The Chain Structure of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyacrylonitrile

The chemical composition, molecular weight and its distribution, the bonding structure and the regulation of ultrahigh molecular weight polyacrylonitrile （UHMW-PAN） prepared by aqueous suspension polymerization were determined by FIIR, viscometry, GPC, ^3H-NMR and ^13CNMR. The mechanical properties of the porous hollow fiber prepared by UHMW-PAN were discussed to provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of ideal precursors of the porous hollow oxidation fiber.     

Activity and Structure Changes of Arginine Kinase from Shrimp Feneropenaeus chinensis Muscle in Trifluoroethanol Solutions

Trifluoroethanol has often been used in protein folding studies. The changes in activity and unfolding of arginine kinase from shrimp Feneropenaeus Ghinensis muscle during denaturation in different concentrations of trifuoroethanol were investigated using far-ultraviolet circular dichroism and fluorescence emission spectra. Arginine kinase was inactivated in trifluoroethanol solutions. The tertiary and secondary structures of arginine kinase were also destroyed in the trifluoroethanol solutions. The unfolding and inactivation courses were measured and compared. Inactivation occurred prior to unfolding, which suggests that the arginine kinase active site is more easily damaged by the denaturant than the enzyme as a whole. The result also indicates that the arginine kinase active site is situated in a limited and flexible region of the enzymemolecule.     

Research on Influence Factors of Surfactivity of Polyester Polyether Block Copolymer

Polyester polyether block copolymer （PPBC） was synthesized by ester-exchange and polycondensation reactions using dimethyl terephthalate （DMT）, ethylene glycol （EG） and polyethylene glycol （PEG） as monomer. The effects of PEG molecular weight, mol ratio of DMT to PEG （nDMT/nPEG）, temperature and time of polycondensation reaction and vacuum degree in the reaction system on the surface tension and critical micelle concentration （CMC） of PPBC aqueous solution were studied. It was found that both the molecular weight and the concentration of PEG can affect PPBC＇s surface activity obviously, and the optimum synthesis condition of PPBC used as surfactant is as follows： PEG molecular weight is 1 500, tool ratio of DMT to PEG is 3, temperature and time of polycondensation reaction is 260℃ × 1 h, vacuum degree of condensation reaction is 0.03-0.05 MPa. It was proved by surface tension measurement of PPBC aqueous solution that the PPBC synthesized in this condition is a good surfactant with excellent surfactivity.     

Preliminary survey of estrogenic activity in part of waters in Haihe River, Tianjin

A preliminary survey of estrogenic activity of the contaminant in part of waters （Ziya River and the estuary of Haihe River） in Haihe River, Tianjin has been performed with the plasma vitellogenin （Vtg） in feral fish as a biomarker for estrogenic activity. The concentrations of bisphenol A （BPA）, 4-tert-octylphenol （OP） and 4-nonyl- phenol （NP） in surface water were also determined. The presence of Vtg in male fish plasma as well as that in female can be detected at different sites and different seasons. The results indicate that the water in the sampling sites was contaminated by some estrogenic compounds. Although BPA, OP and NP can be detected in all of the water samples, their concentrations were much lower than the effective concentrations for those chemicals to induce Vtg production in male fish.     

Study on the Sedimentation Capability of Bauxite Flotation Concentrate

The sedimentation behaviors of bauxite flotation concentrates were investigated at different pH values and floceulant dosages. The effects of three types of flocculants （ cationic, anionic and non-ionic polyacrylamide floceulants） as well as the molecular weight of anionic flocculants on the sedimentation of concentrate were studied. It is shown from the experimental results that at the pH 7.0, best sedimentation capability is reached when anionic polyacrylamide flocculant （molecular weight 14 million） is added and the optimal dosage is 30 g/t.     

Influence of chitosan characteristics on the properties of biopolymeric chitosan–montmorillonite

Chitosan–montmorillonite is a modified montmorillonite in which the sodium ions in montmorillonite layers are replaced by biopolymeric chitosan. The effects of characteristics of chitosan (i.e. molecular weight and degree of deacetylation) and the chitosan/montmorillonite mass ratio on the properties of chitosan–montmorillonite were investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis, zeta potential and X-ray diffraction results confirmed intercalation of chitosan into montmorillonite layers. An interaction between chitosan and montmorillonite was revealed by FTIR and the zeta potential. The amount of chitosan intercalated into the montmorillonite layers depended on the characteristics of chitosan, with the largest amounts of intercalated chitosan achieved by addition of chitosan with a molecular weight of 71,000 g/mol or a degree of deacetylation of 80% at a fixed chitosan/montmorillonite mass ratio of 2:1. The resulting chitosan–montmorilllonite had good adsorbent properties, especially for adsorption of cationic dyes, and also inhibited E. coli by almost 100%. The chitosan–montmorillonite may be useful as a functional material for dye adsorption and antibacterial applications.     

Solution Properties of Soy Protein in DMSO/Urea Solvent System

Solution properties of 7S globulins （7S）, 11S globulins （11S） and soy protein isolates （SPI） in dimethylsulfoxide （DMSO）/urea solvent system were studied by intrinsic viscosity and particle size distributions. The results showed that the existence of urea was the main reason for the denaturation and solubility of soy protein in the system, and the effects were more obvious with increasing of urea concentration in solutions. Suitably dissolution temperature and time contributed to the solubility of soy proteins.     

Application of Chitosan Flocculant to Conditioning Sludge

The dewaterability of activated sludge conditioned by chitosan flocculant was studied. The effects of chitosan characteristics such as molecular weight, degree of deacetylation, and dose on the dewaterability were investigated. The sludge dewaterability is evaluated in terms of specific resistance to filtration, residual turbidity of supernatant, moisture content of cake, and settling rate. Sludge dehydrating behaviors conditioned with CTS, PAM and PAC flocculants were compared. The conditioning was also carried out with dual flocculants in two stages. It is found that the sludge conditioned with CTS has better dewaterability than that with PAC. The optimum conditions with chitosan are: dose 0.8 - 1.2 g per 100 g dry cake, molecular weight 300,000, and degree of deacetylation 70%. The conditioning in two stages with dual flocculants is found to be more effective than that with single flocculant.     

Effects of Polymerization Conditions on Copolymerization of Acrylonitrile with Maleic Anhydride in Water

A acrylonitrile-maleic anhydride copolymer was pre-pared by precipitation polymerization with(NH_4)_2S_2O_8-NaHSO_3 as oxidation-reduction initiator in water.The effects of polymerization conditions(such as contentof adjustment reagent of molecular weight,concentrationof monomers,reaction time and temperature,ratio ofinitiator to monomer and ratio of reductant to oxidizer inmole)on composition,molecular weight and conversionof the copolymer were investigated.The copolymer wascharacterized with IR and Elementary Analysis.Its ther-mal property and crystallinity were determined with DTAand WAXD,respectively.     

Molecular imprinted polymer with positively charged assistant recognition polymer chains for adsorption/enrichment of low content target protein

Here, we introduce a new type of molecular imprinted polymer （MIP） with immobilized assistant recognition polymer chains （ARPCs） to create effective recognition sites and with bacterial cloned protein as template for adsorbing the low content target protein from cell extract. In this work, cloned pig cyclophilin 18 （pCyP18）, a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans-isomerase, was used as template. The template protein was selectively assembled with ARPCs from their library, which consists of numerous limited length polymer chains with randomly distributed recognition sites of positively charged amino groups and immobilizing sites. These assemblies were adsorbed by porous microsphers and immobilized on them. After removing the template, binding sites complementary to the target protein in size, shape and the position of recognition groups were exposed, and their confirmation was preserved by the cross-linked structure. The synthesized MIP was used to adsorb the cellular pCyP18, and its proportional content was enriched more than hundred times. The extended experiment on imprinting bovine serum albumin （BSA） with ARPCs shows that this method is also suitable for large protein.     

超滤分离对马氏珍珠贝肉蛋白酶解液特性的影响

研究了马氏珍珠贝肉蛋白酶解液在超滤过程中膜通量的变化及超滤前后感官评价、肽分子量分布以及氨基酸的变化,对超滤膜的选择性及分离效果进行了评价和分析.实验结果表明,马氏珍珠贝肉蛋白酶解液在超滤过程中,随着超滤时间的延长,膜通量不断减小,透过液的鲜味明显提高,腥味和苦味基本消失,透过液中含有分子量大于截留分子量（5000 Da）的多肽,超滤膜实际有效截留分子量约为7000 Da~8000 Da,分子量小于4500 Da左右的多肽在透过液中得到有效富集.超滤处理后,同一氨基酸在总氨基酸和游离氨基酸中含量的变化均不一致,透过液肽态氨基酸中鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸比例高于原酶解液,而苦味氨基酸和疏水性氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例均低于原酶解液.     

鱼糜增白试验的研究

对以小杂鱼为原料制作的鱼糜进行了增白处理研究.用自制富脂增白剂在4种不同的加入量下,对制作出的鱼糜进行质量指标对比实验分析,实验结果显示加入5%增白剂后增白效果最佳.     

生物活性肽对罗非鱼嗅囊EOG反应的影响

通过记录奥尼罗非鱼嗅上皮产生的嗅电图(electro-olfactogram,EOG)反应,研究了几种小肽(包括GSH、丙谷二肽、肌肽、双甘氨肽、阿斯巴甜)以及几种蛋白酶解物(包括鱼粉酶解物、两种大豆酶解物)对罗非鱼嗅觉反应的影响。结果表明:罗非鱼嗅电图是一个单相负电位。EOG幅值随着刺激浓度的升高而增大。在小肽组中,罗非鱼嗅囊在受到GSH刺激的时候产生的EOG反应最强烈,在刺激浓度为2mmol/L时,反应幅值显著大于其它4种小肽(P(0.05);在浓度为5、10mmol/L时差异极显著(P(0.01)。在3种酶解物中,在同一刺激浓度下,鱼粉酶解物引起的EOG幅值比其它两种大豆酶解物的要大,在刺激浓度为50、200mg/L时差异显著(P(0.05)。结果揭示生物活性肽对罗非鱼有嗅觉刺激作用,与其它小肽相比,罗非鱼嗅囊对GSH的刺激反应更强烈。在3种蛋白酶解物中,鱼粉酶解物对罗非鱼嗅囊EOG反应的刺激较为强烈。     

Effects of fish protein hydrolysate on growth performance and humoral immune response in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.)

We investigated the effects of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) on growth performance and humoral immune response of the large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.). One thousand and two hundred large yellow croakers [initial average weight: (162.75±23.85) g] were divided into four groups and reared in floating sea cages (3 m×3 m×3 m). The animals were fed with 4 diets: basal diet only (control) or diets supplemented with 5%, 10% and 15% (w/w) FPH. The results show that dietary FPH levels significantly influenced the growth and immunity of the large yellow croaker. Compared with the control group, total weight gain (TWG) in all treatment groups, relative weight gain (RWG) and specific growth rate (SGR) in fish fed with diets supplemented with 10% and 15% FPH were significantly increased (P<0.05). Similar results were observed in immune parameters [lysozyme activity, serum complements, immunoglobulin M (IgM)]. Lysozyme activity, complement C4 and IgM were also significantly increased (P<0.05) in fish fed with diets supplemented with 10% and 15% FPH, while complement C3 level was significantly increased (P<0.05) in all treatment groups. In general, with the supplementation of FPH, particularly at dose of 10%, the growth performance and immunity of the large yellow croaker can be improved effectively.     

Hyperactive antifreeze protein in a fish

Fish that live in the polar oceans survive at low temperatures by virtue of 'antifreeze' plasma proteins in the blood that bind to ice crystals and prevent these from growing. However, the antifreeze proteins isolated so far from the winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus), a common fish in the Northern Hemisphere, are not sufficiently active to protect it from freezing in icy sea water. Here we describe a previously undiscovered antifreeze protein from this flounder that is extremely active (as effective as those found in insects) and which explains the resistance of this fish to freezing in polar and subpolar waters.     

聚合乳清蛋白包埋油脂功能特性的研究

研究了聚合乳清蛋白包埋鱼油和月见草油后凝胶功能特性的变化.结果表明,鱼油凝胶的乳化性、乳化稳定性明显优于月见草油凝胶(P<0.01),随着凝胶天数的增加,鱼油和月见草油凝胶的乳化性和乳化稳定性均有所降低;鱼油凝胶乳化性第4天出现明显下降(P<0.05),月见草油凝胶乳化性下降不明显(P>0.05);鱼油凝胶黏度明显低于月见草油凝胶黏度,平均比月见草油凝胶低16.57%,随着凝胶形成天数的增加,黏度均近似成线性模型增长;两种凝胶在实验所设定的剪切速率范围内均表现为剪切变稀,呈假塑性;鱼油凝胶硬度略高于月见草油凝胶,但差异不显著(P>0.05),随着凝胶形成天数的增加,凝胶硬度都略有增加,但增加不显著(P>0.05).     

基于形态学和分子系统学数据分析河南省鱼类新纪录种—北鳅

2016年4月至2017年10月,河南省鱼类资源调查队在河南省鱼类资源普查时,分别在林州、辉县、汝州等地采集到14尾鲤形目条鳅亚科鱼类,综合采用传统形态学结合分子系统学方法确定其为北鳅Lefua costata,为河南省新纪录种,标本保存于河南师范大学水产学院鱼类标本室.对该鱼的主要形态鉴定特征、分布区域、生存环境及生活习性等方面做了初步分析.该鱼在我国内蒙古、辽河、黑龙江水系、河北、山东济南等地均有相关记录.此次河南省境内采集到北鳅,扩大了该鱼在我国分布范围,也为后续基础研究提供了重要依据.     

海洋软骨鱼软骨抗肿瘤物质的研究进展

筛选高效低毒的抗肿瘤药物是海洋新药研发最为重要的课题之一。软骨鱼软骨中富含多肽、低分子量蛋白、糖蛋白和多糖等活性物质,可以作为新生血管生成抑制因子、肿瘤细胞抑制因子、免疫调节因子和抗入侵因子等用于肿瘤的治疗和预防。本文对软骨鱼软骨中活性物质及其功效进行综述,将为软骨的研究利用提供参考。     

鹿角盘蛋白的分离纯化与活性研究

通过超微粉碎技术使坚硬的鹿角盘粉碎,再运用生物化学技术,经过浸提、盐析、透析、分子筛层析等生物技术,分离纯化出一种鹿角盘蛋白APPB,然后通过动物实验考察其活性作用.经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,检测其分子质量在20.1～31.0 KD之间,通过动物活性实验证明,分离得到的鹿角盘蛋白有一定的抗炎镇痛作用.     

生物油/生物柴油混合燃料的热稳定性

为了考察生物油/生物柴油混合燃料的热稳定性,分析了该混合燃料在不同的存储温度和存储时间下组分物化性质的变化,并测试了存储前后该混合燃料的黏度、水分含量、酸度、平均分子质量等理化特性.实验结果表明:当存储温度为80℃,存储时间为180 h时,样品的含水量小于0.7%;黏度随存储温度的升高和存储时间的延长变化不大.利用FT...