响应曲面优化中药材废渣基活性炭的制备

采用中药材废渣为原料,以KOH为活化剂,选用响应曲面分析方法设计实验,制备活性炭.以碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值为响应值,对影响KOH活化法最重要的3个因素浸渍比、活化温度以及活化时间进行优化.结果表明,对于碘吸附值的影响,活化温度浸渍比活化时间,对于亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响,浸渍比活化温度活化时间.所得最优条件为浸渍比3、活化温度744℃、活化时间75min,在此条件下制备的活性炭碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值分别为723.75mg/g、350.82mg/g,与理论模型值非常接近,说明基于响应曲面法所得的最佳工艺参数准确可靠.通过SEM、热重分析可知该活性炭具有孔隙结构发达、热稳定性高等特点.     

不同活化因素对秸秆活性炭孔结构的影响

以K_2CO_3为活化剂,辣椒秸秆为原料制备活性炭,研究活化温度、活化时间、浸渍比和浸渍时间等影响因子对活性炭孔结构的影响.以比表面积、总孔容及碘吸附值为表征指标,对活性炭孔结构进行分析.结果表明,在给定的取值范围内,随着影响因子值的增加,比表面积和碘吸附值都呈现先升高后降低的趋势.在800℃活化温度、120min活化时间、2∶1浸渍比、24h浸渍时间的最佳条件下,制备的活性炭比表面积和碘吸附值的最大值分别达到1 753.983m~2/g,1 754mg/g,总孔容为0.893cm~3/g,平均孔径2nm,微孔率达84%.     

核桃壳活性炭的制备及其吸附苯酚特性

采用氯化锌-软锰矿活化法制备核桃壳活性炭并研究其对废水中苯酚的吸附特性,结果表明:软锰矿的投加量占原料的5%、氯化锌浓度为3 mol/L、剂料比为1、活化温度600℃、活化时间10min是活性炭的最佳制备条件。在此条件下亚甲基蓝脱色力是123mL/g,碘吸附值945mg/g。在18℃、pH=2条件下,0.5g核桃壳活性炭对50mL的50mg/L苯酚溶液吸附240min吸附效果最佳,吸附效果优于市煤质活性炭。     

城市污水处理厂剩余污泥制备活性炭的研究

以污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,以KOH为活化剂采用化学活化法制备污泥活性炭。研究了碳化时间、碳化温度及活化剂浓度等条件对污泥活性炭碘吸附值和产率的影响。通过正交实验确定了污泥活性炭的最佳制备条件。结果表明,以碘吸附值作为主要评价指标,制备条件对污泥活性炭的碘吸附值影响大小的顺序为:炭化时间活化剂浓度炭化温度。制备污泥活性炭的最佳工艺组合为炭化温度400℃,炭化时间40 min,活化剂浓度为0.3 mol/L,污泥活性炭的碘值为308.7 mg/g。     

利用桐籽壳制备活性炭的工艺研究

对以桐籽壳为原料、用氯化锌法制备活性炭的工艺进行了研究,采用正交试验优化了工艺参数.最佳工艺参数为：料液比质量比1∶2.0、氯化锌质量分数为50%、活化时间60 min、活化温度为60 ℃.在此工艺条件下所制备的活性炭,其碘吸附值为986.35 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为178.23 mg/g,表观密度为0.423 6 g/mL.     

吸附有机气体饱和废活性炭热再生的实验效果

采用热处理方法对多次再生饱和废活性炭进行再生处理,研究确定温度800℃、保温时间60 min为吸附有机气体饱和废活性炭热再生最佳条件.此条件下,再生活性炭碘吸附值为329.69 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为83.95 mg/g,与新活性炭相比,碘吸附性能和亚甲基蓝吸附性能恢复率分别为70.03%和68.83%.通过对再生活性炭表征,探讨了热再生过程活性炭结构及性能变化.红外表征显示经热再生处理,活性炭C=C基团和C—O基团消失,表明吸附质成功实现脱附;XRD和孔隙分析则表明热再生处理能改善活性炭的石墨化程度,被吸附质覆盖、堵塞或填充的微孔会被释放还原,增加微孔数量和比例,再生后活性炭平均孔径由6.85 nm降低至2.26 nm、比表面积由520.67 m~2/g提高到1143.43 m~2/g、孔容由0.21 cm~3/g增加到0.39 cm~3/g,吸附性能得到很大改善.     

氯化锌活化法制备长柄扁桃壳活性炭

目的深入研究长柄扁桃壳的利用价值。方法探讨氯化锌活化法制备活性炭的最佳工艺条件,对产品性能进行表征,并初步研究其对印染废水的脱色能力。结果最佳工艺条件为氯化锌溶液质量分数为50%,活化温度为600℃,活化时间为90 min。此条件下活性炭得率为44.76%,碘吸附值为883.78 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为165 mg/g。活性炭77 K氮气吸附等温线属(Ⅱ)型吸附等温线,比表面积为1633.08 m2/g,累计孔容积为2.53 mL/g,平均孔径为9.68 nm。微量元素含量大小依次为ZnNaMgKCaP,未检出Mn,Cd,As,Pb等有害元素。产品对自制印染废水的脱色率达到99.57%。结论长柄扁桃壳是制备优质活性炭的理想原料。     

煤基高比表面积活性炭的制备研究

以山西阳泉无烟煤为原料,NaOH为活性剂,采用化学活化法对煤基高比表面积活性炭的制备进行实验分析研究,着重考察了碱炭质量比、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明,在碱炭比为4、活化温度为800℃、活化时间为1 h的条件下,可以制得比表面积为2 637 m2/g、总孔容为1.36 cm3/g、碘吸附值为2 893 mg/g、亚甲蓝吸附值为476 mg/g的煤基高比表面积活性炭。     

KOH活化石油焦制备工艺对活性炭吸附性能的影响

以固-固混合方式,用KOH活化石油焦制备了高比表面积活性炭,研究了活化温度、碱炭比、原料粒度、活化时间、预处理温度及氮气流速等因素对活性炭的碘值和亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响,并用液氮吸附法分析了高比表面积活性炭的孔隙结构.结果表明:活化温度、碱炭比、原料粒度、活化时间,以及中间处理温度和氮气流速对活性炭的碘值和亚甲基蓝吸附值均有明显的影响;在一定的条件下,可制备出比表面积大于3000m2/g、比孔容积达1.80cm3/g、碘吸附值为2714mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为510mg/g的活性炭.活性炭的吸附特性可以通过石油焦原料的改性和各种工艺条件的优化进行调控.     

中心组合设计法优化CuCl2为活化剂的茶梗活性炭制备工艺

本研究以茶梗为原料,以氯化铜为活化剂,化学法制备载铜茶梗活性炭,采用响应面法优化所制备活性炭的吸附性能.在单因素实验的基础上选取浸渍比、氯化铜浓度、活化温度、活化时间为影响因子,利用Box-Behnken中心组合试验（简称BBD）进行4因素3水平的试验设计,以活性炭得率和碘吸附值作为响应值,进行响应面分析.结果表明,制备活性炭的最佳条件为：氯化铜浓度为25％、浸渍比为4、活化温度为600℃、活化时间为5 h,在此条件下,制得的活性炭的碘吸附值为453 mg/g、得率为47.09％.在优化条件下,制得的活性炭的碘吸附值和得率与预测值基本符合,所以据响应面法原理,对相关影响因素进行试验优化设计可行.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to