程延长器.功率辅助单元由发动机和发电机组成,可以将燃料中的化学能转化为电能,补充动力电池的电量.首先,建立了该动力系统的动态模型.基于该模型,定义了一个以日行驶燃油消耗量最小为目标的全局优化问题.采用动态规划方法(dynamicprogramming,DP)进行求解;其次,对比分析了动态规划策略、耗尽-维持(charge depleting and chargesustaining)策略、混合(blended)策略等几种常见的能量管理方法.仿真结果表明,对于本文所研究的特定动力系统,采用全局最优策略,日行驶工况下燃油经济性为26.1L/100km;采用混合策略,日行驶工况下燃油经济性为29.1L/100km;采用耗尽-维持策略,日行驶工况下燃油经济性为28.2L/100km.由于全局优化策略无法投入使用,相较于混合策略,耗尽-维持策略可降低油耗3%.将耗尽-维持策略应用于实际车辆.道路实验表明,空载状况下实际油耗为23.6L/100km,满载情况下为24.9L/100km.相较于传统车平均 30L/100km 的水平,满载情况下耗尽-维持策略可降低油耗17%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.